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This compilation is made to discuss physical education concepts, applications and teachers and their places in education systems in the world and Turkey. In the developing and changing world, movement education, sports and physical activity have become a part of human life. The effort to act in a more qualified way has always found its place in both daily life and education. Movement, physical education, and gymnastics activities within the education system that started in 17th century Europe and spread to the world will continue to search for direction. Today, when digitalization is constantly revising human life, it emerges as a result of revising the quality problem of physical education teachers. It may be suggested to train physical education and sports teachers who have gained competence by integrating mechanical muscular skills with metacognitive skills.

The aim of this research was examining the mathematical thinking of athletes who are actively engaged in sports in a sports club in terms of various variables. The research was designed as a screening model. The sample of the study consisted of 229 licensed athletes in various clubs. The "Mathematical Thinking Scale" developed by Ersoy (2012) was used in the research. Percentage frequency analysis was used for descriptive analyzes in the analyzes of the data. Mann Whitney-U and Kruskal-Wallis tests were performed among the non-parametric tests to measure the differences between the groups. According to the results of the research, the scores of the athletes depending on the gender variables on the mathematical thinking scale do not differ statistically. According to the educational variables, the total scores of the athletes attending primary education on the mathematical thinking scale are significantly higher than the other groups, and athletes with the lowest scores were the ones that still continue their undergraduate studies. According to the gender variables, there was a difference only in the scores of the problem-solving sub-dimension in mathematical thinking scale dimensions. When the educational status is analyzed by variables, statistical differences are observed among subscales of the mathematical thinking scale except for reasoning. There was no statistically significant difference between the total scores of individual athletes (billiards, tennis, shooting, archery) on the mathematical thinking scale and the scores they got from all subscales of the scale. In the case of team athletes (football, volleyball, basketball), there was a statistically significant difference in favour of those who played soccer and volleyball sports between the total scores they received on the mathematical thinking scale and the scores they received from all the subscales of the scale.

The aim of this research is to examine the mathematical thinking skills of licensed athletes engaged in individual and team sports. The research is designed as a survey model. The sample of the research is composed of 59 female and 170 male licensed athletes (n = 229) and (aged 14 to 52) licensed who do the sports of shooting, billiards, archery, tennis, basketball, football, volleyball in various clubs in Turkey. The "Mathematical Thinking Scale" developed by Ersoy (2012) has been employed in the research. Individual sports athletes are more likely to have higher mathematical thinking scores than team athletes. In sports types; those who play billiards and archery have higher scores of mathematical thinking skills compared to other sports types. According to the type of sports the lowest scores of thinking skills were obtained by basketball players. These differences are valid for higher-level thinking tendencies, reasoning, mathematical thinking skills and problem-solving skills, which are sub-dimensions of the mathematical thinking scale.

Background: This study aims to evaluate the relationship between volumetric measurements of residual tumor via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and pathologic complete response (pCR) in rectal cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT). Methods: Patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who had pelvic MRI for clinical staging and completed nCRT followed by radical resection were included. Two experienced radiologists measured tumor volume on MRI obtained before and after nCRT. We compared the pre- and post-CRT tumor volume and measured tumor volume reduction rates. Results: The median value of tumor volume reduction rate in all patients was 64.7% (min–max − 81.1–98.1%). When the relationship between tumor volume and tumor regression grade (TRG) after nCRT was assessed, it was found that 18 of 21 (86%) patients with a good response (TRG 1) had a post-CRT tumor volume of ≤ 8 cm3 (p = 0.001). While 9 of 10 patients with pCR after nCRT had a tumor volume of ≤ 8 cm3, one patient had pCR despite having a tumor volume greater than 8 cm3 (p = 0.015). Conclusion: The correlation between post-nCRT residual tumor volume and pCR underscores the potential of volumetric MRI as a predictive tool in tailoring rectal cancer treatment. For patients with residual tumor volumes greater than 8 cm3, extending neoadjuvant chemotherapy as part of TNT may enhance the likelihood of achieving pCR. This approach advocates for a more personalized treatment strategy, potentially optimizing outcomes for rectal cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to provide an overview of the games in the "I am Playing Games" (IPG) compilation booklet that was used in the Games and Physical Activity (GPA) curriculum. 257 games in IPG compilation booklet were coded whether they had elements that would enable development of common basic skills or not. Common basic skills were critical thinking, creative thinking, communication, research, problem solving, using information technologies, entrepreneurship, speaking Turkish correctly, effectively, and fluently. Common Skills Control List (CSCL) that includes sub-skills belonging to each common basic skill was used for coding (Dogan, 2014). The results of the study indicated that the games in IPG compilation booklet included elements of critical thinking, creative thinking, and communication skills in all grades. The findings showed that problem solving and entrepreneurship skills were mostly represented in all grades except the first grade. And, research skills were the less used skills in the games. The effort of the study may guide educators and game experts to focus on particular common basic skills in order to create games for particular grade levels.

