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Introduction Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common sexually transmitted virus that infects over 13 million people every year. Over 80% of sexually active adults will acquire HPV at some point in their lives, which is concerning since certain high-risk strains of HPV can cause six types of cancer. Vaccination against HPV is safe and effective, but despite high vaccine efficacy, vaccination rates are low among both service members and civilians. Materials and methods We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional study to identify the percentage of United States Military Academy (USMA) Cadets who had received at least one HPV vaccine and those who completed the vaccine series. Deidentified vaccination and demographic data were retrieved from the Defense Health Agency Military Health System Data Repository (MDR) for all Cadets who were enrolled at USMA between January 2018 and May 2022 (graduating classes of 2018-2025). To identify the population of Cadets for our study and confirm presence of "any" vaccine in the MDR, Tdap vaccination information was also retrieved. The study population was defined as any Cadet who was enrolled at USMA between January 2018 and May 2022 (graduating classes of 2018-2025) and had record of an HPV and/or Tdap vaccine in the MDR. We compared demographic information between the identified population and known demographics of the USMA population to confirm that the retrieved data were consistent with population demographics. Descriptive statistics were performed to identify demographic differences based on vaccinated and unvaccinated Cadets and to determine the percentage of Cadets who received at least one HPV vaccine. Vaccine series completion was defined as the receipt of three HPV vaccine doses among those who reported receiving at least one dose of HPV vaccine or two doses if vaccinated before the age 15. Results A total of 9,567 Cadets were assessed for eligibility with 9,433 having Tdap and/or HPV vaccine on record. Of these Cadets, 5,738/9,433 (60.8%) had received at least one HPV vaccine. Of those starting the series, 4,492 completed the two- or three-dose series for a completion rate of 47.6%. We found HPV vaccine completion rate among female Cadets (55.6%) is higher than that of male Cadets (45.2%). More Cadets from minority groups received one vaccine; however, full completion rates were similar for both the groups (48.1%). In contrast, the percentage of Cadets vaccinated against Tdap was 97.2%. Most of those vaccinated received their first vaccine between the ages of 11 and 15 (53.0%) and their final vaccine after they turned 16 (68.9%). Conclusion Though the vaccination rate among the Corps of Cadets is comparable to the public, it is still less than the 80.0% goal set by the Healthy People 2030 objective. Based on these results, we recommend that the USMA modify its policy on HPV vaccine administration to encourage more vaccine uptake. We also conclude that further studies on the rationale for avoiding the vaccine are necessary to better inform educational campaigns and mitigate stigma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background High-risk human papillomavirus causes cervical cancer. Vaccines have been developed that significantly reduce the incidence of preinvasive and invasive disease. This population-based observational study used linked screening, immunization, and cancer registry data from Scotland to assess the influence of age, number of doses, and deprivation on the incidence of invasive disease following administration of the bivalent vaccine. Methods Data for women born between January 1, 1988, and June 5, 1996, were extracted from the Scottish cervical cancer screening system in July 2020 and linked to cancer registry, immunization, and deprivation data. Incidence of invasive cervical cancer per 100 000 person-years and vaccine effectiveness were correlated with vaccination status, age at vaccination, and deprivation; Kaplan Meier curves were calculated. Results No cases of invasive cancer were recorded in women immunized at 12 or 13 years of age irrespective of the number of doses. Women vaccinated at 14 to 22 years of age and given 3 doses of the bivalent vaccine showed a significant reduction in incidence compared with all unvaccinated women (3.2/100 000 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.1 to 4.6] vs 8.4 [95% CI = 7.2 to 9.6]). Unadjusted incidence was significantly higher in women from most deprived (Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation 1) than least deprived (Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation 5) areas (10.1/100 000 [95% CI = 7.8 to 12.8] vs 3.9 [95% CI = 2.6 to 5.7]). Women from the most deprived areas showed a significant reduction in incidence following 3 doses of vaccine (13.1/100 000 [95% CI = 9.95 to 16.9] vs 2.29 [95% CI = 0.62 to 5.86]). Conclusion Our findings confirm that the bivalent vaccine prevents the development of invasive cervical cancer and that even 1 or 2 doses 1 month apart confer benefit if given at 12-13 years of age. At older ages, 3 doses are required for statistically significant vaccine effectiveness. Women from more deprived areas benefit more from vaccination than those from less deprived areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACTDespite the ongoing global vaccination campaign aimed at preventing human papillomavirus (HPV) related health issues, the uptake of the HPV vaccine remains unacceptably low in developing regions, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at determining the pooled prevalence and associated factors of HPV vaccine uptake among adolescent school girls in SSA. Electronic bio-medical databases were explored. Pooled prevalence, publication bias, meta-regression, sub-group, and sensitivity analysis were performed. The estimated pooled prevalence of HPV vaccine uptake was 28.53% [95% CI: (5.25, 51.81)]. Having good knowledge and a positive attitude was significantly associated with HPV vaccine uptake in SSA. Subgroup analysis revealed the highest uptake was 62.52% from Kenya and the lowest was 3.77% in Nigeria. The HPV vaccine uptake is low. It underscores the need for community education, school-based immunization, and education programs that promote the uptake of the vaccine to increase coverage.

Introduction: Globally, cervical cancer(CC) is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the leading cause of CC. Persistent infection with HPV accounts for 90% of all CC cases. The human papillomavirus vaccine has the great potential to prevent HPV-related infections for millions of women and men. The current study aimed to assess knowledge and perceptions towards the HPV vaccine and its determinants among women who have eligible daughters in Debre Berhan City, Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2, 2023, to May 15, 2023. A multistage sampling procedure was used to recruit 607 women participants. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize socio-demographic data. Univariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were performed to measure the associations between the dependent and independent variables. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: More than three-fourths of the participants, 479 individuals (80%) were currently married, and 243(40.1%) had a diploma or higher education level. Of 456(75.12) participants reported, they had information about cervical cancer. For 449(73.9%) of the participants, television was the main evidence. The majority of 352(59.99%) participants knew the HPV vaccine could be offered to a female child aged 9-14 years old. Only 215(35.4%) participants think the HPV vaccine was safe and effective. Women who had a degree and above educational level were about 9 times more likely to have good knowledge about the HPV vaccine than study participants who did not read and write (AOR=9.21; 95% CI=2.82-12.16; p=0.004). Women who did not have information about the HPV vaccine before this study were about 80% less likely to have a positive perception of the HPV vaccine than participants who had earlier information about the HPV vaccine (AOR=0.8; 95%CI=0.63-0.49; P=003). Conclusion: Women had poor knowledge and perceptions about the HPV vaccine. Maternal marital status, age, and having information about the HPV vaccine were the only predictors of women's knowledge of the HPV vaccine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Veneto Region, HPV vaccine has been actively offered to 12 year-old females since 2008, and to 12 year-old males since 2015. The study aims to analyze the safety profile of HPV4v and HPV9v vaccines and perform a case-by-case review of conditions of interest.Spontaneous reports related to HPV uploaded to the database of the Regional Pharmacovigilance Center between 2008–2022 were included. HPV vaccine doses administered until April 2022 in the Veneto Region were considered to calculate the reporting rate (RR).Potential “safety concerns” examined as conditions of interest were included through Standardized MedDRA or preferred terms searching queries. The level of diagnostic certainty was evaluated as per the Brighton Collaboration case definition criteria.A total of 637 reports and 1316 Adverse Events Following Immunizations (AEFI) were retrieved: 469 for HPV4v (73.6 %) and 168 for HPV9v (26.4 %). Serious reports were 71 (11.1 %): 49 (10.4 %) for HPV4v and 22 (13.1 %) for HPV9v. The RR for serious events between 2008–2022 was 6.9/100,000 administered doses, with no differences by vaccine type. Females and adults showed higher overall RR compared to males and to children and adolescents (p

