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Introduction: With vast improvements in imaging and endoscopic technology, there has been a massive shift towards in office procedures for various laryngeal disorders with significant health system and patient benefits. Another benefit which has yet to be investigated is the potential environmental effects and waste reduction of in‐office laryngeal procedures over traditional operating room surgery. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to perform a waste audit and compare the results between operating room and in‐office laser laryngeal surgery. Methods: Ten cases of in‐office and operating room laser laryngeal surgery, performed for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, were subjected to a waste audit with four waste streams identified. Recyclable, general waste, anesthesia source and sharps. All waste was included from the time of case preparation to termination. Results: The cases were extremely homogeneous in the waste produced. The mean waste total produced for the operating room laser surgery was 2972 g of which 18% was recoverable/recyclable. Contamination rate was very low. Recycling was performed very well by nursing/prep staff; however, anesthesia was not recovering 13% of potential materials. The in‐office waste produced was approximately one tenth of the operating room waste with almost all delegated into general waste. Potentially divertible/recyclable materials accounted for 38% of the waste in‐office procedures. Conclusions: In‐office laryngeal procedures produce 13% of waste compared to surgery performed for similar pathology. These procedures are cost effective, safe and have been demonstrated to enhance environmental sustainability. Level of Evidence: NA Laryngoscope, 134:803–806, 2024 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a drastic impact on the course of everyday life for much of the world's population and many people have experienced an unprecedented increase in anxiety and depression while their access to a range of coping mechanisms has been reduced. For those privileged enough to have nearby and safe access to natural environments, green and blue spaces have become an important enabler of everyday wellbeing. In this paper we explore the role of everyday interactions with nature for the maintenance of wellbeing, during the first and second 'wave' of infections in the Netherlands. Based on qualitative interviews with 30 participants in spring/summer and autumn of 2020, we detail how relationships with nature in the local surroundings and in the home qualitatively and effectively changed in response to COVID-19 induced confinement, resulting in the becoming-therapeutic of everyday micro-geographies. Amongst our participants, the conditions of semi-lockdown gave rise to increased interactions with nature, both in their outdoor surroundings and in the home. These increased interactions also led to intensified emotional and sensory experiences with nature and a greater sense of familiarity with their surroundings, which strengthened place-attachments and contributed to an increased sense of wellbeing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzed the proportion of industrial land to urban construction land on the basis of available data of China's urban land utilization, study the main factors influencing the proportion of industrial land of China's cities. According to the study results, the proportion of industrial land in most China's cities did not comply with the reference standard of 15%~30%; the solid-state distribution gravity of the current proportion to urban industrial land and the span of agglomeration range were obviously deviated from the standard value scope; the proportion of industrial land showed certain administrative grade, region and scale agglomeration characteristics, and the cities suffering with larger proportion of industrial land in geographical space were mostly distributed within the traditional industrial base and the industrial belt.

There is an ever increasing interest in studying dynamic-pressure dependent phenomena utilizing dynamic Diamond Anvil Cells (dDACs), devices capable of a highly controlled rate of compression. Here, we characterize and compare the compression rate of dDACs in which the compression is actuated via three different methods: (1) stepper motor (S-dDAC), (2) gas membrane (M-dDAC), and (3) piezoactuator (P-dDAC). The compression rates of these different types of dDAC were determined solely on millisecond time-resolved R1-line fluorescence of a ruby sphere located within the sample chamber. Furthermore, these different dynamic compression-techniques have been described and characterized over a broad temperature and pressure range from 10 to 300 K and 0–50 GPa. At room temperature, piezoactuation (P-dDAC) has a clear advantage in controlled extremely fast compression, having recorded a compression rate of ∼7 TPa/s, which is also found to be primarily influenced by the charging time of the piezostack. At 40–250 K, gas membranes (M-dDAC) have also been found to generate rapid compression of ∼0.5–3 TPa/s and are readily interfaced with moderate cryogenic and ultrahigh vacuum conditions. Approaching more extreme cryogenic conditions (<10 K), a stepper