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In response to the problems of complex oil and water distribution pattern, poor understanding of sand bodv depositional characteristics and depositional control factors in the second member of the Sangonghe Formation in the Moxizhuang area, the depositional characteristics of the area were analvzed, the depositional control factors were determined, and depositional modes were established in different periods to clarifv the spatial location of sand-stone reservoirs on the basis of the logging, coring, physical properties and seismic data and in combination with the fault activity. The study shows that in the Moxizhuang area, the braided river delta front sedimentary system is de-veloped, which is divided into 8 kinds of lithofacies such as granularly supported conglomerate facies, sandy conglomerate facies, pebbly sandstone facies massive sandstone facies, cross-laminated sandstone facies, parallel-lam-inated sandstone facies, horizontal-laminated sandstone facies, mudstone facies and 6 kinds of sedimentary micro-facies, such as braided watercourse, interdistributary bay, channel sand bar, mouth bar, distal bar, and shore-shallow lake microfacies according to the sedimentary characteristics; during the depositional period of the lower subsection of the second member of the Sangonghe Formation, the north fault activity was strong, so the slope -break geomorphology was formed in the study area, resulting in hydrodynamic conversion depositional features between the north and south parts of the studv area; in the context of the lake level rising and hvdrodvnamic wweake-ning, the activitv of the south fault intensified during the depositional period of the upper subsection, which togeth-er wwith the graben tectonics formed bv the north faults controlled the conversion of the deposition direction of the sand bodv in the southeastern part of the studv area, and favored a shift in the depositional direction of the sand bodv to a nearlv east-west direction. This studv is of guiding significance in determining the spatial distribution of sand bodv reservoirs in the Moxizhuang Area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Yunnan-Guizhou-North region of the Sichuan Basin in Southern China is a favorable research area for southern marine stratigraphy. The classification and evaluation of shale lithofacies are essential for shale gas exploration and development. This study uses XRD analysis, thin section identification, geochemical analysis, gas content testing, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-pressure adsorption, and low-temperature N2 adsorption. And machine learning methods to predict the shale lithofacies of uncored well sections systematically analyze the shale lithofacies of the Longmaxi Formation in the study area. The study showed that (1) the Longmaxi Formation in the study area mainly develops organic-rich mixed shale (ORM), organic-rich calcareous/siliceous mixed shale (ORM-1), organic-rich argillaceous/siliceous mixed shale (ORM-2), organic-fair argillaceous/siliceous mixed shale (OFM-2), organic-poor mixed shale (OPM), organic-poor argillaceous/siliceous mixed shale (OPM-2), organic-poor clay-rich siliceous shale (OPS-3). (2) ORM, ORM-1, and ORM-2 have high organic matter content and brittleness index (BI), pore-specific surface area, strong adsorption capacity, and generally higher gas content than 2 m3/t, with good gas content. The specific surface area of OFM-2, OPM, OPM-2, and OPS-3 is much smaller than the previous three organic matter-rich shale lithofacies, and the total pore volume is also lower. In contrast, their average pore size is higher than the previous three. The average pore size of OPM-2 is the largest, which is favorable to the aggregation of free gas, but its gas content is shallow. (3) The ORM, ORM-1, and ORM-2 shale lithofacies have high organic matter abundance, diverse storage space types, excellent pore structure parameters, high brittle mineral content, and high gas content, and are the shale facies with the advantages of integrated production and storage conditions in the Longmaxi Formation in the study area. The ORM-1 shale is the best shale reservoir facies, followed by the ORM and ORM-2 shale facies, and the combination of ORM and ORM-2 interbedded shale lithofacies is favorable for shale gas enrichment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Sichuan Basin was a part of the Yangtze Carbonate Platform (YCP) during the Cambrian–Ordovician, and marine carbonates were deposited in the basin during this interval. Although previous studies have evaluated the paleogeography, paleoclimate and paleoecology of this basin, they have primarily focused on the paleoecology and biological evolution in the basin; however, analysis of paleogeography and paleoclimate is lacking. This study integrated outcrop sedimentological and magnetic fabric data to document sedimentary differentiation and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) within the YCP. The aims of this study were to infer paleowind directions during each epoch of the Cambrian–Ordovician and to constrain the paleogeographic location of the YCP. The northwestern, central and southeastern sides of the YCP were characterized by high-energy deposition (e.g. sub-angular to rounded intraclasts), medium-energy deposition (e.g. sub-angular to sub-rounded intraclasts) and low-energy deposition (e.g. angular to sub-angular