Abstract Objective Understanding HPV vaccination willingness and its influencing factors among female sex workers (FSWs) in entertainment venues in an urban area of Guangxi, China. Methods From 15 August to 15 October 2022, FSWs in entertainment venues with commercial sex trade in an urban area of Guangxi were selected as the study subjects for the questionnaire survey using the method of intentional sampling. The questionnaire based on the information-motivation-behavior (IMB) skills model was used to collect the basic characteristics, HPV and HPV vaccine-related information and cognition, motivation to vaccinate, behavioral skills and willingness to vaccinate from the research targets. A multifactor logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors influencing the research targets' willingness to receive HPV vaccination. Results Of the 921 research targets, 712 (77.31%) were willing to receive HPV vaccination. The higher the level of knowledge regarding HPV and HPV vaccine-related information, the higher the motivation for HPV vaccination. In addition, the higher the behavioral skills score, the higher the willingness of FSWs in entertainment venues to receive HPV vaccination (P

Objective: Understanding HPV vaccination willingness and its influencing factors among female sex workers (FSWs) in entertainment venues in an urban area of Guangxi, China. Methods: From 15 August to 15 October 2022, FSWs in entertainment venues with commercial sex trade in an urban area of Guangxi were selected as the study subjects for the questionnaire survey using the method of intentional sampling. The questionnaire based on the information-motivation-behavior (IMB) skills model was used to collect the basic characteristics, HPV and HPV vaccine-related information and cognition, motivation to vaccinate, behavioral skills and willingness to vaccinate from the research targets. A multifactor logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors influencing the research targets' willingness to receive HPV vaccination. Results: Of the 921 research targets, 712 (77.31%) were willing to receive HPV vaccination. The higher the level of knowledge regarding HPV and HPV vaccine-related information, the higher the motivation for HPV vaccination. In addition, the higher the behavioral skills score, the higher the willingness of FSWs in entertainment venues to receive HPV vaccination (P<0.001). FSWs in entertainment venues with lower venue grades [OR(95% CI)=0.693 (0.539, 0.891), P=0.004] were more reluctant to receive HPV vaccination. Those who favored the effectiveness of the vaccine in preventing the disease [OR(95% CI)=2.144 (1.449, 3.174), P<0.001] and those who had heard of HPV vaccine [OR(95% CI)=2.105 (1.451, 3.054), P<0.001], were able to perceive the benefits of HPV vaccination [OR(95% CI)=1.134 (1.045, 1.230), P=0.002]. These individuals acquired greater behavioral skills i.e., self-decision making for HPV vaccination [OR(95% CI)=1.130 (1.008, 1.267), P=0.036] and self-efficacy [OR(95% CI)=1.135 (1.081, 1.191), P<0.001] and they were more willing to receive HPV vaccine. Conclusions: There was a relatively high HPV vaccination willingness among FSWs in entertainment venues in an urban area of Guangxi, China. Attention should be focused on introducing the benefits of primary prevention measures such as the HPV vaccine for individuals and behavioral skills for HPV vaccination in order to increase their willingness to be vaccinated thus increasing their HPV vaccination rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination has shown high efficacy against anal HPV infection and lesions in clinical trials, and the HPV prevalence and type distribution in anal precancers and cancer predict a high preventable potential for HPV vaccination. However, the real-world effectiveness of HPV vaccination against anal high-grade lesions and cancer is yet to be shown. Methods We investigated HPV vaccine effectiveness against anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) or worse in a nationwide cohort including all Danish women aged 17-32 years during October 2006 to December 2021 (n = 968 881). HPV vaccinations and first occurrence of anal HSIL or worse were retrieved from nationwide registries. Women were considered vaccinated after first dose and classified by age at vaccination. Using Cox regression, hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for anal HSIL or worse according to vaccination status. Results During follow-up, the number of incident histological anal HSIL or worse cases was 37 in unvaccinated women, and less than 5 and 26 in women vaccinated at ages younger than 17 years and 17-32 years, respectively. The overall number of cancers was less than 5. Compared with unvaccinated women, the risk of histological anal HSIL or worse was reduced for women vaccinated at age younger than 17 years (HR = 0.30, 95% CI = 0.10 to 0.87). For women vaccinated at age 17-32 years, the hazard rate of anal HSIL or worse was 1.21 (95% CI = 0.73 to 2.03). Conclusion This is the first study to demonstrate that HPV vaccination at a younger age is associated with substantially reduced risk of anal HSIL or worse in the general population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Studies reported that early diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of cervical cancer are influenced by knowledge, beliefs, and attitude toward screening. This descriptive-comparative study aimed to assess human papilloma virus (HPV) knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs in university students and the affecting factors and to compare between Turkish and Ghanaian students. Methods: The sample consists of 933 university students studying in 4 different faculties in 2 universities from Turkey and Ghana. The data were collected between November 2019 and February 2020. The study's data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance, Pearson Correlation test, t-test, and Mann–Whitney U test. Results: The findings of the study showed that none of the students in both countries had HPV vaccination. It was found that students have low level of knowledge about HPV infection and vaccine (3.28 ± 2.14) and positive attitudes (16.57 ± 3.28) and beliefs (36.74 ± 6.55) toward vaccine. The attitude score of the Ghanaian students (17.54 ± 3.23) was found to be significantly higher than the Turkish students (15.74 ± 3.09). The knowledge score of the Ghanaian students who had sexual intercourse was found to be significantly higher than others. The findings of the study revealed that the students of both countries had low level of knowledge about HPV infection and vaccine and positive attitudes and beliefs toward the vaccine. Conclusions: It is recommended to increase effective interventions to increase the knowledge level of university students about HPV infection and vaccine. In addition, the vaccine should be included in the immunization program in both countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IntroductionGlobally, cervical cancer(CC) is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the leading cause of CC. Persistent infection with HPV accounts for 90% of all CC cases. The human papillomavirus vaccine has the great potential to prevent HPV-related infections for millions of women and men. The current study aimed to assess knowledge and perceptions towards the HPV vaccine and its determinants among women who have eligible daughters in Debre Berhan City, Ethiopia.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2, 2023, to May 15, 2023. A multistage sampling procedure was used to recruit 607 women participants. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize socio-demographic data. Univariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were performed to measure the associations between the dependent and independent variables. A p-value of

Abstract Background Cervical cancer is the most common Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)-related disease among women. Since 2008, HPV vaccination has been routinely recommended for pre-adolescent and adolescent girls in Uganda as the primary preventive measure for cervical cancer. However, in Uganda, most especially in Lira district, there is limited literature on HPV vaccination uptake and associated factors among girls aged 9-14years. This study assessed the uptake of HPV vaccine and associated factors among in-school girls aged 9–14 years in Lira City, northern Uganda. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 245 primary school girls aged 9–14 years in Lira City, northern Uganda. Multistage sampling technique was used to sample eligible participants and data was collected using interviewer administered questionnaire. Data was analysed using SPSS version 23.0. Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression at 95% level of significance were used to identify the level of HPV vaccine uptake and predictors respectively. Results HPV vaccination uptake was at 19.6% (95% CI,14.8–25.1) among the school girls aged 9–14 years in Lira City, northern Uganda. The mean age of the girls was 12.11 (± 1.651) years. Predictors that were independently associated with HPV vaccine uptake included; recommendation from health worker [aOR 9.09, 95% CI (3.19–25.88), P ≤ 0.001], taught about cervical cancer at school [aOR,12.56, 95% CI (4.60–34.28), P ≤ 0.001], and exposure to outreach clinics [aOR, 4.41, 95% CI (1.37–14.19), P = 0.013]. Conclusion The study found that one in five of the school girls in Lira City, northern Uganda. received HPV vaccine. Girls who were taught about cervical cancer at school, exposure to outreach clinics and received health worker recommendation had more odds of receiving HPV vaccine than their counter parts. The Ministry of Health should strengthen school based cervical cancer education, awareness raising about HPV vaccination and health worker recommendations to improve HPV vaccine uptake among school girls in Uganda.

