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Internal arc fault tests are important for ensuring the safety of medium-voltage metal-enclosed switchgears. Since these tests are conducted at full scale, the costs of the test objects as well as the high-power laboratory are significant. This paper presents an experimental study to clarify whether such tests can be simplified by downscaling. Tests with volume and energy downscaled to 1/3 and 1/10, respectively, were performed on a single-phase arrangement with air as the insulating gas. The test results showed that the internal pressure rise caused by the arc can be reproduced well using a smaller compartment and lower current. The potential damage caused by the exhaust of the hot gas escaping through the pressure-relief openings is more challenging to predict from small-scale tests. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The determination of ethanolamines is essential for the use of alkanolamine based solvents in post-combustion CO2 capture from flue gas. The detection of monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), and N-methyldiethanol-amine (MDEA) was performed using non-suppressed cation exchange chromatography (IC) on a Dionex IonPac SCSI column with methanesulfonic acid/acetonitrile as eluent. A statistics-based experimental design with response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the IC operating parameters. The experimental results were evaluated using multivariate analysis with the MODDE 9.0 program. The developed method was applied to the quantitative analysis of traditional ethanolamine and ammonium ions, and was found to be linear in the range 0.01-10mM injected with coefficients of determination better than 0.999. Monomethylamine and dimethylamine as presumed degradation products were not detected in the partially degraded ethanolamine systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]