intraclasts), respectively. The centroid D-Kmax values for the Early, Middle and Late Cambrian were 116° ± 52°, 145° ± 57° and 159° ± 62° from the present north, respectively; corresponding values for the Early, Middle and Late Ordovician were 169° ± 70°, 139° ± 73° and 91° ± 68° from the present north, respectively. Sedimentary differentiation and AMS results indicated that the prevailing wind directions during the Early Cambrian, Middle Cambrian, Late Cambrian, Early Ordovician, Middle Ordovician and Late Ordovician were 296° ± 52°, 325° ± 57°, 339° ± 62°, 349° ± 70°, 319° ± 73° and 271° ± 68° from the present north, respectively. The present study provides evidence for the location of the YCP during the Cambrian–Ordovician via the correspondence between the paleowind directions over the YCP and the trade winds in the Northern and Southern hemispheres. The novelty of this study lies in the following aspects: (1) it integrates microfacies and AMS analyses to establish paleowind patterns; (2) it constrains the paleo-hemispheric location of the YCP during the Cambrian–Ordovician; and (3) it provides a reference for further studies of the paleoclimate and paleogeography of the YCP during the Cambrian–Ordovician. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To understand the sedimentary characteristics and sedimentary patterns of the Triassic Shaofanggou For- mation in the North Santai High area of the eastern Junggar Basin and clarify the constraints on reservoir development, a study on the sedimentary patterns of the Shaofanggou Formation and its control on reservoir development was carried out on the basis of sedimentology and in combination with the data such as core, thin section, grain size and conventional physical properties. The study shows that there are nine typical petrographic types developed in the Shaofanggou Formation, namely channeled interlaminated conglomerate phase, platy interlaminated conglomerate phase, massive laminated conglomerate phase, channeled interlaminated sandstone phase, platy interlaminated sandstone phase, massive laminated sandstone phase, wave-formed sand laminated sandstone phase, parallel lami- nated siltstone phase and massive laminated mudstone phase; the Shaofanggou Formation is mainly dominated by braided river delta phase, and the sedimentary microphases include 10 types such as floodplain, abovewater braided river channel, channel bar, natural dike, underwater braided river channel, interdistributary area, underwater nat- ural dike, estuary bar, prodelta mud and beach bar, among which, underwater braided river channel, estuary bar and beach bar reservoirs have the best physical properties, with average porosity of 17. 31%, 20. 66% and 21. 81%, and average permeability of 6. 89, 7. 05 and 12. 98 mD, respectively. The reservoir properties in this area are mainly controlled by sedimentation, and the high-quality reservoirs are mainly developed in underwater braided channels, estuary bar and beach bar microphase. The study can provide a theoretical basis for further fine explora- tion and development of oil and gas within the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current paper studies the influencing factors of permeability in shales of the Longmaxi Formation, located in the southern Sichuan Basin, China. The methodologies used in the present study include overburden pore permeability experiments, whole rock analysis and geochemical tests, NMR measurements of fluid saturation, pore size distribution and specific surface area distribution, SEM and extraction of pore structure parameters, and core analysis. The results show the following: (1) high TOC and high maturity generate a large number of organic pores, which may improve the permeability of shale. (2) Mineral composition and rock relative permeability also have influence on permeability to a certain degree, since different minerals have different effects on shale permeability. Clay in the study area has an adverse effect on permeability. The results show that the organic-rich siliceous clay mixed shale facies in this area has the best permeability. (3) A large specific surface area and total pore volume are associated with good shale permeability, while average pore size does not correlate with permeability. A small fractal dimension of pore morphology and simple pore structure result in good permeability, and bedding is the key controlling factor for the anisotropy of shale permeability. (4) Water in shales can influence the permeability of microfractures by binding to clay minerals. Low permeability in shales with high bound water saturation suggests that water and clay mineral absorption may block flow channels, resulting in poor permeability. The purpose of this study is to clarify the influencing factors on shale permeability of the Longmaxi Formation in the study area and to provide a reference for the exploration and development of shale gas in this area of the Sichuan Basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a typical tight oil reservoir in a lake basin, the Permian Lucaogou Formation of the Jimsar Sag in the Junggar Basin has great potential for exploration and development. However, at present, there are few studies on the identification of the diagenetic facies of tight oil reservoir logging in the study area, and the control effect of diagenesis on tight oil reservoirs is not clear. The present work investigates the diagenesis and diagenetic facies logging of