ObjectiveTo investigate the knowledge on cervical cancer and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, and intention choice of daughters′ free HPV vaccination scheme among mothers of school-age girls for providing evidence to administrative departments in developing relevant vaccination strategies. MethodsUsing convenient sampling and a self-designed questionnaire, we conducted an online survey among 1 648 mothers of girls aged 9 – 15 years through official WeChat website of Suzhou Vaccination during October 2022. The data collected from 1 484 eligible respondents were statistically analyzed. Results Of the 1 484 respondents for the four listed HPV vaccination schemes available to their daughters (including free domestic bivalent or subsidized HPV vaccine supplied by health administrative departments), 699 (47.10%) selected plan 2 (free domestic bivalent HPV vaccine or partially subsidized vaccination of other HPV vaccines); 565 (38.07%) selected plan 1 (with cash subsidy for other HPV vaccination according to the price of two-dose vaccination of domestic bivalent HPV vaccine); 161 (10.85%) selected plan 3 (free vaccination of domestic HPV vaccine or self-paid vaccination of other HPV vaccines); and 59 (3.98%) selected plan 4 (self-paid vaccination of all other HPV vaccines available). Nine-valent HPV vaccine was the most frequently selected vaccine reported by the four groups of respondents with different intention choice of the vaccination scheme, with the selecting ratios of 94.16%, 83.26%, 55.28%, and 98.31% for the respondents reporting the intention choice of vaccination plan 2, 1, 3, and 4, respectively. The respondents' intention choice of daughters′ free HPV vaccination scheme differed significantly by educational background (χ2 = 53.77, P < 0.05), monthly household income (χ2 = 49.07, P < 0.05), and the score of cognition on cervical cancer and HPV vaccine (χ2 = 8.19, P = 0.04). The results of multivariate logistic regression model showed that compared to those with a monthly household income of ≥ 20 001 (Chinese Yuan), the respondents with a monthly household income of ≤ 5 000 were more likely to select the plan 1 (odds ratio [OR] = 5.65), plan 2 (OR = 5.31), and plan 3 (OR = 14.34) other than the plan 4; the respondents with a monthly household income of 10 001 – 15 000 were likely to select the plan 3 (OR = 2.59) other than the plan 4; and the respondents with a monthly family income of 5 001 – 10 000 were more likely to select the plan 3 (OR = 2.60) other than the plan 4. ConclusionIn Suzhou city, about one half of the mothers of school-age girls intend to select free domestic bivalent vaccine or partially subsidized vaccination of other vaccines for their daughters′ free HPV vaccination scheme, with nine-valent HPV vaccine being the most frequently selected vaccine, and the intention choice is mainly influenced by maternal monthly household income and education background.

Objective: To examine the knowledge of cervical cancer risk factors and human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine among Saudi women of childbearing age. Methods: An anonymous, survey-based, cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2022 to March 2023. Results: Overall, 422 participants were included in the current study. Most participants were within the age group of 15–25 years old (42.9%), single (47.9%), and educated with a bachelor's degree (70%). Out of a total of 14 points, the average knowledge score for all participants was 7.3 ± 2.31 (range: 2–14). More than three-quarters of the surveyed participants correctly identified the following risk factors for cervical cancer: multiple sexual partners (78.2%), having weakened immunity (82.7%), infection with HPV (82.9%), and positive family history of cervical cancer (88.9%). Concerning HPV vaccine, 153 (36.3%) participants heard about HPV vaccine and only 20 (4.4%) of them were vaccinated. Only 128 (30.3%) participants stated correctly that 9–13 years old is the best age to start HPV vaccine, whereas 51 (12.1%) participants correctly stated the number of HPV vaccine doses to be three over six months. Overall, 167 (39.6%) participants declined to receive the HPV vaccine. The three most frequently reported reasons included not hearing about HPV vaccine (35.3%), fear from HPV-related side effects (30.5%), and apprehension from HPV vaccine injection (16.2%). Among several socio-demographic characteristics, occupation was statistically significantly associated with knowledge score (p

Vaccination against human papilloma virus (HPV) prevents HPV infections and HPV-related cancers. Most countries currently use a two-dose HPV vaccination schedule, but a growing number of studies have found potential effectiveness of single-dose HPV vaccine, sparking a debate about the feasibility of switching from a two-dose regimen to a single-dose regimen in the global vaccine community. Given the large global disease burden of cervical cancer and inequality between countries and regions due to the tight HPV vaccine supply, World Health Organization Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization (SAGE) stated that single-dose schedules provide comparable protection to the two- or three-dose schedules at a relevant meeting in April 2022. In this article, we review current status of HPV vaccination and researches on the single-dose HPV vaccine protection, and analyze the opportunity and challenges for single-dose HPV vaccination strategy in the future.

Formulations of human papillomavirus (HPV) 16, 18, and 31 L1 capsomere protein antigens were spray dried to obtain glassy microspheres that were then coated by atomic layer deposition (ALD) with nanometer-thin protective layers of alumina. Spray-drying was used to formulate human papillomavirus (HPV) 16, 18, and 31 L1 capsomere protein antigens within glassy microspheres to which nanoscopic protective layers of alumina were applied using ALD. Suspensions of alumina-coated, capsomere-containing microparticles were administered in a single dose to mice. ALD-deposited alumina coatings provided thermostability and a delayed in vivo release of capsomere antigens, incorporating both a prime and a boost dose in one injection. Total serotype-specific antibody titers as well as neutralizing titers determined from pseudovirus infectivity assays were unaffected by incubation of the ALD-coated vaccines for at 4, 50, or 70 °C for three months prior to administration. In addition, even after incubation for three months at 70 °C, single doses of ALD-coated vaccines produced both higher total antibody responses and higher neutralizing responses than control immunizations that used two doses of conventional liquid formulations stored at 4 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cervical cancer is the most common Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)-related disease among women. Since 2008, HPV vaccination has been routinely recommended for pre-adolescent and adolescent girls in Uganda as the primary preventive measure for cervical cancer. However, in Uganda, most especially in Lira district, there is limited literature on HPV vaccination uptake and associated factors among girls aged 9-14years. This study assessed the uptake of HPV vaccine and associated factors among in-school girls aged 9–14 years in Lira City, northern Uganda. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 245 primary school girls aged 9–14 years in Lira City, northern Uganda. Multistage sampling technique was used to sample eligible participants and data was collected using interviewer administered questionnaire. Data was analysed using SPSS version 23.0. Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression at 95% level of significance were used to identify the level of HPV vaccine uptake and predictors respectively. Results: HPV vaccination uptake was at 19.6% (95% CI,14.8–25.1) among the school girls aged 9–14 years in Lira City, northern Uganda. The mean age of the girls was 12.11 (± 1.651) years. Predictors that were independently associated with HPV vaccine uptake included; recommendation from health worker [aOR 9.09, 95% CI (3.19–25.88), P ≤ 0.001], taught about cervical cancer at school [aOR,12.56, 95% CI (4.60–34.28), P ≤ 0.001], and exposure to outreach clinics [aOR, 4.41, 95% CI (1.37–14.19), P = 0.013]. Conclusion: The study found that one in five of the school girls in Lira City, northern Uganda. received HPV vaccine. Girls who were taught about cervical cancer at school, exposure to outreach clinics and received health worker recommendation had more odds of receiving HPV vaccine than their counter parts. The Ministry of Health should strengthen school based cervical cancer education, awareness raising about HPV vaccination and health worker recommendations to improve HPV vaccine uptake among school girls in Uganda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Dysferlinopathy refers to a heterogenous group of autosomal recessive disorders that affect a skeletal muscle protein called dysferlin. These mutations are associated with limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2B, Miyoshi myopathy, asymptomatic hyperCKemia, and distal myopathy with anterior tibial onset. Case presentation A 16 year old female presented with myalgia, weakness and dark urine one week after her second BNT162b2 mRNA (Pfizer) vaccine. Initial serum creatine kinase (CK) was measured at 153,000 IU/L, eventually up-trending to over 200,000 IU/L. However, stable renal function precluded hemodialysis allowing discharge after 10 days of intravenous (IV) hydration and alkaline diuresis. Just two years prior to the current presentation, the patient was hospitalized following Group A Streptococcal pharyngitis infection complicated by rhabdomyolysis. She presented with fatigue, lower extremity weakness, and dark oliguria with CK measuring 984,800 IU/L. IV hydration was attempted however hemodialysis was ultimately required throughout her 24-day hospital stay. Her episode was presumed to be idiopathic and no further work-up was performed at that time. During the patient’s current hospitalization, she reported similar symptomology (myalgias and weakness) following her first quadrivalent Gardasil vaccine at age 11. No hospitalization was required at that time. A comprehensive workup was now initiated while the patient was being treated for her suspected second or third non-exertional, non-traumatic rhabdomyolysis. Rheumatologic, metabolic, infectious, and endocrinologic workup were all unremarkable. Patient eventually had whole exome sequencing performed which revealed a heterozygous pathogenic variant in the DYSF gene (DYSF c.2643 + 1G > A) encoding dysferlin. No clinically significant sequelae occurred thus far. Conclusions While there have been reports of symptomatic heterozygote carriers of dysferlinopathies, to our knowledge none have been associated with recurrent rhabdomyolysis after immunogenic stimuli. This unique case presentation highlights the importance of a multi-disciplinary care team, the utility of modern whole-exome gene sequencing, and the future challenges of balancing vaccine risk vs benefit.

