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Due to varying structure, random load demands, nonlinearities, parameters ambiguity, steadily escalating size and intricacy of the interconnected power system (IPS), automatic generation control (AGC) is treated as one of the biggest crucial issues in IPS. Hence, expert, intelligent and robust control scheme is indispensable for stable operation of IPS and supply of electricity under sudden load demand disturbances. In vision of this, in this work, a novel cascade fuzzy-proportional integral derivative incorporating filter (PIDN)-fractional order PIDN (FPIDN-FOPIDN) controller is offered as an expert control strategy to deal effectively with AGC issue of IPS. Imperialist competitive algorithm is prolifically utilized for optimizing the controller parameters. Initially, a two area non-reheat thermal IPS is studied in detail and next to attest the efficacy of the technique, the study is extended to realistic two-area multi-source thermal-hydro-gas and reheat thermal three-area systems. The prominent benefit of cascade FPIDN-FOPIDN strategy comprises its great lethargy to large load demands and its supremacy over various latest intelligent classical/fuzzy controllers. The control strategy beats several techniques concerning significant lesser settling time, oscillations, over/under shoots and different performance index values. Finally, a robustness investigation is performed in order to validate the robustness of the controller.

The blackout experiences have demonstrated the vulnerability of the interconnected electric power system to grid failure caused by natural disasters and unexpected phenomena. Changes in customer needs, additional stress due to liberalized electricity markets, and a high degree of dependency of today's society on sophisticated technological services also intensify the burden on traditional electric systems and demand for a more reliable and resilient power delivery infrastructure. This paper discusses the design of a restructured electric distribution network that employs a large number of small distributed energy resources (DER) units, which can improve the level of system reliability and provide service differentiations. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]