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This study deals with the condition monitoring of high voltage equipment (HVE) and risk assessment in transmission power systems. Artificial intelligence is applied to use the currently available information to calculate operational risk, and take appropriate operational measures to deal with the upcoming system states. The study presents a method based on the thermographic approach for determining urgency of intervention of HVE. Age of the HVE, voltage level, overheating temperature of the hot spot, temperature of the previous overheating, dissolved gas analysis, frequency response analysis, temperature of oil insulation, the number and time of operations and gas leaking have been used as the reference inputs for the designed fuzzy controller. The results of such methods have been combined with economic factors and applied in risk maps. The method of minimal paths and method of minimal cross‐section are modified to use fuzzy numbers. These methods are used to analyse the performance of high voltage substations. System performance index is calculated to make a proper decision about reconfiguration and maintenance planning. The results might serve as a good orientation in the HVE condition monitoring and they are implemented in the asset management of transmission power systems using risk map. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Os herpesvírus equinos tipo 1 (HVE-1) e 4 (HVE-4) são agentes causadores de diferentes formas de doença em cavalos, das quais as mais comuns são a rinopneumonite, o abortamento, a mortalidade perinatal e a mieloencefalopatia herpética equinas, que causam grandes perdas econômicas. Tem sido descrita mundialmente, havendo poucos estudos no Brasil. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar a ocorrência e a distribuição da infecção por herpesvírus equinos (HVE) em equídeos criados em dez Delegacias Regionais do Estado de Minas Gerais: Almenara, Bambuí, Curvelo, Governador Valadares, Montes Claros, Oliveira, São Gonçalo do Sapucaí, Teófilo Otoni, Unaí e Viçosa. Foi utilizada a técnica de soroneutralização em microplacas com o intuito de detectar anticorpos soro neutralizantes. Das amostras analisadas, 17,6% (145/826) foram soropositivas para o HVE, sendo 18,7% (140/749) cavalos soropositivos, 6,8% (5/73) muares soropositivos e nenhum asinino soropositivo (0/4). Conclui-se que o HVE-1 encontra-se amplamente disseminado no Estado de Minas Gerais, pois todas as regiões estudadas apresentaram animais sororreagentes ao HVE-1. Observou-se maior ocorrência de anticorpos contra o HVE em animais adultos, indicando assim o potencial desses animais como fonte de infecção para os potros.

Abstract: Objectives: The objectives of this investigation were firstly to quantitatively and qualitatively determine particulate production during orthodontic debond and enamel cleanup procedures, and secondly to examine what methods can be employed to minimize operator exposure to such dust particles. Methods: A qualitative study was performed to determine the aerodynamic diameters and compositions of particulates produced during simulated clinical debonds and enamel cleanup procedures on extracted teeth. In each case the enamel was cleaned using tungsten carbide burs in either a high or slow speed handpiece, with or without water coolant spray, with or without high volume evacuation (HVE) or a face mask. Results: The use of a high speed handpiece with a tungsten carbide bur and water irrigation at enamel cleanup produced the greatest concentration of respirable particulates. Within this dust, calcium, phosphorus, aluminum and silicon were the most commonly found elements. The dust levels observed did not exceed limits advised for respirable dusts in general. However, the concentration of silica within the dusts created is unknown. The face mask and HVE were effective at reducing exposure to respirable particles, but the mask was most effective, reducing exposure by up to 96%. Significance: A face mask is an effective means of reducing dust inhalation and is advised for all clinical procedures that produce dusts. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Elegant work by others has highlighted the importance of auxin transport in venation patterning, an idea substantiated by the severe effects of auxin polar transport inhibitors and by the mutant phenotype and expression patterns associated with the auxin efflux transporter PIN-FORMED1 (PIN1). It is striking, therefore, that little attention has been paid to the venation patterns of mutants insensitive to this hormone, since both auxin transport and perception are crucial components in theoretical models of vascular patterning. Our finding that HEMIVENATA (HVE) is the same gene as CAND1 confirms the role of ubiquitin-mediated auxin perception in vascular patterning and sets the stage for a re-examination of the leaf venation phenotypes of other auxin-resistant mutants and additional components of the ubiquitin pathway.