Hareg Nigussie Kassa,1 Awraris Hailu Bilchut,2 Abinet Dagnaw Mekuria,2 Ermias Mekuria Lewetie3 1Maternal and Child Health, Minjar-Shenkora District Health Bureau, Arerti, North Shoa Zone, Ethiopia; 2Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Institute of Medicine and Health Science, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia; 3Nutrition International, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Awraris Hailu BilchutDepartment of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Institute of Medicine and Health Science, Debre Berhan University, PO Box 445, Debre Berhan, EthiopiaTel +251-911373880Email awrarishailu@gmail.comBackground: Human papillomavirus infection, a causative factor for cervical cancer, remains a topic of great interest. About 80% of sexually active women are at risk of acquiring HPV infection while having a 70% global target to eliminate intensive cervical cancer.Objective: This study aimed to assess the practice of human papillomavirus vaccination and associated factors among primary school female students in Minjar-Shenkora district, 2020.Methods: A school-based quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted from February 1 to 30 2020, in primary school female students of Minjar-Shenkora district, North Shoa zone, Ethiopia. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Associations between dependent and independent variables tested in binary and multiple logistic regression and variables with p-value ≤ 0.25 were entered into multiple logistic regression with considered significant level of P-value ≤ 0.05 and at 95% confidence interval (CI).Results: A total of 591 students participated in the study with a response rate of 96.3%. Of the total, 393 (66.5%) (CI 0.63– 0.7) participants have been vaccinated for HPV. The factors associated with the practice of vaccination were; being knowledgeable about HPV vaccination (AOR, 8.65, CI=5.2– 14.3) and a positive attitude towards HPV vaccination (AOR, 1.85, CI=1.18– 3). Students in rural areas were 88% less likely to practice HPV vaccine than students in urban areas (AOR, 0.12, CI=0.07 0.21).Conclusion and Recommendation: Overall, HPV vaccination practice was relatively good (66.5%). Knowledge on HPV vaccination, positive attitude towards HPV vaccination, and being a rural residence were associated with HPV vaccination practice. Families, health-care workers, and schools should work together to improve the knowledge and attitude of the community towards HPV vaccination.Keywords: human papillomavirus vaccine, knowledge, attitude, practice

Parents have important roles to play for adolescents to get the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, an effective measure in the prevention of cervical and other HPV-related cancers. It is important to understand the intention of parents to have their adolescents vaccinated for optimal uptake of the vaccine in Nigeria. This study investigated the intention of parents in five selected communities to get their adolescents vaccinated with HPV vaccine in Ibadan, Nigeria using the Integrated Behavioral Model (IBM). Cross sectional study design was employed and 678 parents were interviewed. Pearson correlation, chi-square test and multiple regression were used for data analysis at α = 0.05. Mean age of the parents was 42.5 ± 10.0 years and 230(33.9%) were males. Almost all of the parents (96.8%) had the intention to vaccinate their adolescents with HPV vaccine. This intention was significantly correlated with experiential attitude (r = 0.74, p =

Health literacy is associated with the utilization of preventive health services. We examined the association between health literacy (HL) levels and receipt of at least one dose of the human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccination. We analyzed the data from the 2016 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) among adults aged 18 to 32. The primary outcome variable was the ‘yes/no’ response to the question that assessed whether the participant received at least the first dose of HPV vaccination. The primary independent variable was a summative HL score (range 3 through 12) we created for each respondent by adding the scores for all three HL questions. We performed bivariate and multivariable (logistic regression) analyses to examine the relationship between study variables. The analytical sample of 6,731 adults aged 18 to 32 met the eligibility criteria. Regression analyses showed that the odds of having received at least one dose of HPV vaccination increased by 13% for every unit increase in health literacy score (Odds ratio: 1.13, 95% CI:1.06–1.21, p

Background: Dysferlinopathy refers to a heterogenous group of autosomal recessive disorders that affect a skeletal muscle protein called dysferlin. These mutations are associated with limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2B, Miyoshi myopathy, asymptomatic hyperCKemia, and distal myopathy with anterior tibial onset.Case Presentation: A 16 year old female presented with myalgia, weakness and dark urine one week after her second BNT162b2 mRNA (Pfizer) vaccine. Initial serum creatine kinase (CK) was measured at 153,000 IU/L, eventually up-trending to over 200,000 IU/L. However, stable renal function precluded hemodialysis allowing discharge after 10 days of intravenous (IV) hydration and alkaline diuresis. Just two years prior to the current presentation, the patient was hospitalized following Group A Streptococcal pharyngitis infection complicated by rhabdomyolysis. She presented with fatigue, lower extremity weakness, and dark oliguria with CK measuring 984,800 IU/L. IV hydration was attempted however hemodialysis was ultimately required throughout her 24-day hospital stay. Her episode was presumed to be idiopathic and no further work-up was performed at that time. During the patient's current hospitalization, she reported similar symptomology (myalgias and weakness) following her first quadrivalent Gardasil vaccine at age 11. No hospitalization was required at that time. A comprehensive workup was now initiated while the patient was being treated for her suspected second or third non-exertional, non-traumatic rhabdomyolysis. Rheumatologic, metabolic, infectious, and endocrinologic workup were all unremarkable. Patient eventually had whole exome sequencing performed which revealed a heterozygous pathogenic variant in the DYSF gene (DYSF c.2643 + 1G > A) encoding dysferlin. No clinically significant sequelae occurred thus far.Conclusions: While there have been reports of symptomatic heterozygote carriers of dysferlinopathies, to our knowledge none have been associated with recurrent rhabdomyolysis after immunogenic stimuli. This unique case presentation highlights the importance of a multi-disciplinary care team, the utility of modern whole-exome gene sequencing, and the future challenges of balancing vaccine risk vs benefit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the commonest sexually transmitted infection. It has over 200 genotypes which, depending on the site of infection and type of virus, can give rise to cancers or warts. HPV infection is a prerequisite for cervical cancer and is associated to varying degrees with other anogenital cancers and, increasingly, with cancers of the oropharynx. It is also associated with anogenital warts which, while not life threatening, cause considerable morbidity. HPV vaccines have been available since 2006 and by mid-2021 have been introduced into over 110 countries. Trials and real world data have shown them to be safe and highly effective at preventing infection with HPV and anogenital warts. Data are also accumulating showing impressive reductions in cervical cancer. In UK, HPV vaccine mainly offered to girls and boys aged 12–13 years in a school-based programme. Uptake is generally high, but inequalities persist and there are concerns about the impact of a recent significant decline in uptake due to school closures arising from the COVID pandemic. HPV vaccine programmes have been significantly impacted by vaccine hesitancy in some countries, but experience in the Republic of Ireland and Denmark has shown that with involvement of the community, this can be successfully addressed. Modelling estimates that, by 2058, the vaccine will have prevented over 64,000 HPV-related cervical cancers and almost 50,000 other HPV-related cancers. The introduction of a vaccine containing nine HPV strains will further increase the number of cancers prevented. This short article outlines how HPV vaccination in adolescence is helping prevent serious illness in adult life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the ongoing global vaccination campaign aimed at preventing human papillomavirus (HPV) related health issues, the uptake of the HPV vaccine remains unacceptably low in developing regions, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at determining the pooled prevalence and associated factors of HPV vaccine uptake among adolescent school girls in SSA. Electronic bio-medical databases were explored. Pooled prevalence, publication bias, meta-regression, sub-group, and sensitivity analysis were performed. The estimated pooled prevalence of HPV vaccine uptake was 28.53% [95% CI: (5.25, 51.81)]. Having good knowledge and a positive attitude was significantly associated with HPV vaccine uptake in SSA. Subgroup analysis revealed the highest uptake was 62.52% from Kenya and the lowest was 3.77% in Nigeria. The HPV vaccine uptake is low. It underscores the need for community education, school-based immunization, and education programs that promote the uptake of the vaccine to increase coverage.