the study area, making full use of core data, thin sections, and logs, among other data, in order to understand the reservoir characteristics of the Permian Lucaogou Formation in the Jimsar Sag. The results show that the Lucaogou Formation has undergone diagenetic activity such as compaction, carbonate cementation, quartz cementation, and clay mineral infilling and dissolution. The diagenetic facies are classified according to mineral and diagenetic type, namely, tightly compacted facies, carbonate-cemented facies, clay mineral-filling facies, quartz-cemented facies, and dissolution facies. The GR, RT, AC, DEN, and CNL logging curves were selected, among others, and the convolutional neural network was introduced to construct a diagenetic facies logging recognition model. The diagenetic facies of a single well was divided and identified, and the predicted diagenetic facies types were compared with thin sections and SEM images of the corresponding depths. Prediction results had a high coincidence rate, which indicates that the model is of a certain significance to accurately identify the diagenetic facies of tight oil reservoirs. Assessing the physical properties of the studied reservoirs, dissolution facies are the dominant diagenetic facies in the study area and are also the preferred sequence for exploration—to find dominant reservoirs in the following stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China hosts rich shale gas resources. The Longmaxi Formation (LF) in the Sichuan Basin is one of the important regions for shale gas exploration and extraction. Here, we investigate the pore structure and factors influencing the gas-bearing characteristics of the pores in the shale reservoirs in the LF. We employed scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), gas content testing, gas saturation testing based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), overburden porosity and permeability analysis, distribution of pore size, specific surface area (SSA) analysis, and geochemical analysis. Our results show that the organic matter of the shale in the LF in the study area is highly favorable to shale gas conditions; the brittleness of the regional shale generally increases with an increase in depth. The pores in the LF mainly include organic matter-hosted pores, intergranular pores, intragranular pores, and microfissures, with mesopores dominating. Meanwhile, the gas content also increases with an increase in depth. The pore structure in the study area is affected by organic matter content and mineral components, with the development of organic matter-hosted pores. The porosity and the SSA are positively correlated with the total organic carbon (TOC), whereas clay minerals have an adverse effect on the SSA of pores in the study area. Higher TOC and vitrinite reflectance (Ro) indicate higher gas content. It can be inferred that as the content of brittle minerals increases, particles break to form storage spaces as the depth increases, causing the gas content to increase. Higher SSA and total pore volume indicate higher volume of adsorbed gas. The bound water in rocks tends to reduce the content of desorbed gas. Our results suggest high potential for shale gas extraction in this region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Meandering river reservoirs are essential targets for hydrocarbon exploration, although their characterization can be complex due to their multiscale heterogeneity. Multipoint geostatistics (MPS) has advantages in establishing reservoir architectural models. Training image (TI) stationarity is the main factor limiting the uptake of MPS modeling algorithms in subsurface modeling. A modeling workflow was designed to reproduce the distribution of heterogeneities at different scales in the Miocene Minghuazhen Formation of the Yangerzhuang Oilfield in the Bohai Bay Basin. Two TIs are established for different scales of architecture. An initial unconditional model generated with a process-based simulation method is used as the megascale TI. The mesoscale TI of the lateral accretion layers is characterized by an uneven spatial distribution of mudstone in length, thickness, frequency, and spacing. Models of different scales are combined by the probability cube obtained by lateral accretion azimuthal data as an auxiliary variable. Moreover, the permeability function sets are more suitable than the porosity model for collaboratively simulating the permeability model. Model verification suggests this workflow can accurately realize the multiscale stochastic simulation of channels, point bars, and lateral accretion layers of meandering fluvial reservoirs. The produced model conforms geologically realistically and enables the prediction of interwell permeability variation to enhance oil recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metamorphic rock reservoirs are special reservoirs that are quite different from traditional sedimentary rock reservoirs and contain rich hydrocarbon reserves. However, their lithofacies characteristics and reservoir properties are relatively underexplored, and the key factor in reservoirs is lithofacies. Based on core samples, thin sections, whole-rock analysis and well-log and seismic data, we evaluated the lithologies, petrological characteristics and reservoir properties of metamorphic rocks and then explored the main factors controlling reservoir formation and metamorphic rock quality in the Aryskum depression, South