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In greenhouse experiments changes in several metabolic parameters soybeans plants after inoculation by P. savastanoi pv. glycinea 9190, X. axonopodis pv. glycines 9192, BCMV, A. laidlawii on background pre-treatment by nanochelates (NHs) of V, Ge, Cu, Mo have been shown. The phenolic compounds content increased in leaves at inoculation by phytopathogens on background pre-treatment by NHs and without it. The content of H2O2 in leaves increased in variants: BCMV (+VNHs, GeNHs, CuNHs), 9192 (+VNHs, CuNHs), 9190 (+GeNHs, CuNHs), A. laidlawii+MoNHs. But it decreased in the variants: BCMV + MoNHs, A. laidlawii + VNHs, 9190 + VNHs, 9192 (+ GeNHs, CuNHs) compared to controls. The peroxidase activity increased in variants: A. laidlawii, 9190, GeNHs + 9190, GeNHs + 9192, CuNHs, CuNHs (+ phytoplasmas, 9192), MoNHs (+ BCMV, phytoplasmas, 9190, 9192) with decreased catalase activity. The content of ABA in the leaves increased in variants: 9190, 9192 (+ VNHs, CuNHs), GeNHs + 9190, but the IAA content reduced. However, on variants MoNHs (+9190, 9192), GeNHs + 9192, A. laidlawii, A. laidlawii (+ GeNHs, CuNHs, MoNHs) the content of both phytohormones was decreased. The content of IAA and ABA in BCMV-infected leaves without treatment was increased, but on background of NHs - it decreased significantly. The Fv/Fm-value increased in almost all variants, except for CuNHs + BCMV. The photosynthetic rate (RFd-value) at inoculation plants with viral, bacterial and phytoplasmas pathogens on background treatment of MoNHs; bacterial strain on background of pre-treatment of GeNHs; phytoplasmas on background of VNHs have been increased. Thus, pre-treatment by nanochelates had regulatory effect on soybean plant metabolism helping increase its resistance to phytopathogens was shown. Thus, pre-treatment by nanochelates had regulatory effect on soybean plant metabolism but the pre-treatment of MoNHs was more effectiveness thanks not only intensification resistance against pathogens but and the assimilation of CO2 increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In field experiments, increase the quantum efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fp), the Rfd-values (the chlorophyll fluorescence vitality indices) and the content of photosynthetic pigments in wheat leaves at pretreatment of wheat seeds with solutions of citrate nanoparticles has been shown. The green weight of plants at bacterial and phytoplasmas infecting at pretreatment with solutions of citrate nanoparticles, was increase, than without pre-treatment, in order: GeNPs>ISe> SeNPs>VNPs as it has been shown. The Fv/Fp-values in leaves infected with phytoplasmas of plants at pretreatment of VNPs or I-Se solutions were more, than without pretreatment. The Fv/Fp-value in leafs with bacterial infecting at pretreatment of GeNPs with compared to infected plants without pretreatment was increased has been shown. The Rfd-value in leaves at pre-sowing treatment of GeNPs or I-Se and bacterial infecting compared to infected plants without the pr-treatment was more has been shown. This value at infected plants with phytoplasmas at pretreatment of GeNPs or VNPs, compared to infected plants without pretreatment, was increased. In greenhouse experiments, Fv/Fp-values of plants leaves infected of phytoplasmas, bacteria and wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) at pre-treatment of solutions of citrate nanoparticles compared to infected plants without pretreatment has been increased. The pretreatment with nanoparticles GeNPs caused grain production by 15.6% increased has been shown. The weight grains/10 in plants on variant with pretreatment with Ge nanoparticles (with consortium of soil microorganism) and bacterial infecting were more, than without pretreatment has been shown. The weight grains/10 in plants on variant at pre-treatment of plants of nanoparticles solution and infected with phytoplasmas compared to infected plants without the pre-treatment increased in order: GeNPs>I-Se>VNPs>SeNPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of pre-sowing seed treatments of selenium nanocitrates (SeNPs) and application of soil formed microorganism consortium (biological preparation (BP) Extrakon) on wheat plants infected with wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) were investigated in greenhouse and fields conditions in 2018-2019 (on territories of Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology of NASU). The pre-sowing seed treatments of 1% selenium