In Veneto Region, HPV vaccine has been actively offered to 12 year-old females since 2008, and to 12 year-old males since 2015. The study aims to analyze the safety profile of HPV4v and HPV9v vaccines and perform a case-by-case review of conditions of interest. Spontaneous reports related to HPV uploaded to the database of the Regional Pharmacovigilance Center between 2008-2022 were included. HPV vaccine doses administered until April 2022 in the Veneto Region were considered to calculate the reporting rate (RR). Potential "safety concerns" examined as conditions of interest were included through Standardized MedDRA or preferred terms searching queries. The level of diagnostic certainty was evaluated as per the Brighton Collaboration case definition criteria. A total of 637 reports and 1316 Adverse Events Following Immunizations (AEFI) were retrieved: 469 for HPV4v (73.6 %) and 168 for HPV9v (26.4 %). Serious reports were 71 (11.1 %): 49 (10.4 %) for HPV4v and 22 (13.1 %) for HPV9v. The RR for serious events between 2008-2022 was 6.9/100,000 administered doses, with no differences by vaccine type. Females and adults showed higher overall RR compared to males and to children and adolescents (p < 0.001), this result was confirmed by stratifying analysis by vaccine type. One case of Guillain Barré syndrome, anaphylactic shock, thrombocytopenia, Henoch Schoenlein purpura and four generalized seizures were reviewed. Vaccinovigilance data from the Veneto Region reaffirm a good safety profile for HPV vaccination and found no vaccine-related unexpected events. Such a detailed analysis may assist healthcare providers to advocate properly for HPV vaccination., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Abstract Background In 2014, Denmark experienced a rapid decline in vaccination uptake for the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine after a successful introduction of the vaccine in 2009. Before the decline, the uptake of the first HPV vaccine was around 90% for girls born in the period 1998 to 2000, while it dropped to 54% for girls born in 2003. The decline followed negative public attention from 2013 coinciding with increasing suspected adverse-event reporting to the Danish Medicines Agency. The aim of this study is to describe the HPV-vaccination uptake, to quantify relevant HPV-related media coverage, and analyse the relation between media coverage and HPV-vaccination acceptance in Denmark in year 2009–2016. Methods Three types of data were used for the analysis: Immunisation data from 243,415 girls, media coverage (8524 news items) and Google search activity. We used changes in the correlation between media coverage and vaccination uptake to identify a changing point in their relationship. The relationship before and after the changing point was analysed determined on the interactions between vaccination uptake, media and search activity, with search activity as a proxy for public attention. Results We identified July 2013 as a changing point in the relationship between media coverage and vaccination uptake. We found no significant relationship between media coverage and vaccination uptake in the first part of the time series (June 2009 to June 2013), whereas from July 2013 and onwards there was a negative Pearson’s correlation of − 0.52. The changing point coincides with both an increase in Google searches for “HPV side effects” and media coverage with negative content. Conclusions Following a successful launch of the HPV-vaccination programme, concerns about vaccine safety shifted the public opinion and the coverage by the media. The noticeable shift in correlation between vaccination uptake and media coverage before and after July 2013 could indicate that increased media coverage influenced the decline in vaccination uptake. Media monitoring may represent an important tool in future monitoring and assessment of confidence in vaccination programmes.

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a prevalent sexually transmitted infection globally, with significant associations with various cancers. Despite the availability of HPV vaccines, vaccination uptake remains suboptimal in many regions, including Saudi Arabia., Methods: This cross-sectional survey-based study aimed to assess perceptions, attitudes, and barriers related to HPV vaccination among residents in different regions of Saudi Arabia. Participants were recruited using a stratified sampling method, and data were collected through a structured questionnaire administered electronically., Results: A total of 600 participants were included in the study, with diverse demographic profiles observed. The largest age group was 26-35 years old, comprising 42.7% (n = 256) of the sample. The distribution of gender was approximately equal, with 54.7% (n = 328) male participants. Notable perception and knowledge about HPV were observed, with 49.7% (n = 298) reporting being very familiar. Furthermore, 85.8% (n = 515) believed that HPV could cause serious health problems, and 63.7% (n = 382) perceived the vaccine to be very effective. Positive attitudes toward HPV vaccination were prevalent, with a significant proportion expressing a willingness to recommend the vaccine to themselves (70.0%, n = 420) and their children (65.0%, n = 390). Healthcare provider recommendation emerged as a key influencing factor, with 73.8% (n = 443) citing it as influential. Despite favorable attitudes, barriers to HPV vaccination were reported, including vaccine cost (22.5%, n = 135) and lack of awareness (13.7%, n = 82). However, a substantial proportion of unvaccinated participants cited not applicable reasons (57.2%, n = 343), indicating prior vaccination. Factors associated with HPV vaccination uptake included higher education levels, with those holding a master's degree or above exhibiting higher odds of vaccination uptake (OR (odds ratio): 1.80, 95% CI (confidence interval): 1.35-2.40, p < 0.001). Age (26-35 vs. 18-25) also showed a borderline significant association (OR: 1.25, 95% CI: 0.98-1.60, p = 0.074)., Conclusion: The study highlights the importance of understanding perceptions and barriers to HPV vaccination to inform public health policies and programs in Saudi Arabia. Addressing identified barriers, such as educational campaigns and improving access to vaccination services, is essential for enhancing HPV vaccination coverage and reducing the burden of HPV-related diseases in the region., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2024, Faqeeh et al.)

For nearly a decade, case reports and series have emerged regarding dysautonomias—particularly postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS)—presenting soon after vaccination against human papilloma virus (HPV). We too have observed a number of such cases (all following vaccination with the Gardasil product), and have found several to have detectable mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS) as well as histories suggesting that MCAS was likely present long before vaccination. We detail 11 such cases here, posing a hypothesis that HPV vaccination (at least with the Gardasil product) may have triggered or exacerbated MCAS in teenagers previously not recognized to have it. Only recently recognized, MCAS is being increasingly appreciated as a prevalent and chronic multisystem disorder, often emerging early in life and presenting with inflammatory ± allergic phenomena following from known mast cell (MC) mediator effects. There is rising recognition, too, of associations of MCAS with central and peripheral neuropathic disorders, including autonomic disorders such as POTS. Given the recognized potential for many antigens to trigger a major and permanent escalation of baseline MC misbehavior in a given MCAS patient, we hypothesize that in our patients described herein, vaccination with Gardasil may have caused pre-existing (but not yet clinically recognized) MCAS to worsen to a clinically significantly degree, with the emergence of POTS and other issues. The recognition and management of MCAS prior to vaccinations in general may be a strategy worth investigating for reducing adverse events following HPV vaccinations and perhaps even other types of vaccinations.

The HPV vaccine debuted more than ten years ago in the United States and many strategies have been evaluated to increase HPV vaccination rates, which include not only improving current vaccination behaviors but also sustaining these behaviors. Researchers and practitioners from a variety of backgrounds have engaged in this work, which has included efforts directed at public health and government policies, health education and health promotion programs, and clinical and patient-provider approaches, as well as work aimed to respond to and combat anti-HPV vaccination movements in society. Using a previously developed conceptual model to organize and summarize each of these areas, this paper also highlights the need for future HPV vaccine promotion work to adopt a multi-level and, when possible, integrated approach in order to maximize impact on vaccination rates.

Vaccines are essential to ensure that the population is immune to certain diseases, and immunization is one of the most cost-effective interventions to prevent the occurrence of the diseases. Recently, new vaccines such as rotavirus, measles-rubella vaccine, and pneumococcal vaccines are introduced in the universal immunization program of some of the states in India. Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is also introduced in Punjab through its own initiative. This paper documents the experience in terms of implementation plans, issues, and challenges in introducing these vaccines in North Indian states, including Haryana (rotavirus vaccine), Punjab (HPV vaccine), Himachal Pradesh (pneumococcal vaccine), and Chandigarh (measles and rubella vaccination campaign).

