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The Victorian influenza season in 2006 remained within normal seasonal activity thresholds and was relatively mild compared with recent years. The season peaked in mid-August, with influenza-like illness (ILI) rates from general practitioner sentinel surveillance and the Melbourne Medical Locum Service (MMLS), and cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza notified to the Department of Human Services, reaching their zeniths within one week of each other. A total of 74 general practitioners (GPs) participated in the sentinel surveillance in 2006, reporting a total of 136,732 consultations during the surveillance period from May to September inclusive. Participating GPs reported a total of 765 patients with an ILI; an average ILI rate of 5.6 cases per 1,000 consultations. The average ILI rate from the MMLS in the same period was 8.5 cases per 1,000 call-outs. Eighty-two per cent of laboratory-confirmed influenza notifications during the surveillance period were type A; the remainder were type B. Typing indicated circulation of two predominant strains during the season: A/Wisconsin/67/2005(H3N2)-like virus and B/Malaysia/2506/2004-like virus. The influenza vaccine for 2006 contained A/New Caledonia/20/ 99(H1N1)-like virus, A/California/7/2004(H3N2)-like virus and B/Malaysia/2506/2004-like virus.