Turgay Basin, Kazakhstan. In this area, four types of lithofacies are identified: granitic gneiss (high DEN and CN, low GR), leptite (high GR and CN), gabbro (low GR and CN) and granite (high GR and low CN); among these rocks, granitic gneiss is widely distributed. The reservoir spaces of metamorphic rocks are divided into fractures and pores produced via metamorphism and structural movements. Fractures can be subdivided into structural fractures (SFs), dissolution fractures (DFs), cleavage microfissures (CMfs) and microfissures (Mfs), and pores include dissolved intergranular pores (DInterPs), dissolved intragranular pores (DIntrPs) and vugs (Vgs). Numerous SFs and DFs provide the main reservoir spaces for hydrocarbons. The reservoir quality of metamorphic rocks is primarily controlled by faults, fractures, lithofacies, minerals, dissolution and paleogeomorphology. Lithofacies and minerals are the internal factors that control dissolution and fragmentation, while paleogeomorphology and faults are the external factors that control fracture development. Leptite and granitic gneiss are high-quality reservoir lithofacies, and high paleogeomorphology areas and fault zones are the optimal locations for fractures and pores. Reservoir spaces undergo a series of repeated changes from formation to development, filling and reformation, and a comprehensive reservoir evolution model is proposed to illustrate the distribution of high-quality reservoirs. This study has scientific significance for investigating the reservoir-forming mechanisms of metamorphic rocks and practical applications for exploring and developing oil and gas fields in areas with metamorphic rocks. • Lithofacies characters of metamorphic rocks are identified from petrography and log responses in this study. • Reservoir pore spaces and petrophysical characteristics are described and investigated in the metamorphic rocks. • Controlling factors for reservoir formation are comprehensively analyzed. • A comprehensive reservoir evolution model is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fracture distribution and internal control factors after the fracturing of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs determine the reservoir reforming effect to a large extent. Based on the research of global scholars on the influencing factors of fracture propagation, comprehensive theoretical model, and numerical simulation, this Review systematically discusses the influence of internal geological factors and external engineering factors of unconventional oil and gas reservoir on fracture propagation behavior and summarizes the current problems and development trends in fracture research. The results show the following: (1) The fracture propagation is a comprehensive process constrained by lithology and mineral composition, water saturation, nonhomogeneity, natural weak surface, and ground stress. (2) External engineering factors have a meaningful control effect on fracture propagation; the type and temperature of fracturing fluids can also change the mechanical properties of different rocks, thus affecting the fracture propagation pattern. (3) The existing fracture propagation models have certain limitations, and their computational reliability still needs to be further verified. (4) Numerical simulation can break through the limitations of physical simulation, but different simulation methods have different shortcomings and applicability. In the future, we should focus on: (1) finding parameters to quantitatively characterize heterogeneity at the 3D level, which is an important direction to study the effect of heterogeneity on fracture propagation; (2) introducing computerized methods to establish a geological model that considers multiple factors and combining it with numerical simulation software to study fracture propagation; (3) considering the characteristics of fluid-liquid-solid phase comprehensively, establishing a suitable THL coupling equation; (4) how the interaction mode of fracturing fracture is combined with the natural fracture geometry, and how the fracture is affected by fracturing engineering parameters such as fluid injection rate and viscosity of fracturing fluid; and (5) geology-engineering dynamic integration, which is an important direction to be carried out in the future., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)

The tight oil reservoir in Linnan Sag has great potential, a wide distribution range, and large total predicted resources. The rapid accumulation and burial of sediments in multiple source directions have resulted in the characteristics of low porosity and low permeability of the Lower E s 3 in the Jiangjiadian area, Linnan Sag. Based on conventional core analysis data, mercury injection data, and oil testing data, this paper comprehensively determines the lower limit of effective physical properties of reservoirs in the Jiangjiadian area of Linnan Sag and studies its main influencing factors. The results show that (1) the lower E s 3 reservoir in the Jiangjiadian area of Linnan Sag mainly develops feldspar sandstone and lithic feldspar sandstone. The porosity is mainly distributed at about 12%, and the permeability is mainly distributed at 0.3 mD; (2) based on the study of reservoir characteristics, the empirical statistical method based on core analysis data and the pore-permeability intersection method, the mercury injection parameter method based on test data, and the oil test verification method are used to comprehensively determine the lower limit of physical properties in the study area. The lower limit of porosity is 7.87%, and the lower limit of permeability is 0.16 mD; (3) sedimentation mainly affects the lower limit of physical properties by controlling reservoir lithology and pore structure. The existence of compaction and cementation in diagenesis will reduce the reservoir porosity and affect the lower limit of effective physical properties. The secondary dissolution pores formed by dissolution have a certain improvement effect on the effective physical properties of the reservoir., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)