Democratic access to scientific evidence contributes to the freedom of individuals to make informed decisions regarding scientific findings that affect their lives. In the case of the human papilloma virus (HPV), which causes cervical cancer, a debate exists regarding preventing HPV infection that is not supported by evidence-based interventions. For instance, there are positions both in favor of and against an HPV vaccine that are not evidence-based, thus preventing women from deciding freely whether to be vaccinated. Based on a communicative approach, this article describes the use of communicative focus groups and communicative daily life stories in which the researcher shares up-to-date information on HPV prevention, particularly through vaccination and screening, with high-schoolgirls in an urban context in Spain. Through the focus groups and daily life stories, the young women evaluated the impact of evidence-based dialogues, which could increase their opportunities to make free choices regarding the HPV vaccine and other medicines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Three types of HPV vaccine were introduced, and they were effective against HPV infection, their efficacy reached 98%. Worldwide, many studies have explored the level of knowledge and acceptability scores of the HPV vaccine. Objectives: To measure knowledge and acceptability and their predictors toward HPV vaccination among the final year of health college students at King Abdul-Aziz University in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, in 2018. Methods: A cross-sectional study with a self-administered, well-structured questionnaire involving 300 students from the final year of male and female health colleges (Medicine, Dentistry, Pharmacology, Medical Technology, and Nursing) at King Abdul-Aziz University in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, in 2018. Results: This study showed 34.00% good knowledge and 76.00% high acceptability among health college students. A low level of knowledge about the HPV vaccine among Saudi students (32.80%) in comparison with non-Saudis (66.70%) (P ≤ 0.05). The acceptability of the HPV vaccine was higher in females (80.80%) and was statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05). The logistic regression analysis showed that good knowledge level was independently associated with nationality and awareness about the possibility of preventing cervical cancer, while the acceptability level was independently associated with the good knowledge score. Conclusion: poor level of knowledge and a high acceptability toward the HPV vaccine offered us a strong push forward to provide the HPV vaccine to the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the role of media in shaping human papilloma virus vaccination intentions in mainland China by applying both communication and marketing-focused theoretical frameworks in order to better understand ways to increase vaccine uptake across young men and women in China. An online survey (N  =   359) revealed direct effects of online information consumption on perceived scarcity of the vaccine, as well as an indirect effect via perceived influence of media on others. Scarcity perceptions, in turn, predicted vaccine attitudes and behavioral intentions. Additionally, gender differences emerged in the data. Compared with women, men's intent to be vaccinated were not high, even if they realized the vaccine shortage. Implications for theory and practice are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common sexually transmitted infection implicated in 5% of cancers worldwide including most cervical cancer cases. In the UK, the HPV vaccine has been offered routinely to girls aged 11–13 since 2008 while cervical screening is offered to women aged 25–64. HPV testing will soon replace cytology as the primary screening method. This research evaluates what healthcare professionals (HCPs) across the UK know about HPV. Methods A total of 643 UK-based HCPs from primary and secondary care took part in an anonymous cross-sectional survey between March and April 2018. The survey measured general HPV knowledge; HPV triage and test of cure knowledge; HPV vaccine knowledge; attitudes to the HPV vaccine and self-perceived adequacy of knowledge. Results Participants had a generally good understanding of HPV and the vaccination but there were gaps in detailed knowledge of the National Health Service HPV testing processes. There were some gaps in knowledge about the health sequelae of HPV for males. Years since HPV training was associated with triage and test of cure and vaccine knowledge scores. Furthermore, nurses and doctors in colposcopy clinics had much greater odds of having higher knowledge across all domains than other roles. In total, 76.2% of participants felt adequately informed about HPV and 35.6% made suggestions for improvements in training, many of which requested additional frequency and topics. Conclusion Our results suggest that additional training is needed to ensure HCPs are equipped to deal with the changing landscape of HPV screening and vaccination in the UK. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Although Korean American women have a higher risk of developing cervical cancer, currently there are limited culturally relevant intervention strategies for improving primary prevention of cervical cancer by promoting HPV vaccination in this population. This study reports the development of a cross-cultural, cross-generational storytelling HPV intervention using a peer-paired method, in which two storytellers interactively share their stories, as a particular innovation that might resonate with Korean American young women. The acceptability of the intervention was assessed by self-reported satisfaction and endorsement with the intervention in a pilot randomized control trial (RCT). We compared participants' responses to the intervention by their generation and cultural identity. One hundred and four Korean college women between the ages of 18–26 were recruited from the Northeastern US Participants randomized to the intervention group received a storytelling video (n = 54); the comparison group received written information (n = 50). The acceptability of the intervention was measured immediately post-intervention. The intervention group had significantly greater satisfaction than the comparison group (P < 0.05). Participants reported greater endorsement for videos that reflected their cultural and generational experiences. Future study is needed to examine the impact of such interventions on objective follow-up on HPV vaccination in a large-scale RCT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Human papillomavirus vaccination and cervical screening are lacking in most lower resource settings, where approximately 80% of more than 500 000 cancer cases occur annually. Visual inspection of the cervix following acetic acid application is practical but not reproducible or accurate. The objective of this study was to develop a "deep learning"-based visual evaluation algorithm that automatically recognizes cervical precancer/cancer.Methods: A population-based longitudinal cohort of 9406 women ages 18-94 years in Guanacaste, Costa Rica was followed for 7 years (1993-2000), incorporating multiple cervical screening methods and histopathologic confirmation of precancers. Tumor registry linkage identified cancers up to 18 years. Archived, digitized cervical images from screening, taken with a fixed-focus camera ("cervicography"), were used for training/validation of the deep learning-based algorithm. The resultant image prediction score (0-1) could be categorized to balance sensitivity and specificity for detection of precancer/cancer. All statistical tests were two-sided.Results: Automated visual evaluation of enrollment cervigrams identified cumulative precancer/cancer cases with greater accuracy (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.91, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.89 to 0.93) than original cervigram interpretation (AUC = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.63 to 0.74; P < .001) or conventional cytology (AUC = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.65 to 0.77; P < .001). A single visual screening round restricted to women at the prime screening ages of 25-49 years could identify 127 (55.7%) of 228 precancers (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2/cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3/adenocarcinoma in situ [AIS]) diagnosed cumulatively in the entire adult population (ages 18-94 years) while referring 11.0% for management.Conclusions: The results support consideration of automated visual evaluation of cervical images from contemporary digital cameras. If achieved, this might permit dissemination of effective point-of-care cervical screening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Young adulthood is a critical time for catch-up HPV vaccination. We assessed predictors of vaccine recommendation and initiation among college students. We analysed cross-sectional surveys from 2397 students using multivariable logistic regressions. Guided by the Socio-ecological and Health Belief Models, measures included socio-demographic characteristics, intrapersonal measures (e.g. vaccine beliefs), interpersonal measures (e.g. doctor's recommendation) and institutional-level measures (e.g. college settings). The sample included students from private, public, technical and historically black colleges/universities. Of the sample, 64.5% were White; additionally, 48.3% of women (n = 750/1552) and 18.8% of men (n = 159/845) received a doctor's recommendation. Among women, predictors included older age, US-born, higher parental education and attending private schools. Among men, predictors included younger age, being homosexual and attending private schools. HPV vaccine series initiation was low—43.3% of women (n = 672) and 16.7% of men (n = 141). Doctor's recommendation predicted initiation for both sexes. Younger women, women attending technical colleges and men of 'multiple/other' race had lower odds of initiation. Common initiation barriers for both sexes included a lack of doctor recommendation and sexual inactivity. These barriers and the associations between nativity, race and socio-economic status with vaccine recommendation and initiation should be further investigated. Interventions should improve patient–provider communication around HPV vaccine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The purpose of this study was to identify the stronger responders behind the fluctuating coverage with the HPV-vaccine in Denmark in order to facilitate information campaigns targeted at specific subgroups. Methods Newspaper articles published from 2006 to 2009 with information about coverage with the HPV-vaccine in Denmark were identified from the database Infomedia.dk. Vaccination coverage of recent years was retrieved from the publically accessible statistics from the State's Serum Institute. Data on average disposable income nationally and for each municipality was retrieved from Statistics Denmark. Results According to numbers published in newspapers, girls residing in municipalities with a high disposable income were the first ones to secure the HPV-vaccine in Denmark. Years later, at the start of the debate about possible side effects of the HPV-vaccine, the decline in vaccination coverage was slightly steeper for girls from high income municipalities than for girls from low income municipalities. Conclusions Girls from municipalities with a high disposable income seem to be the stronger responders of the fluctuating coverage with the HPV-vaccine in Denmark. This was the case both during the initial surge in coverage after the vaccine's introduction on the market, and during the later decline following the debate on possible side effects. Identification of this dispersion pattern enables health authorities to initiate targeted information campaigns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study tested the influence of the 'Protect Their Future' video intervention on adult intentions to vaccinate their adolescents. Method: The study included 529 parents of 11- to 19-year-old adolescents in Appalachian Kentucky enrolled in group randomized controlled trial arms at 14 health clinic and community sites (seven in each arm) across eight counties. Approximately half the parents (n = 263) were enrolled in the full intervention. Participants in the intervention and control did not significantly differ by education, race, percentage working full-time or gender. Results: Individuals in the intervention were 3.2 times more likely (P = .005) to intend for their female adolescent to receive HPV immunization. However, there was no support for the multivariate model for male HPV immunization. Inconsistent reasoned action findings for HPV, meningitis and flu intentions are also discussed. Conclusions: This study suggests the importance of immunization-specific information motivating parents embedded in a general 'adolescent vaccination platform' promotion video may be most supportive in immunization contexts where the descriptive norms are well established parents, as is currently the case for meningitis, flu and female HPV immunization rates. Implications for male HPV parental education needs are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background In Denmark, the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines have been suspected of adverse events since 2014. However, as no causal associations between the HPV vaccines and numerous diseases have been demonstrated, factors prior to vaccination may influence the risk of suspecting the HPV vaccines of causing symptoms. We studied the associations between individual and parental socioeconomic characteristics and the risk of referral to a diagnostic centre in a female population aged 11–29 years with a first HPV vaccination in January 2008 to June 2015. Methods Individual and parental data from national registries were linked using the unique personal identification number. Logistic regression analyses were used to estimate crude and adjusted odds ratio's according to each individual and parental socioeconomic factor with two-sided 95% 95% CI. Results The cohort consisted of 453 216 individuals of which 1316 (0.29%) were referred to a diagnostic centre in 2015. Having a mother outside the workforce or an unemployed mother was associated with an increased risk of referral, while girls and women who had fathers with a higher educational level were less likely to be referred. In addition, women aged 20–29 years who were unemployed or outside the workforce prior to vaccination had increased odds of being referred to a diagnostic centre. Conclusion We found social inequality in the referral to a diagnostic centre following HPV vaccination. This might be explained by an increased morbidity in girls and women of lower socioeconomic status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Cervical cancer is one of the most common malignancies among Women. Cervical cancer ranks as the number one cancer among Indian females which accounts for 35% of all cancers in women. Objective: The Present study aims to access the female college students in Chennai. The high mortality rate is due to late stage reporting of the disease. Early detection of clinical features and treatment thereafter can reduce the mortality rate. Methods: A Study was a prospective cross-sectional study method. Sampling is done by prevalence sampling procedure. Women who satisfied the inclusion criteria were included in the study. A Questionaire was developed to assess the knowledge of cervical cancer among the female college students. Results: In this study we intended to assess the knowledge and attitudes towards cervical cancer screening and prevention among 100 professional college female students with a mean age of 18 years. All the respondents were single. Majority of the respondents were not aware about the cervical cancer. PAP smear testing, and human papilloma virus vaccine in 2019. Manifestations of most cancers stigma had been defined in terms of experienced(enacted)stigma, Such as isolation or verbal stigma, and expected (fear of)stigma, need to a most cancers diagnosis be disclosed. Conclusion: The examine results provide perception at the know-how and attitudes that physicians around Mangalore, India, have in regard to HPV and the potential for an HPV vaccination implementation application. This organization of health practitioner individuals has now not formerly been surveyed and shows new ways to approach a ordinary HPV vaccination program in India. Stigma was a feared final results of a most cancers analysis and defined as a barrier to screening, early analysis and remedy seeking for girls with symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Japanese immunization program has made considerable recent progress. The introduction of several new vaccines, especially foreign-produced vaccines, and the inclusion of important new vaccines in the National Immunization Program (NIP) are closing the “vaccine gap”, i.e., the delay in the Japanese immunization program relative to programs in other developed countries. Major progress in the Japanese immunization program since 2014 includes (1) elimination of measles in March 2015, (2) introduction of a varicella vaccine as a routine immunization in the NIP in October 2015, and (3) introduction of hepatitis B virus vaccines as routine immunizations in the NIP in October 2016. Despite these promising developments, important issues remain. First, the government withdrew the active recommendation for human papilloma virus vaccines temporarily in 2013. The withdrawal has continued and unresolved despite new scientific evidence confirming the safety of these vaccines. Second, a few important voluntary vaccines, including vaccines for mumps and rotavirus, have not been included in the NIP since their introduction to Japan. Finally, there are concerns related to a shortage of mandatory domestic vaccines, which was caused by a natural disaster in the area where a vaccine-producing factory was located. Additionally, the manufacturer included unauthorized additives in some vaccine products with falsifying the production-process records. To avoid problems related to vaccine shortages, essential vaccines need to be stockpiled, and the future vaccine needs for children should to be discussed. New initiatives must continue to close the vaccine gap, as this will protect children living in Japan from vaccine-preventable diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to describe the cancer-screening intention, sources of cancer information, and cancer understanding among Japanese adolescents. A cross-sectional nationwide survey involving a self-administered questionnaire was conducted. Response rates of the target schools were 46.4 % (n = 103) for junior high schools and 55.8 % (n = 116) for high schools. From these, we analyzed the data of 2960 junior high school students (1520 males, 1440 females) and 3703 high school students (1546 males, 2157 females) to examine the association between cancer-screening intention and sources of cancer-related information and understanding. A significant association between cancer-screening intention and sources of cancer information and cancer understanding was observed. The screening intention group identified more sources of cancer information than the no-screening intention group did. Understanding about cancer was reported by a higher proportion of students in the screening intention group compared with the no-screening intention group. Recognition that healthy people must take part in cancer screening was significantly associated with screening intention in both junior high (odds ratio (OR), 1.859; 95 % confidence interval (CI), 1.582-2.185; P < 0.001) and high school (OR, 2.485; 95 % CI, 2.139-2.887; P < 0.001) students. Health education at school was indicated by a high proportion of students as a source of cancer-related information, although the association was not significant. The present survey indicated that those in of our sample who intended to undergo future cancer screening (67.8 %) had more sources of information and understanding regarding cancer. Thus, schools should enrich health education curricula with more information and understanding about cancer to promote cancer-screening intention among Japanese adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This commentary explores the distribution of human papilloma virus (HPV) and HPV-related diseases, and factors affecting attitudes towards HPV, HPV-related diseases, and HPV vaccination in the Latin American Andean region. Lack of knowledge of HPV, known negative attitudes or incorrect assumptions about HPV, HPV-related diseases, and HPV vaccination provide a basis upon which to develop targeted HPV awareness and preventive health media campaigns. For maximal effect, media campaigns should use the internet, radio, and television to address health care providers, parents, and students. Additional programming can be developed for clinics to use in-house with their clients. Ministries of Education, Finance, and Health all have roles to play to increase national HPV, HPV-related diseases, and HPV vaccination awareness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cervical cancer is the most common cancer found in Indian women. Two human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines were approved for use in India in 2006; however, neither has become readily accepted. Physician attitudes and recommendations are crucial in the uptake of HPV vaccines among adolescent women in the USA; thus, we ought to investigate provider attitudes and practices related to HPV vaccination in India via a survey administered to 210 Indian physicians. Of the 210 physicians, 46 % were community physicians and 54 % were academic physicians. The correct response to HPV knowledge questions was identified around 50 % of the time in 6/11 questions. Only 47 % of the physicians knew that there was an HPV vaccine approved for use in India. Only 11 % and 15 % of physicians strongly agree that the HPV vaccine will lead to long-lasting immunity and has a safe side effect profile, respectively. A total of 30 % of those surveyed reported that they would recommend the HPV vaccine to their patients, while 73 % agreed that the cost of the HPV vaccine is a major barrier to acceptance. After multivariate analysis, there were two significant variables independently associated with a physician's decision to recommend HPV vaccine. These variables were as follows: "whether the vaccine was freely available from the government sector" and "uncertainty about whether HPV must be persistent to cause cervical cancer vs not." Given the lack of knowledge among practicing physicians in Mangalore, increasing the education about HPV infection and HPV vaccination towards health care providers has the potential to increase vaccine recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the risk of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) after human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine given to 12–18 year old girls in England. Methods Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) were searched using data to March 2016 to identify incident cases of GBS in female patients aged from 11 to 20 years eligible to have received the HPV vaccine since its introduction as a 3 dose schedule in September 2008. Diagnosis was confirmed by the case’s general practitioner (GP) who also provided HPV vaccination dates. The risk of admission within 3 months (primary risk window) 6 and 12 months of any dose was assessed using the self-controlled case-series (SCCS) method in vaccinated girls with age, season and time-period adjustment. The risk before and after the change in 2012 from bivalent vaccine to quadrivalent vaccine was also assessed. Results A total 244 episodes were initially identified which reduced to 101 episodes in 100 girls when just including cases where the GP could be contacted, at least one vaccine dose was given, and GBS was confirmed or classed as probable. Nine, 14 and 24 GBS admissions occurred within 3, 6, 12 months of a dose respectively. The relative incidence (RI) for the 3 month risk period was 1.04 (95% confidence interval 0.47–2.28), for the 6 month period 0.83 (0.41–1.69) and for the 12 month period 1.10 (0.57–2.14). When restricting to 79 confirmed cases the RI in the 3 month risk period was 1.26 (0.55–2.92) and the RI 1.61 (0.39–6.54) for quadrivalent vaccine compared to 0.84 (0.30–2.34) for bivalent. Conclusion We found no evidence of an increased risk of GBS following HPV vaccination in England and, based on the upper end of the 95% CI for the RI and the number of HPV vaccine doses given in England, can exclude a risk of about 1 per million doses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine is the recommended prevention strategy for viruses-related cancers, but its acceptability remains controversial, primarily because of the relationship between sexual activity and HPV infection. Countries in the Middle East and North Africa are conservative vis-à-vis sexual behaviors, where Islam shapes people's practices including sexual health, and imposes that sex be carried out within lawful context. Many sexually transmitted infections can be prevented if the rules of Islam are unfailingly applied by Muslims in that region. However, this is not guaranteed and a noticeable shift in the sexual behavior of the youth has been detected, including a drastic increase in unofficial sexual practices, which in the long-term increase HPV incidence and its related diseases. This study examines the available epidemiological data as well as the teachings in Islam's sacred texts and scholars' perspectives to describe the tensions that exist in Muslim cultures around sexuality. Understanding their influence and the function of these tensions can help illuminate the factors that contribute to barriers to accepting the vaccine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is linked to cervical cancer, which is prevalent in Saudi Arabia. While HPV vaccines are effective, their coverage remains low in low- and middle-income countries. Public awareness of HPV vaccination is also limited. The study examines public awareness of cervical cancer, HPV, the HPV vaccine, and factors that hinder vaccine uptake., Objectives: To assess the levels of knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions towards HPV vaccination among women aged 16 years and above in Makkah, Saudi Arabia., Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted using an interview questionnaire. A stratified sampling technique was used to select a representative sample of 534 female patients aged 16 years and older who visited primary healthcare centers in Makkah. The interview questionnaire included questions related to sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge about HPV vaccination, attitudes and perceptions toward HPV vaccination, and sources of information about HPV infection and vaccines. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests., Results: The majority of participants were aged between 21 and 40 years (76.4%), Saudi (90.3%), and had a higher education level (73.4%). Only a small proportion (1.9%-39%) of participants correctly answered most of the questions related to HPV vaccination, while a few questions were answered correctly by a larger proportion (41.6%-59.6%), highlighting the need for educational programs to increase awareness about the HPV vaccine. The internet and social media were the most prevalent sources of information about HPV infection and vaccines (48.4%). A majority of participants expressed willingness to receive the HPV vaccine if offered by the healthcare sector at no cost (65.5%). Concerns included fear of injection (27.7%), cost (23.2%), and potential refusal from family or community (9.7%). A significant proportion believed that there is a need for educational sessions to increase awareness about the HPV vaccine in their community (82.8%) and that increased knowledge about HPV vaccines would lead to greater acceptability (83.9%). Age, nationality, marital status, number of children, educational status, occupation, and average monthly income were significantly associated with knowledge about HPV vaccination (p < 0.05). Age and educational status were significantly associated with attitudes towards HPV vaccination (p < 0.05)., Conclusion: The lack of knowledge about HPV vaccination among adult women in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, is concerning, as it may result in low vaccine uptake rates and an increased incidence of HPV-related diseases. Therefore, targeted educational programs and awareness campaigns are crucial to enhance knowledge and promote the uptake of the HPV vaccine. These programs should be designed to provide accurate information about the prevalence of HPV, its associated risks, and the benefits of vaccination., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, Turki et al.)

