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Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a major bone-related disease, which is characterized by joint deterioration, bone destruction, and whole joint damage, leading to permanent disability. The present study aimed to assess the anti-inflammatory and anti-osteoarthritic effects of esculetin in a monosodium iodoacetate (MI)-induced OA model in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Materials and Methods: The anti-osteoarthritic efficacy of esculetin was determined in an MI-induced OA animal model. Rats were divided into the following groups: group I: normal control (saline), group II (MI only treated), group III (MI + esculetin), and group IV (MI + indomethacin). The potent outcome of esculetin treatment was assessed through its effects on the proinflammatory cytokines' levels, weight-bearing distribution, and histopathologic observation. Anti-inflammation efficacy of esculetin was evaluated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced Ralph and William's cell line 264.7 (RAW 264.7) cells. Results: In vitro results showed that esculetin has an anti-inflammatory efficacy through lessening the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 in LPS-induced RAW cells. Furthermore, esculetin also reinforced the retrieval of hind limb weight-holding capacity, downregulated the generation of inflammatory mediators and proinflammatory cytokines, and shielded or protected the cartilage tissue from damage in the OA model SD rats. Conclusion: Esculetin seems to be a beneficial therapeutic compound for handling OA and OA-based disease conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two phenothiazine derivatives with two (CPBM) or four (CPDBM) electron-withdrawing moieties were synthesized, and their responsive properties to mechanical force were investigated and compared. CPDBM had absorption and emission spectra with longer wavelengths than CPBM in hexane. Quantum chemical calculation and electrochemical measurement were conducted. The longer CPDBM wavelengths could be ascribed to the decrease in the LUMO energy level owing to the existence of additional electron-withdrawing groups. In the crystal state, CPBM aggregated into dimers with a short distance and exhibited reversible mechanofluorochromism (MFC). The fluorescence color exhibited reversible conversion between orange and red under alternative force and fuming stimuli. Long and thin dark red crystals of CPDBM with weak red fluorescence were obtained, and the fluorescence did not change after grinding. Thermal annealing of the dark red crystals produced red solids with orange fluorescence and strong red emission after grinding. Fuming and thermal annealing led to orange fluorescence, indicating MFC behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The detection of phosphate (Pi) under physiological conditions is a very important issue in environmental and biological sciences. Herein, a unique fluorescent probe {[EuL(H2O)1.35(DMF)0.65]·1.9DMF}n (1) was prepared through the organic–inorganic hybridization between asymmetrical tricarboxylate ligands and Eu2O2 clusters under solvothermal conditions. The as-prepared sample 1 exhibited excellent fluorescence properties and could be designed as a self-calibrating fluorescent probe for sensitively and selectively detecting Pi which served as an essential substance in aquatic ecosystems and biological systems. The different responses of the two emission peaks caused by the addition of Pi resulted in a continuous fluorescence color change, which could be clearly observed with the naked eye under UV light lamp illumination at 302 nm. Typically, a good linearity existed between the ratio of dual fluorescence intensities and the Pi contents ranging from 0.1 μM to 15 μM with a low detection limit of 52 nM (S/N = 3). It is noteworthy that the prepared self-calibrating fluorescent probe displayed specific recognition towards Pi anions with satisfactory recovery ranging from 92.8% to 100.6% in water samples and biological fluids. Thus, we can envision that this work may open a new avenue for the detection of many other bioactive ions in environmental and biological samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] An easy-to-make Cu2+ colorimetric sensor SH was designed and synthesized. [•] SH displayed colorimetric specific selectivity for Cu2+ in aqueous solution. [•] The simple approach is useful for routine analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel multifunctional sensor based on the ‘privileged ligand’ salen scaffold conjugated with BODIPY was designed and synthesized. This conjugate displays a sequential recognition of Hg 2+ and I − with high selectivity and sensitivity via formation of three-component ensembles.These new approaches have been successfully applied for the detection of their corresponding targets in Haihe River with acceptable recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phosphorescent 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) capped Mn-doped ZnS quantum dots (MPA-Mn:ZnS QDs)-KMnO 4 hybrid system was developed to be an “off–on” phosphorescent switch based on chemical redox mechanism for detection of glutathione (GSH) in food, wine, and biological samples. By employing KMnO 4 as the quencher to the phosphorescence of MPA-Mn:ZnS QDs, GSH recovered the emission for its determination by the use of