Objective: To evaluated the manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co) and molybdenum (Mo) levels in blood and urine among general population in China, and thereby to analyze their prevalent features., Methods: From 2009 to 2010, a total of 18 120 subjects of general population aged 6-60 years were recruited from 24 districts in 8 provinces in eastern, central and western China mainland, by cluster random sampling method. The information about their living environment and health status were collected by questionnaire, and their blood and urine samples were also collected.Inductive coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was applied to test the Mn, Co and Mo levels of blood and urine samples, and the Mn, Co, Mo distribution in blood and urine among groups of population in different ages and genders were then analyzed., Results: Among general population in China, the geometric mean (GM) of Mn concentration in blood was 8.98 µg/L. The Mn concentration in blood among males and females were separately 8.14 µg/L and 9.88 µg/L (Z = -18.84, P < 0.01). The GM of Mn concentration in urine was 0.63 µg/L. The Mn concentration in urine among males and females were separately 0.62 µg/L and 0.63 µg/L (Z = -0.67, P > 0.05). The geometric mean (GM) of Co concentration in blood was 0.194 µg/L. The Co concentration in blood among males and females were separately 0.166 µg/L and 0.225 µg/L (Z = -23.04, P < 0.01). The GM of Co concentration in urine was 0.282 µg/L. The Co concentration in urine among males and females were separately 0.260 µg/L and 0.307 µg/L (Z = -7.35, P < 0.01). The GM of Mo concentration in blood was 0.25 µg/L. The Mo concentration in blood among male and female group were separately 0.27 µg/L and 0.23 µg/L (Z = -5.03, P < 0.01). The GM of Mo concentration in urine was 27.7 µg/L. The Mo concentration in urine among males and females were 29.8 µg/L and 25.6 µg/L (Z = -6.31, P < 0.01), respectively., Conclusion: The Mn, Co and Mo levels in blood and urine varied by gender and area among general population in China, the study provided basic data evidence for the following Mn, Co and Mo biological monitoring studies in near future.

Objective: To investigate the level of zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) in whole blood among general population from 8 provinces in China, and to analyze the characteristics of distribution among different regions., Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in 8 provinces from eastern, middle and western China between 2009 and 2010, including 13 110 subjects from 24 regions, and the blood and urine samples were collected. The ICP-MS was applied to test the content of ICP-MS in blood samples, and the results were used to analyze the characteristics of contents and distributions of Zn and Cu among population from different ages, genders and regions groups., Results: Totally, the mean (95%CI) contents of Cu and Zn in blood were 795 (791-799)µg/L and 3 996(3 976-4 015) µg/L, respectively. The characteristics of distribution of Cu content were as followed, the content of males were lower than it of females (male:767 µg/L; female: 822 µg/L, t = -13.302, P < 0.01). The contents of blood Cu in groups of people aging 6-12, 13-16, 17-20, 21-30, 31-45 and 46-60 years old were separately 860(853-868), 758(748-769), 734(728-734), 782(774-790), 811(795-827) and 820(815-826) µg/L. The differences showed statistical significance (F = 78.77, P < 0.01). The blood Cu content of people in eastern China (800µg/L) were also significantly higher than it in middle (774 µg/L)and western China (782 µg/L) (F = 10.94, P < 0.01). Distribution of blood Zn content showed characteristics as follows: the Zn content was higher in males than in females (male 4 085 µg/L and female 3 908 µg/L, t = 8.78, P < 0.01). The contents of blood Zn in groups of people aging 6-12, 13-16, 17-20, 21-30, 31-45 and 46-60 years old were separately 3 306 (3 261-3 350), 3 888 (3 839-3 937), 3 948 (3 902-3 994), 4 272(4 228-4 315), 4 231(4 180-4 281) and 4 250 (4 205-4 294)µg/L, which showed significant statistical differences (F = 233.68, P < 0.01). The blood Zn content of people in eastern China (3 938 µg/L) were significantly lower than it in middle (4 237 µg/L)and western China (4 105 µg/L) (F = 53.16, P < 0.01). In addition, the study also compared the relation between content of Cu and Zn and the frequency of eating seafood. The results found that the frequency of eating seafood could influence the content of Cu and Zn (Cu: F = 13.54, P < 0.01; Zn: F = 200.20, P < 0.01)., Conclusion: The contents and distributions of Cu and Zn in blood differs among people from different groups in ages, genders and regions. The baseline data of this study provided reliable scientific evidence for further research.