motor driven lever arm (S-dDAC) offers a solution for high-precision moderate compression rates in a regime where P-dDACs and M-dDACs can become difficult to incorporate. The results of this paper demonstrate the applicability of different dynamic compression techniques, and when applied, they can offer us new insights into matter's response to strain, which is highly relevant to physics, geoscience, and chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A polyelectrolyte microcapsule-based layer-by-layer (LbL) technique has been widely used as a multifunctional vehicle for combined tumor therapy. Meanwhile, with the rapid development of combined tumour therapy, the challenge for designing multifunctional drug delivery system has attracted much more attention. Herein, we developed a new type of microcapsule (MC) system called MPA@siRNA@DOX@MC, which conjugated with siRNA and DOX as well as ICG-Der-02 (MPA) by electrostatic absorption. MPA as indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence dye, exhibiting high fluorescence emission and photothermal conversion ability under NIR laser irradiation, was uploaded onto this drug system for realizing the controllable drug release and cancer theranostics. In addition, the results revealed that MPA@siRNA@DOX@MC possessed several ideal properties including high drug-loading capacity, excellent siRNA transfection efficiency, siRNA sequence protection and remarkably improved tumour-targeting capacity. Moreover, the combined therapy based on this drug system displayed improved therapeutic efficacy and negligible side effects both in vivo and in vitro experiment. Ultimately, MPA@siRNA@DOX@MC drug delivery system successfully combined the photothermal therapy and chemotherapy with controlled siRNA sequence silencing may have a promising potential in combined tumor therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neuroendocrine adenoma of the middle ear has been described in literature as middle ear adenoma with neuroendocrine differentiation or carcinoid tumor. While there have been several case reports describing imaging features of carcinoid tumors of the ear and middle ear adenomas, in our literature review, we have not found a single case where bone formation is described as a prominent radiological feature. We report a first documented case of middle ear carcinoid tumor with new bone formation demonstrated on CT imaging and performed a review literature regarding the tumor. A differential diagnosis of neuroendocrine adenoma of the middle ear should be considered when there is prominent bone formation with a soft tissue mass in the middle ear on CT imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The high levels of low-pleasure beliefs are reported in patients with schizophrenia. However, it is still unclear about the mechanisms of the development and maintenance of these low-pleasure beliefs in this clinical group. In the present study, we aimed to examine how patients with schizophrenia would update their beliefs when receiving information about daily life events, and to explore why patients with schizophrenia would maintain these biased beliefs regarding positive experiences. Methods Thirty-six out-patients with schizophrenia and thirty demographically matched healthy controls were recruited to complete the belief updating task that was designed to examine the pattern of belief updating. The task included 43 positive and 27 negative daily life events in total. Each trial began with the presentation of a positive/negative life event on the center of screen, and participants were instructed to estimate the probability of experiencing it in the next month. After the first estimation, they were shown the average probability of this event happening to a person in the similar socio-cultural environment and were asked to re-estimate the likelihood of this event. All participants received either good news (the average probability better than expected) or bad news (the average probability worse than expected). Belief update scores were calculated as the difference between the first and the second estimated probabilities, and were used to assess how much the participants incorporated new information into their beliefs. The 2(News: good/bad news) × 2(Group: schizophrenia patients/healthy controls) repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze the update scores for positive events and negative events separately. The differences in estimation errors, differences in memory, and differences in number of trials were entered as covariates. Results For positive events, there was a significant main effect of News (F(1, 58) = 4.625, p= 0.036, η2p=0.074) and Group (F(1, 58) = 5.421, p= 0.023, η2p=0.085). The interaction effect between News and Group was marginally significant (F(1, 58) = 2.924, p= 0.093, η2p=0.048). Subsequent analysis revealed that schizophrenia patients showed negative bias in belief updating, specifically, they updated their beliefs to a greater extent in response to bad news than good news, while healthy controls had no bias in updating in response to good and bad news. For negative events, no significant difference was observed in the main effect (News: F(1, 58) = 1.838, p= 0.180, η2p=0.031; Group: F(1, 58) = 0.023 p= 0.881, η2p=0.000) and