nanocitrates (SeNPs) with application of BP Extrakon initiating the growth of juvenile wheat in laboratory experiments were found. In the field experiment on variants of WSMV-infected plants, two weeks after inoculation (tillering stage), we observed the appearance of characteristic symptoms of yellow mosaic with intermittent strokes on the leaves. In the boot phase, a lag in the growth of WSMV-infected plants compared with intact plants was already clearly visible, which was confirmed by the ELISA test. It was shown, increase of the quantum efficiency of PS II (Fv/Fp) of WSMV-infected plants at pre-sowing treatment of 1% SeNPs and application of microbial consortium (BP Extrakon) compared with virus-infected plants without treatment. In plant tissue of all experimental variants increase activity of superoxide dismutase was shown. It was shown more significant increase of the SODactivity on the variant of WSMV-infected plants with application of BP Extrakon and SeNPs. Estimation of 1000-grain weight and grain productivity confirmed the effectiveness of the combined use of BP Extrakon with pre-sowing treatment of SeNPs on both intact and WSMV-infected plants. Thus, mixed application both SeNPs pre-sowing treatment and adding in soil of soil forming microbial consortium has a bio protective effect on wheat plants enhancing the resistance of plants cells to viral damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electron microscope investigations have revealed disintegration of the cell wall of Pseudomonas syringae pv. atrofaciens and subsequent killing of bacterial cells after application of 1% solutions of the citrates of Ag-Cu nanoparticles, the complex Co-Cu-Zn-Fe-Mn-Mo-Mg (Avatar-1) and iodine-selenium. In field conditions, it was revealed that pre-sowing treatment of wheat seeds with the aforementioned 1% solutions significantly inhibited the development of basal glume rot in cereals with artificial infection of Pseudomonas syringae pv. atrofaciens. Consequently, reduction of the typical symptoms of basal glume rot of cereals and the percentage of isolated cells of Pseudomonas syringae pv. atrofaciens D13 were detected in wheat plants upon pre-sowing treatment of wheat seeds by experimental biocides. These results can be explained by structural changes in the bacterial cells of the pathogen that lead to reduction of viable forms of bacteria due to damage of both the cell wall and internal contents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The laboratory experiments have been found that soaking seeds Galega orientalis L. (Fodder galega) in nanoaquacitrates solutions of Mn (10 and 20 mg/dm3), Mo (4 mg/dm3) and Mg (2 and 4 mg/dm3), has been lead to germination energy rise, while Mn (10 and 20 mg/dm3) and Mo (4 mg/dm3) concentrations has been influenced germinating ability. At the same time, the soaking seeds in solution of nanoaquacitrates Mn (20 mg/dm3) had the biggest stimulatory effect on the accumulation 7 daily sprouts mass (on 18%). It has been shown that soaking seeds in nanoparticles Mn and Mo solutions leads to the increase of catalase activities (especially under the influence of manganese) and peroxidase activities (under molybdenum influence). Applying the method of chlorophyll a fluorescence in the field and greenhouse experiments with Galega orientalis L. plants, artificial infected with phytoplasma Acholeplasma laidlawii var. granulum st. 118 the following changes in the photosynthetic apparatus has been indicated: reduction in the length of the light-antenna, blocking transport of electrons in plastoquinone pool PSII with reducing the pool of electron acceptors. It has also been indicated that photochemical activity resistance of the photosynthetic apparatus decreases while its stability increases, as result of described above effects the concentration of chlorophyll a and b in plants leaves decreases. The above-mentioned negative effects have been deactivated through foliar treatment of infected Galega orientalis L. plants with nanoaquacitrates solution Mo (4 mg/dm3) that allow increasing of photochemical resistance of photosynthetic apparatus as well as chlorophyll content in leaves. The foliar treatment with Mn (20 mg/dm3) solution of the infected plants, in compared with infected plants without treatment, resulted in more significant increase of Ki value (which correlate to the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activity), which is explaining anti-mycoplasma effect of this solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]