The purpose of this study was to examine the metaphors which were used to describe the concept "football coach" by some stakeholders in football, such as players, club officials and referees. Each individual (N = 389) within the study group was asked to reveal the single metaphor s/he has in mind in respect of the concept of football coach. The responses were analyzed with the qualitative method of content analysis through the core principles of social cognitive theory. Thirty-three metaphors and 4 conceptual categories were identified. Results showed that players used metaphors related to protective figure while club officials and referees referred to decision-maker figure. There were differences in use of metaphors based on the age of participants.

In this study, the university students who participate in sports have been examined in terms of their socialization relative to the participation in sport activities and the locus of control. Students are thought to be engaged in many activities in addition to their lessons during their student tenure at higher education institutions. Their participation in such activities is examined to find out whether the students take part in the mentioned activities on their own accord, or through the manipulation of others. The sample of this research consisted of students who studied at the Marmara, Istanbul Technical (ITU), and Haliç universities (n=174). Data collection was based on Sahan's (2007) scale of "Role of the Sportive activities in Socialization Process of the University Students" (r = 0.77, r = 0.84) and Dag's (2002) "Scale on Locus of Control" (a = 0.92). The obtained results demonstrate significant differences between the items in the socialization scales and the characteristics of locus of control of the university students. Significant differences have been detected between the items of socialization scales and university students' interest (i.e., amateur, spectator, no interest) in sports. The only significant difference in terms of gender was determined in sport and socialization skills.

The purpose of this study was to examine students' responses to the digital and the active version of Angry Birds™ according to students' mathematics grades. The relational screening model was used to reveal the relationship between the students' responses and their math grades. The participants were 26 elementary and secondary school students enrolled in a state or a private school. Data was collected during the 2012-2013 academic year using a three-question semi-structured interview. First, the responses of the students were analyzed using the qualitative method of content analysis. The responses of the students were examined in two categories based on being either positive or negative. 39 codes were emerged from the responses to the digital games and active games. 27 of the codes were positive while 12 of them were negative. Students whose mathematics grades were 70 and above on a 100 point scale were grouped as high achievers. Those whose mathematics grades were below 70 were grouped as low achievers. Later, the chi-square test was employed to compare the categories with the students' mathematics grades. No significant difference was found between high and low achievers. After playing the digital version, low achievers gave more positive responses while high achievers gave more positive responses after playing the active version.