Objective: To examine the knowledge of cervical cancer risk factors and human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine among Saudi women of childbearing age., Methods: An anonymous, survey-based, cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2022 to March 2023., Results: Overall, 422 participants were included in the current study. Most participants were within the age group of 15-25 years old (42.9%), single (47.9%), and educated with a bachelor's degree (70%). Out of a total of 14 points, the average knowledge score for all participants was 7.3 ± 2.31 (range: 2-14). More than three-quarters of the surveyed participants correctly identified the following risk factors for cervical cancer: multiple sexual partners (78.2%), having weakened immunity (82.7%), infection with HPV (82.9%), and positive family history of cervical cancer (88.9%). Concerning HPV vaccine, 153 (36.3%) participants heard about HPV vaccine and only 20 (4.4%) of them were vaccinated. Only 128 (30.3%) participants stated correctly that 9-13 years old is the best age to start HPV vaccine, whereas 51 (12.1%) participants correctly stated the number of HPV vaccine doses to be three over six months. Overall, 167 (39.6%) participants declined to receive the HPV vaccine. The three most frequently reported reasons included not hearing about HPV vaccine (35.3%), fear from HPV-related side effects (30.5%), and apprehension from HPV vaccine injection (16.2%). Among several socio-demographic characteristics, occupation was statistically significantly associated with knowledge score (p < 0.001), with students in health specialties tended to have the highest knowledge score compared with others., Conclusion: Most participants displayed good knowledge about cervical cancer risk factors, but not about HPV vaccine. Very alarmingly, less than 5% of the participants received HPV vaccine and close to 40% of them declined to receive the HPV vaccine. Mechanisms to increase public awareness about HPV vaccine and its acceptance by women are recommended., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2023 The Author(s).)