the interaction effect (F(1, 58) = 0.979, p= 0.327, η2p=0.017). Patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls all updated their beliefs to a greater extent in response to good news than bad news. Discussion Patients with schizophrenia tended to exhibit negative bias in belief updating only for positive events, but not for negative events. Such a pattern may be crucial for the maintenance of these low pleasure beliefs in these patients. These results highlight the importance of belief updating intervention for patients with schizophrenia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB), the members of sediment microorganisms, play an important role in geochemical iron-cycling and sediment magnetism. This study aimed to investigate the diversity and magnetism contribution of MTB in three volcanic barrier lakes with different waterbody types (open waterbody, YC; semi-enclosed waterbody, WB; and enclosed waterbody, YYP). High-throughput sequencing results showed that MTB affiliated to Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria and Nitrospira distributed widely in these lakes. The genera of Magnetococcus (98.10%) and Candidatus Magnetoovum (1.47%) were endemic to YC and WB, respectively. The changes in frequency-dependent susceptibility (χ fd) values before and after magnetic collection in YC, WB and YYP samples were − 0.28%, 0.05% and − 0.22%, respectively. The magnetic susceptibility was significantly associated with Chao1 (R2 = 0.637 to 0.763, p <.01) and Shannon index (R2 = 0.803 to 0.998, p <.01). The room- and low-temperature magnetic characteristics of sediment samples were analyzed by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and radio-frequency superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). Results indicated that the presence or absence of MTB could lead to the changes in the room- and low-temperature magnetism of volcanic lake sediments, which would extend our knowledge of MTB magnetism contribution to volcanic ecosystems. Unlabelled Image • The diversity of MTB decreased from open to closed to semi-closed water body. • Sediment magnetism with and without MTB were recorded by susceptibility meter, VSM and SQUID. • Significant relationships exist between χ fd value and diversity index (p <.01). • MTB obviously affected room- and low-temperature magnetism of sediments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Recent evidence highlights the fact that immunotherapy has significantly improved patient outcomes. CD93, as a type I transmembrane glycoprotein, was correlated with tumor-associated angiogenesis; however, how CD93 correlates with immunotherapy in stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) remains unclear., Methods: TCGA, GTEx, GEO, TIMER2.0, HPA, TISIDB, TCIA, cBioPortal, LinkedOmics, and ImmuCellAI public databases were used to elucidate CD93 in STAD. Visualization and statistical analysis of data were performed by R (Version 4.1.3), GraphPad (Version 8.0.1), and QuPath (Version 0.3.2)., Results: CD93 was highly expressed in STAD compared with adjacent normal tissues. The overexpression of CD93 was significantly correlated with a poor prognosis in STAD. There was a negative correlation between CD93 expression levels with CD93 mutation and methylation in STAD. Our results revealed that CD93 expression was positively associated with most immunosuppressive genes (including PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, and LAG3), immunostimulatory genes, HLA, chemokine, and chemokine receptor proteins in STAD. Furthermore, in STAD, CD93 was noticeably associated with the abundance of multiple immune cell infiltration levels. Functional HALLMARK and KEGG term enhancement analysis of CD93 through Gene Set Enrichment Analysis was correlated with the process of the angiogenesis pathway. Subsequently, digital image analysis results by QuPath revealed that the properties of CD93 + cells were statistically significant in different regions of stomach cancer and normal stomach tissue. Finally, we utilized external databases, including GEO, TISIDB, ImmuCellAI, and TCIA, to validate that CD93 plays a key role in the immunotherapy of STAD., Conclusion: Our study reveals that CD93 is a potential oncogene and is an indicative biomarker of a worse prognosis and exerts its immunomodulatory properties and potential possibilities for immunotherapy in STAD., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Wu, Fu, Guo, Hu, Li, Shi, Zhang, Han, Lv and Tian.)

Through a series of x-ray diffraction, optical spectroscopy diamond anvil cell experiments, combined with density functional theory calculations, we explore the dense CH&#95;{4}-H&#95;{2} system. We find that pressures as low as 4.8 GPa can stabilize CH&#95;{4}(H&#95;{2})&#95;{2} and (CH&#95;{4})&#95;{2}H&#95;{2}, with the latter exhibiting extreme hardening of the intramolecular vibrational mode of H&#95;{2} units within the structure. On further compression, a unique structural composition, (CH&#95;{4})&#95;{3}(H&#95;{2})&#95;{25}, emerges. This novel structure holds a vast amount of molecular hydrogen and represents the first compound to surpass 50 wt % H&#95;{2}. These compounds, stabilized by nuclear quantum effects, persist over a broad pressure regime, exceeding 160 GPa.