Objective: To evaluate the levels of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in blood and urine among general population in China, and thereby analyze their prevalent features., Methods: A total of 18 120 subjects from general population aged 6-60 years were recruited from 24 districts in 8 provinces in eastern, central and western China mainland from 2009 to 2010, by cluster random sampling method. The blood samples and urine samples of these people were collected. The questionnaire survey was used to collect the information of the living environment and health conditions.Inductive coupled plasma mass spectrometry was applied to test the Pb and Cd levels in the samples, and the distribution of Pb and Cd in blood and urine for different ages, genders, areas and life habits were then analyzed., Results: Among the general population in China, the geometric mean (GM) of blood Pb concentration was 34.9 µg/L; the GM of blood Pb in male and female groups were 40.1 and 30.4 µg/L (Z = -28.05, P < 0.05), respectively; the GM from eastern, central and western China were 31.2, 38.8 and 58.9 µg/L (χ(2) = 1 483.33, P < 0.05) , respectively. The GM of urine Pb of the whole population was 1.05 µg/L;while the GM in male and female groups were 1.06 µg/L and 1.05 µg/L (Z = -0.73, P > 0.05) , respectively;the values from eastern, central and western China were 0.76, 2.85 and 3.22 µg/L (χ(2) = 1 982.11, P < 0.05), respectively. The GM of blood Cd concentration among general population was 0.49 µg/L; and the values in male and female group were 0.60 and 0.41 µg/L (Z = -11.79, P < 0.05) , respectively; the GM from eastern, central and western China were 0.45, 0.65 and 0.67 µg/L (χ(2) = 69.87, P < 0.05), respectively; the GM of urine Cd concentration of the whole population was 0.28 µg/L, while the GM in male and female groups were 0.29 and 0.28 µg/L (Z = -3.86, P < 0.05), respectively; the values from eastern, central and western China were 0.29,0.42 and 0.18 µg/L (χ(2) = 402.76, P < 0.05), respectively. the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient for Cd in blood and Cd in urine was 0.22, for Pb in blood and Pb in urine was 0.21. Both the correlations were statistic significant (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: The Pb and Cd levels in blood and urine were relatively higher among general population in China varying by gender and area. There were positive correlations between Pb and Cd levels in blood and those in urine.