its reducibility. The possible mechanism for the restored phosphorescence was elucidated that SO 4 2− oxidized by KMnO 4 on the surface of the Mn:ZnS QDs was reduced to S 2− with the addition of GSH. The phosphorescent hybrid system allowed highly sensitive detection of GSH in aqueous solution with a detection limit of 97 nM and a wide linear range of 0.3–280 μM. The precision for 11 replicate detection of 200 μM GSH was 3.5% (relative standard deviation, RSD). The developed method was applied for the detection of GSH in food, wine, and biological samples with the quantitative spike recoveries from 95% to 104%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anion binding properties of the isatin-based colorimetric HNI sensor (( Z )-3-(hydroxyimino)-5-nitroindolin-2-one) were investigated by UV–vis spectroscopy. Absorption response profiles of HNI varied dramatically for different anionic inputs by controlling the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT). These observations were utilized to construct logic functions of OR, NOR and the complementary INH/IMP sequential circuit. Further, reversible optical switches induced by alternative addition of F − and HSO 4 − were demonstrated with a ‘Write–Read–Erase–Read’ memory function possessing ‘multi-write’ ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new multifunctional probe made up of boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) and benzimidazole neighboring phenol was designed and synthesized. This probe displays a colorimetric recognition of Hg 2+ and a ‘turn off’ fluorescent response to Cr 3+ at physiological condition. The ‘in situ’ ensemble of host and Hg 2+ shows a selective and ratiometric detection of I − via the formation of three-component ensemble. These systems were further used to detect their corresponding targets in real water sample with acceptable recovery. Compared to the comprehensive report of the single-target responsive chemosensor, these results provided an approach to design the challenging multifunctional probe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have aroused great interest because of their fascinating tunable structures and unusual functional properties. In the recent years, MOFs have been used as new sensing materials to effectively detect cations, anions and nitroaromatic complexes due to their high selectivity and good sensitivity. In this work, we explored a unique fluorescent metal-organic framework {[Cd(abtz) 2 (NCS)]·(ClO 4 )} n ( MOF-Cd-abtz ; abtz = 1-(4-aminobenzyl)-1,2,4-triazole) for highly selective and sensitive detection of ascorbic acid in biological liquid (such as human urine and serum samples). Because both the fluorescent material MOF-Cd-abtz and ascorbic acid can absorb the excitation light at 250 nm, thereby ascorbic acid can quantitatively quench fluorescent signals of MOF-Cd-abtz in biological liquid. This MOF-Cd-abtz based fluorescent method exhibits good liner response to ascorbic acid in the range of 0.1–140 μM. The relative standard deviation (RSD) for three times replicate detections of 25 μM ascorbic acid was 0.94%, and the detection limit was 75 nM (S/N = 3). The developed method can be applied for the determination of ascorbic acid in human urine and serum samples with quantitative spike recoveries from 93% to 103%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple, highly selective and sensitive chemosensor (E)-2-((quinolin-8-ylimino) methyl) phenol ( QP ) has been developed for the fluoride, as demonstrated by the photophysical properties obtained by UV–vis and fluorescent methods. Excited-state inter/intramolecular proton transfer (ESPT) was suggested to be responsible for the fluoride-induced ‘turn on’ fluorescence and the blue shift of 25 nm in the emission spectrum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to analyze the clinical efficacy and recovery of lumbar disc herniation (LDH) treated by lateral and posterior foraminoscopy and posterior approach foraminoscopy (PELD), the comparison of clinical efficacy and recovery effect between lateral and posterior foraminoscopy and PELD in LDH patients was conducted. A total of 96 LDH patients admitted to our hospital from July 2020 to July 2021 were selected, and the lateral and posterior foraminoscopy group and PELD group were, respectively, established according to different surgical intervention methods. The lateral posterior foraminoscopy group is treated with lateral posterior foraminoscopy intervention, and the PELD group is treated with posterior foraminoscopy intervention. The intraoperative and postoperative indicators of the two groups were observed, and the pain improvement, lumbar function, clinical efficacy, and incidence of adverse complications were compared between the two groups before and 3 months after surgery. The Spearman correlation coefficient is used to analyze the correlation between visual analogue scale (VAS) score, lumbar function (ODI) score, and the incidence of complications. For patients with LDH in implementing lientang road intervertebral foramen mirror, the clinical efficacy of the intervertebral foramen to a rear mirror was more apparent. It demonstrates that the treatment can reduce intraoperative blood loss, shorten hospitalization time, improve lumbar vertebral function, and reduce a patient's risk of complications., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Zhimin Zhang et al.)