Objective: ERCC4 is one of the most significant molecules of Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER), which has been researched due to its high expression in colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to find out the ceRNA (competitive endogenous RNA) network of ERCC4 in CRC., Methods and Materials: Pan cancer mRNA expression of ERCC4 was evaluated using TCGA database. The protein expression of ERCC4 was evaluated based on the Human Protein Atlas (HPA). We screened DElncRNAs and DEmiRNAs in two groups of ERCC4 high and ERCC4 low expression in CRC. Then a lncRNA-miRNA- ERCC4 regulatory network was constructed based on DElncRNAs and DEmiRNAs using Starbase database and visualized by Cytoscape software. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to evaluate the prognostic value of the ceRNA network. Further, RT-PCR was performed to validate the expression of the representative molecules in the ceRNA network in CRC and normal tissues. The relationship between drug sensitivity and these molecules were also evaluated using RNAactDrug database., Results: ERCC4 was overexpressed in a variety of tumors at mRNA levels, including CRC. High expression of ERCC4 was also observed on protein level in CRC. A total of 1,885 DElncRNAs and 68 DEmiRNAs were identified from CRC samples in ERCC4 high and ERCC4 low expression groups. Predicted by the Starbase database, we got interacting miRNAs and lncRNAs of ERCC4 from the DEmiRNAs and DElncRNAs, and a lncRNA-miRNA- ERCC4 regulatory network was constructed. Kaplan-Meier survival curves results showed that miR-200c-3p (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.62, P = 0.032), MALAT1 (HR = 1.54, P = 0.016), and AC005520.2 (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.75, P = 0.002) were significantly associated with the prognosis of CRC. After validation by RT-PCR, we found that ERCC4 and MALAT1 were up-regulated in CRC compared with normal tissues, while miR-200c-3p was down-regulated. A strong negative correlation was observed between MALAT1 and miR-200c-3p. Drug sensitivity analysis showed that ERCC4 , miR-200c and MALAT1 were all associated with Cisplatin., Conclusion: We constructed a ceRNA network of ERCC4 in CRC, of which the MALAT1-miR-200c-3p- ERCC4 axis may be involved in the development, prognosis and chemotherapy sensitivity of CRC. These findings might provide novel clues and insights on the molecular mechanisms of ERCC4 and NER pathway in CRC., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (© 2021 Hu et al.)

The chalcogens are known to react with one another to form interchalcogens, which exhibit a diverse range of bonding and conductive behavior due to the difference in electronegativity between the group members. Through a series of high-pressure diamond anvil experiments combined with density functional theory calculations, we report the synthesis of an S-Se hydride. At pressures above 4 GPa we observe the formation of a single solid composed of both H 2 Se and H 2 S molecular units. Further compression in a hydrogen medium leads to the formation of an alloyed compound (H 2 S x Se 1- x ) 2 H 2 , after which there is a sequence of pressure-induced phase transitions associated with the arrested rotation of molecules. At pressures above 50 GPa, there is a symmetrization of hydrogen bonds concomitantly with a closing band gap and increased reflectivity of the compound, indicative of a transition to a metallic state.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) combined with oxygenating strategies is widely employed in cancer treatment; however, oxygen-boosted PDT has failed to achieve an ideal effect due to the complexity, heterogeneity, and irreversible hypoxic environment generated by tumor tissues. With the emergence of Fe-dependent ferroptosis boasting reactive oxygen species (ROS) cytotoxicity as well, such a chemodynamic approach to cancer therapy has drawn extensive attention. In this study, hemoglobin (Hb) is connected with the photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6) to construct a 2-in-1 nanoplatform (SRF@Hb-Ce6) with Sorafenib (SRF, ferroptosis promotor) loaded, combining oxygen-boosted PDT and potent ferroptosis. Benefiting from the intrinsic presence of Fe capable of binding oxygen, hemoglobin concurrently furnishes oxygen for oxygen-dependent PDT and Fe for Fe-dependent ferroptosis. Furthermore, amphiphilic MMP2-responsive peptide is incorporated into the skeleton of the nanoplatform to ensure drug-release specificity for safety improvement. Correlative measurements demonstrate the potentiation of PDT and ferroptosis with SRF@Hb-Ce6. More importantly, PDT strengthens ferroptosis by recruiting immune cells to secrete IFN-γ, which can sensitize the tumor to ferroptosis in our findings. The therapeutic effect of synergistic treatment with SRF@Hb-Ce6 in vitro and in vivo was proven significant, revealing the promising prospects of combined PDT and ferroptosis therapy with the 2-in-1 nanoplatform.

Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans YQH-1 is a moderate acidophilic bacterium isolated from a river in a volcano of Northeast China. Here, we describe the draft genome of strain YQH-1, which was assembled into 123 contigs containing 3,111,222 bp with a G + C content of 58.63%. A large number of genes related to carbon dioxide fixation, dinitrogen fixation, pH tolerance, heavy metal detoxification, and oxidative stress defense were detected. The genome sequence can be accessed at DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank under the accession no. LJBT00000000.

Leptospirillum sp. YQP-1, a member of iron-oxidizing bacteria was isolated from volcanic lake in northeast China. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of the strain YQP-1 with a total genome size of 3,103,789 bp from 85 scaffolds (104 contigs) with 58.64% G + C content. The genome sequence can be accessed at DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank under the accession no. LIEB00000000.