Objective: To evaluated the levels of arsenic (As) in blood and urine among general population in China and analyze its influencing factors., Methods: A total of 18 120 subjects from general population aged 6-60 years were recruited from 24 districts in 8 provinces in eastern, central and western China mainland from 2009 to 2010, by cluster random sampling method. Blood samples and urine samples were collected, the information of the life-style was collected by questionnaire.Inductive coupled plasma mass spectrometry was applied to test the As level in the samples, and the distribution of As in blood and urine for different ages, genders, areas and life habits were then analyzed., Results: The geometric mean (GM) of blood As concentration among general population was 2.33 µg/L;the GM of blood As in male (2.35 µg/L) was higher than and female (2.30 µg/L) (Z = -1.42, P < 0.05); from eastern, central to western China, the blood As level were 2.94, 1.30 and 0.98 µg/L (χ(2) = 643.22, P < 0.05) , respectively; the GM in smokers (2.84 µg/L) was higher than non-smokers (2.27) (Z = -6.28, P < 0.05) ;the seafood consumer had a higher blood As level (2.59 µg/L) than people not consuming seafood (1.47 µg/L) (Z = -23.68, P < 0.05). The urine As level of the whole population was 13.72 µg/L;while its GM in male (14.10 µg/L) was higher than female (13.33 µg/L) (Z = -3.94, P < 0.05); the values from eastern, central to western China were 14.14, 16.02 and 9.57 µg/L (χ(2) = 353.89, P < 0.05), respectively;the level in smokers (16.06 µg/L) was higher than nonsmokers (13.70 µg/L) (Z = -2.63, P < 0.05); the level in seafood consumers (14.82 µg/L) was higher than people not consuming seafood (10.99 µg/L) (Z = -3.20, P < 0.05). The blood As level had a positive correlation with urine As level (correlation coefficient:0.285, P < 0.05)., Conclusion: The As level in blood and urine varied by gender and area among general population in China, and related to life-styles. There was a positive correlation between As level in blood and that in urine.

Objective: To assess the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons monohydroxy metabolites in urine of general population in China among 8 provinces, provide the baseline of the metabolites in the general population., Methods: From 2009 to 2010, 18 120 subjects of general population aged 6-60 years old were recruited from 24 areas among 8 provinces in east, west and central areas of China mainland by cluster random sampling. The information of the living environment and health condition were collected by questionnaire and spot urine samples were collected, 4 680 urine samples were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, and monohydroxy metabolites distribution in urine among groups of gender and ages were analysed., Results: Geometric means (GM) of 2-naphthol, 1-naphthol, 3-phenanthrol and 1-hydroxypyrene concentration in urine (95%CI) were 1.85 (1.75-1.95), 1.55 (1.50-1.61), 0.57 (0.54-0.59) and 0.82 (0.78-0.85) µg/L, respectively;and median are 2.44, <0.50, 0.72 and 0.90 µg/L, respectively. The concentration between male and female were significantly different (P < 0.01), and the concentration among the groups of population were significantly different (P < 0.01), the GM of 2-naphthol among the groups of population aged 6-12, 13-16, 17-20, 21-30, 31-45 and 46-60 years old were 1.60, 1.56, 1.69, 2.23, 1.91 and 1.86 µg/L (χ(2) = 17.90, P < 0.01), the GM of 1-naphthol in the groups were 1.30, 1.16, 1.53, 1.68, 1.80 and 1.52 µg/L (χ(2) = 76.22, P < 0.01), the GM of 3-phenanthrol in the groups were 0.78, 0.76, 0.55, 0.42, 0.50 and 0.99 µg/L (χ(2) = 66.48, P < 0.01), the GM of 1-hydroxypyrene in the groups were 0.77,0.64, 1.00, 0.84, 0.84 and 0.57 µg/L (χ(2) = 51.48, P < 0.01), respectively., Conclusion: The distribution of monohydroxy metabolites levels in urine of general population were different, it provided a basic data for the further study of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons biomonitoring in the population.

Unlabelled: To reveal the effects of soybean milk with chromium fortification on the blood glucose and lipid of diabetic rat dealt with alloxan. The alloxan diabetic rats were divided into three groups and were fed continuously with the soybean milk without chromium fortification [Cr 0.25 microgram/(d.kg BW)], and with low chromium [Cr 30 micrograms/(d.kg BW)] and high chromium fortification [Cr 300 micrograms/(d.kg BW)] respectively for four weeks. The blood samples from all experimental rats tail vine were obtained each week. Blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, very low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein and insulin were tested., Results: The concentrations of blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, very low-density lipoprotein and insulin were lowered significantly, and high-density lipoprotein was elevated significantly in the rats fed by soybean milk with high chromium fortification during the experimental period. The effect of improving blood glucose concentration in the group of soybean milk with high chromium fortification is significantly better than that in other groups., Conclusion: The present investigation indicates that soybean milk with chromium fortification can improve glucose and lipid metabolism of diabetic rat, and has a potential use in the diabetes mellitus prevention and control.