Nanomaterial-based mimetic enzymes, called nanozymes, received more and more attention in recent decades; however, their lack of biocompatibility limited the biomedical applications, which could be solved by surface modification. In this work, the Co 3 O 4 nanoplates were modified by different functional groups, including the amino group, carboxyl group, hydroxyl group, and sulfhydryl group (NH 2 -Co 3 O 4 , COOH-Co 3 O 4 , OH-Co 3 O 4 , and SH-Co 3 O 4 ). And the modified Co 3 O 4 nanoplates were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, FTIR, TG, and the Zeta potential, verifying the successful modification of different functional groups. Their mimetic peroxidase properties and kinetics process were further studied and showed that the order of their catalytic activities was as follows: NH 2 -Co 3 O 4 > SH-Co 3 O 4 > COOH-Co 3 O 4 > pure Co 3 O 4 > OH-Co 3 O 4 , and the catalysis of modified Co 3 O 4 nanozymes all followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The results indicated that the different functional groups changed their electron transfer ability, and further affected their catalytic activity. H 2 O 2 detection was selected as an application model system to evaluate the modified Co 3 O 4 nanozymes. Compared with other Co 3 O 4 nanozymes, a wider linear range from 0.01 to 40 mmol L -1 and a lower detection limit of 1.5 μmol L -1 was constructed with NH 2 -Co 3 O 4 nanozymes. The results suggested that surface modification by functional groups was a robust strategy to improve the application of Co 3 O 4 nanozymes. The enhanced catalytic activity and good biocompatibility of modified Co 3 O 4 nanozymes provided valuable materials for the relative application, such as medical detection and antioxidation.

The detection of phosphate (Pi) under physiological conditions is a very important issue in environmental and biological sciences. Herein, a unique fluorescent probe {[EuL(H2O)1.35(DMF)0.65]·1.9DMF}n (1) was prepared through the organic-inorganic hybridization between asymmetrical tricarboxylate ligands and Eu2O2 clusters under solvothermal conditions. The as-prepared sample 1 exhibited excellent fluorescence properties and could be designed as a self-calibrating fluorescent probe for sensitively and selectively detecting Pi which served as an essential substance in aquatic ecosystems and biological systems. The different responses of the two emission peaks caused by the addition of Pi resulted in a continuous fluorescence color change, which could be clearly observed with the naked eye under UV light lamp illumination at 302 nm. Typically, a good linearity existed between the ratio of dual fluorescence intensities and the Pi contents ranging from 0.1 μM to 15 μM with a low detection limit of 52 nM (S/N = 3). It is noteworthy that the prepared self-calibrating fluorescent probe displayed specific recognition towards Pi anions with satisfactory recovery ranging from 92.8% to 100.6% in water samples and biological fluids. Thus, we can envision that this work may open a new avenue for the detection of many other bioactive ions in environmental and biological samples.

A novel fluorescence sensor (BIP) bearing NH and OH subunits displayed a highly selective and sensitive recognition property for fluoride over other anions. Fluoride-driven ESPT, poorly used in anion recognition and sensing, was suggested to be responsible for the fluorescence enhancement with a blue shift of 35 nm in the emission spectrum.

Paclitaxel-loaded methoxy poly (ethylene glycol )-b-poly (L-lactic acid) diblock copolymer nanoparticles (PMT) were prepared by a self-emulsification/solvent evaporation method. The PMT morphology, size and its distribution, and drug release in vitro were investigated by DLS, UV, TEM and HPLC. The results indicate that PMT show a spherical morphology with inner core and outer shell. The diameter (nm) of PMT increases with the increase of the drug-loaded amount. The initial burst release is not observed, the drug releasing rate in vitro is lower, and the accumulated release increases with the increase of replacement amout of the pH7. 4 medium. This study develops a new formulation for paclitaxel and provides an experimental basis for the intravenous administration of paclitaxel.