Aim To determine the impact of human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccination on knowledge, perception of sexual risk and need for continued safe sexual behavior among Indonesian girls. Methods A comparative cross-sectional study was carried on in Denpasar, the capital city of Bali, Indonesia, during September 2015-February 2016. A total of 828 adolescent girls (12-16 years) were recruited to assess their knowledge on HPV/HPV vaccine, perception of sexual risks and need for continued safe sexual behavior. Results A total of 419 girls (50.7%) had received HPV vaccination prior to the study, 76.4% of whom (320/419) had sufficient knowledge about HPV. HPV vaccination was a strong and independent predictor of higher HPV/HPV vaccine knowledge (adjusted OR [AOR], 9.358; 95%CI: 6.816-12.849, P < 0.001). HPV vaccination (AOR, 0.107; 95%CI: 0.074-0.155, P < 0.001) and higher knowledge level (AOR, 0.667; 95%CI: 0.464-0.958, P = 0.028) were associated with lower perceived HPV risk. Despite the low risk perception, most of the vaccinated girls (408/419, 97.4%) continued to perceive higher need for safe sexual behaviors. On multivariate analysis, higher knowledge was the independent predictor for higher perceived need for safe sexual behaviors (AOR, 4.260; 95%CI: 2.016-9.001, P < 0.001). Conclusion The HPV vaccination was associated with higher knowledge and appropriately lower perception of HPV risk. Despite the vaccination, most of the adolescents continued to perceive a need for safer sexual behavior. All adolescent girls should receive HPV vaccination in order to reduce cervical cancer burden in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]