Copyright of Gazi Medical Journal is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose. Interstitial fibrosis in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma is a subject which is under-investigated. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between interstitial fibrosis, the subtypes of papillary microcarcinoma, and the established prognostic factors. Material and Methods. A total of 75 patients diagnosed with papillary microcarcinoma of the thyroid from January 2011 to December 2020 have been evaluated retrospectively, using demographic features, tumor size, subtype of the tumor, surgical margin status, unifocality, lymphovascular invasion, extracapsular spread and lymph node metastasis as parameters. Hematoxylin and eosin slides were reviewed for interstitial fibrosis. Results. The study includes 13 males and 62 females, in a total of 75 patients. There were 51 patients (68%) with interstitial fibrosis and 24 (32%) patients without interstitial fibrosis. Among them, 45 (60%) were classic, 27 (36%) were follicular variant and 3 (4%) were other subtypes. Interstitial fibrosis is significantly associated with bilaterality (p = 0.023), multifocality (p = 0.004), capsule invasion (p < 0.001) and lymph node metastasis (p = 0.043). Evaluation of tumor sub groups showed significant increased risk of lymphovascular invasion in the follicular variant (p = 0.019). Conclusion. Although the relationship of interstitial fibrosis and prognosis of other cancer types has been discussed, there are few studies in the literature regarding its effect on the prognosis of papillary microcarcinoma. Our results show that interstitial fibrosis can be used as a risk factor. However, new studies are needed to clearly reveal the physiopathology of interstitial fibrosis and its effect on tumorigenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to examine the effect of teacher candidates' individual innovativeness levels on their positive future expectations. A total of 412 teacher candidates, 194 women and 218 men, studying at sports science faculties of universities in Ankara, participated in the research. "Personal Information Form", "Individual Innovativeness Scale" and "Positive Future Expectation Scale" were used in the data collection process. During the data analysis phase, Independent Samples T test, One Way ANOVA analysis, Pearson correlation analysis and Multiple Linear Regression Analysis were used in the SPSS 25.0 program. The research found that the individual innovativeness levels and positive future expectations of the teacher candidates were above the medium level. It was found that the individual innovativeness levels and positive expectations of teacher candidates differ according to the type of university (public, private) and the class they study in (p <0.05). It was observed that there was a positive relationship between the individual innovativeness level and positive future expectation among the teacher candidates participating in the research (p<0.05), and it was also determined that the individual innovativeness level positively affected the positive future expectation (pz0.05). As a result, it can be said that the high level of individual innovativeness in teacher candidates is a factor that increases positive future expectations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thymic tumors are very rare neoplasms in children and account for less than 1% of mediastinal tumors in pediatric patients. One‐third of the pediatric patients present with symptoms related to the compression of the tumor mass on the surrounding anatomic structures, and paraneoplastic syndromes such as myasthenia gravis, pure red cell aplasia, acquired hypogammaglobulinemia, and connective tissue disorders, which rarely occur in children with thymic tumors. Herein, we report a case of thymic carcinoma mimicking the symptoms of a connective tissue disease with symmetrical polyarthritis accompanying myositis, fever, weight loss, and malaise in a 15‐year‐old male patient. To our knowledge, this is the first case pediatric thymic carcinoma accompany with severe polyarthritis and myopathy, thus we have reviewed the current literature regarding the cases of thymic malignancies coexisting with paraneoplastic syndromes in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mediterranean Journal of Sport Science (MJSS) is the property of Mediterranean Journal of Sport Science (MJSS) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nigde University Journal of Physical Education & Sport Sciences / Nigde Üniversitesi Beden Egitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Journal of Physical Education & Sports Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim: One of the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the healthcare system has been the postponement of elective procedures. We aimed to investigate how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected our thyroid fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) results. Materials and Methods: The distribution of cytology results during the 16.5 months of the pandemic was compared with the pre-pandemic period by The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) diagnostic categories. Results: The number of FNABs performed during the pandemic period decreased by 27.3% compared to the pre-pandemic period in our center, in line with the recommendations (1,197 to 327 diagnostic FNABs). Benign biopsy results decreased during the pandemic period compared to the pre-pandemic period (77.3% to 49.5%, p<0.001), and indeterminate biopsy results (AUS/FLUS, FN/SFN, and SUS) increased from 19.5% to 45.9 %, p<0.001. Malign biopsy rates did not differ between pre-pandemic and pandemic periods (3.3% to 4.6%, p=0.25). Conclusion: Although the number of FNAB decreased due to pandemic measures, we found a decrease in benign cytology and an increase in indeterminate for malignancy. The pandemic period allowed us to be more selective when deciding on a biopsy for FNABs. We recommend that the risk assessment of nodules be done carefully when making the biopsy decision in the next period. Although it is recommended not to delay FNAB for nodules at risk for malignancy, it should not be forgotten that the surgical decision should not be hasty in indeterminate results, and follow-up can be continued, or biopsy can be performed again under appropriate conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In a study of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), a fusion transcript between MLH1 and SPATA4 was identified. This fusion has the potential to generate the inactive or dominant-negative form of the protein. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether mismatch repair protein deficiency occurr in MCC cases or not, in addition to the overall survival association with histopathologic features. Material and Methods: A retrospective review of 15 patients diagnosed with a biopsy-proven Merkel Cell Carcinoma between 2012 and 2019 was performed. Mismatch repair (MMR) protein expressions were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Results: The median follow-up time was 36 months (mean 41, range 2-103 months). Six (40%) patients died during follow-up. The overall survival (OS) at 1 year, 2 years, 3 years, and 5 years were 87%, 80%, 62%, and 53%, respectively. The patients diagnosed at <60 years had an improved OS compared to those =60 years of age (p=0.016). Patients in clinical stage I had better OS than patients in clinical stage IV (p=0.011). Cases with pathological tumor stage (pT) 1 had better OS than pT3 and pT4 (p=0.045). Adjuvant radiotherapy or adjuvant radiotherapy+chemotherapy treatment improved OS compared to adjuvant chemotherapy (p=0.003). MMR protein nuclear expression was intact in 12 cases available for immunohistochemical study. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the second study that preferentially investigated the mismatch repair protein status of Merkel Cell Carcinoma. No mismatch repair protein deficiency of MCC cases was identified in the current study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Sport & Exercise / Türk Spor ve Egzersiz Dergisi is the property of Turkish Journal of Sport & Exercise and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Self-assessment is described as the students' decision about their own development and study according to some criteria. The sample group consists of 170 students of the 3rd graders of the Primary School Teachers Training Department. The data collection tools are a "Self-Assessment Checklist" and the students' academic grades of the related course. The student teachers seem to perceive that they need some development in all skill areas except "the communication skills". The female subjects have more positive perception about their competency compared to males. As a result of the research, it has been determined that except contributing to the quality of the teaching, self-assessment has no effect on the "product", in other words "class achievement".

