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The APOBEC3G gene is one of the most important host factors thathas beenfound previously associated withHIV infection and AIDS progression. The host's susceptibility to viral infectionmay be influenced by any APOBEC3G genetic variation.The main aim of thecurrent study was to investigate the association of three SNPs in the APOBEC3G gene (rs8177832, rs35228531, and rs2294367) respectively, with disease outcomes in Moroccan HIV-1 infected patients. A case-control study was conducted in 194 HIV-1 infected patients and 195 healthy controls and the three selected APOBEC3G SNPs were genotyped in all participants using TaqMan® allelic discrimination assays. The rs2294367 CG genotype was found strongly associated with the protection profile against the HIV-1 infection (OR=0.44, 95% CI=0.28-0.67, p=0.0002). The rs2294367 CG genotype (p=0.0009) was found as a protective element while the rs2294367 GG genotype (p=0.015) has shown susceptibility against HIV-1 infection among females. Furthermore, the rs2294367CG genotype seemed to protect older subjects (>50 years) from infection (p=0.001). Haplotype analysis demonstrated that the GCC haplotype from (rs8177832, rs35228531, and rs2294367) observed could be associated with a high risk of HIV-1 infection in Morocco, OR=2.25, 95% CI=1.12-4.49, p=0.022). This study demonstrates significant associations between the studied polymorphisms in APOBEC3G with pVL variations during treatment. Thus, our findings confirm that genetic variations in the APOBEC3G gene might modulate the susceptibility to HIV-1 infection and the response to antiviral drugs in Moroccan individuals. However, it should be noted that the main limitation of this study is the moderate sample size, thus a validation study with a larger sample is warranted., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: Chlamydia pneumoniae (C. pneumoniae) is a respiratory pathogen associated with chronic inflammatory and its detection in human lung cancer suggests its involvement in cancerogenesis. Our study aimed to evaluate the association between C. pneumoniae  infection and Lung Cancer disease in Moroccans patients and control cohorts, through a molecular investigation., Methods: The study comprised 42 lung cancer patients and 43 healthy controls. All participants provided demographics, Clinical, and Toxic behaviors datas, and a peripheral blood sample for testing, a Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was performed for C. pneumoniae Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) detection. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM®SPSS®software., Results: Positive Nested PCR results for cases and controls were respectively 33.3% and 4.7%, there by  significant difference between cases and controls   infection was identified (p <0.05). Data analysis also showed that tobacco could act synergically with C. pneumoniae infection as a risk factor of lung cancer. In fact a significant difference between patients and controls was shown for tobacco and alcohol use (p < 0.05)., Conclusion: C. pneumoniae infection is potentially associated with primary Lung cancer in the Moroccan population and has combined effects with Tabaco consumption.

The aim of this research is to search for the distribution of blood groups in all the regions of Morocco. This study, done for the first time, aimed to provide the frequency of the Rhesus system and Kell (K) in more than 55000 blood donors from nine different regions around the country. In addition, the frequency of the Cellano, Duffy, Kidd, and MNS blood antigens was searched for 500 blood donors from the Rabat's region. Frequency of blood donors with rare blood groups was characterized for the first time in the country and compared to results found from other populations.

The aim of this study was to search for the partial D phenotype in Moroccan blood donors with weak D expression. The study included 32 samples with weak D phenotype, and partial D category red blood cells were detected with the D-Screen Diagast kit, which consists in 9 monoclonal anti-D antibodies specific for the most common categories of partial D. Among the 32 samples studied, we identified 13 specific reactions to a partial D antigen (3 DVI, 2 DVa, 2 DIII((a,b,c)), and 6 DVII), with 8 reactions suggesting a weak D and 11 reactions providing no formal argument in favor of a partial D antigen. This work can be used to validate the performance of the anti-D reagent and to improve the safety of transfusion of red blood cells from donors expressing the partial D antigen by integrating the finding into the recipient file with a recommendation concerning the appropriate care.