Introduction: Mycosis fungoides (MF) is the most common cutaneous lymphoma, accounting for 50% of all cutaneous lymphomas. Programmed death-1 (PD-1; CD279) is a marker of follicular helper T cells and is expressed by the neoplastic T cells of some types of malignant lymphoma, including MF. About 30% of primary cutaneous T-cell lymphomas are CD30 positive and have a broad spectrum from lymphomatoid papulosis to primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma. CD30 expression in MF is important for diagnostic purposes, prognostic value, and a therapeutic perspective. In this study, PD-1 and CD30 expression in early MF lesions has been examined, and its relationship between prognosis and survival has been questioned. The byproducts could be unorthodox treatment options. Methods: We prospectively applied immunohistochemically CD30 and PD-1 antibodies to the biopsies at our institution. We statistically evaluated the relationship between the expression rates of CD30 and PD-1 in atypical lymphocytes, with recurrence and survival. Results: This research with 119 patients was able to show a statistically significant relationship between CD30 and recurrence with PD-1 and poor survival. Conclusions: When evaluated together with treatment options, CD30 and PD-1 are markers that may guide the clinical follow-up of aggressive MF cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To share the clinical, radiological and biochemical features of rare atypical pathologies in our adrenalectomy series. Materials and Methods: Patients with atypical adrenal pathology among patients who underwent open or laparoscopic adrenalectomy for various indications were retrospectively reviewed. the hormonal behavior, radiological and pathological features of rare atypical adrenal pathologies in our series are demonstrated. Information about the postoperative follow-up and surveillance of the patients is given. Results: Rare adrenal pathologies were detected in 17 (11.6%) of 146 patients who underwent adrenalectomy. Adrenal cysts (6), cavernous hemangioma (3), ganglioneuroblastoma (1), ganglioneuroma (2), ectopic thyroid tissue (1), schwannoma (1), arteriovenous malformation (1), sarcomatoid carcinoma (1), and primary adrenal lenfoma (1) were the rare atypical adrenal pathologies in our series. Conclusion: Although there are no specific laboratory or radiological findings for most atypical adrenal pathologies, it should be kept in mind that such pathologies with a benign course can also be encountered by the clinician. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]