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Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the number of patient comorbidities and the delays in seeking treatment for coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods This longitudinal study utilized secondary data from the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor (NCDRF) cohort study conducted in Bogor City. Individuals who participated in the NCDRF cohort study and were diagnosed with CHD within the 6-year study period met the inclusion criteria. Respondents who were not continuously monitored up to the 6th year were excluded. The final sample included data from respondents with CHD who participated in the NCDRF cohort study and were monitored for the full 6-year duration. The final logistic regression analysis was conducted on data collected from 812 participants. Results Among the participants with CHD, 702 out of 812 exhibited a delay in seeking treatment. The risk of a delay in seeking treatment was significantly higher among individuals without comorbidities, with an odds ratio (OR) of 3.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.735–7.036; p

Introduction: Depression is one form of common mental disorder that significantly impacts adolescents. The emotional well-being of parents and family can directly influence adolescents’ mental states. This study aimed to assess the association between parental depression and adolescents aged 15–19 years. Methods: This study utilized data from the third, fourth, and fifth cycles of the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) conducted jointly by Research and Development Corporation and Universitas Gadjah Mada. Adolescent depression was assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression-10, in which IFLS-5 (2014) data were analyzed. At the same time, parental depression was measured using data from IFLS-4 (2007) and IFLS-5 (2014). The study sample consisted of adolescents living with their parents, and 1104 adolescents were involved in the analysis. A multivariate logistic regression model of potentially contributing factors was employed to analyze the role of parental depression in adolescent depression. Results: A substantial portion of adolescents (21.2%) reported experiencing depression, with a higher prevalence observed among girls (25.3%). Adolescents were more likely to experience depression if their parents also reported depressive symptoms. According to 2014 data, as many as 25.4% of adolescents with mothers experiencing depression also reported feeling depressed. Meanwhile, 28.1% of adolescents experienced depression at the same time that their fathers felt depressed. Parental depression affected adolescent depression and had a significant and greater effect on female adolescents. Conclusion: This study revealed a strong association between parental depression and adolescent depression in Indonesia. The results underscore the importance of family-based interventions to reduce the adverse effects of depression on adolescents.

BACKGROUND: Before WHO revoked the emergency use authorization for Chloroquine (CQ) and Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) because of their side effects, it was suggested to use these two drugs for COVID-19 therapy. In addition, another derivate of quinine, namely Quinine Sulfate (QS), showed good in silico and in vitro antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. Prior the WHO revocation, this study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of QS in mild-to-moderate COVID-19 patients. METHODS: This was an adaptive, controlled, multicenter, randomized, double-blind clinical trial involving mild-to-moderate COVID-19 patients in Indonesia. The participants were divided into 2 groups: the control group (standard COVID-19 treatment + placebo) and the treatment group (standard COVID-19 treatment + QS). The primary outcome was the efficacy of QS based on clinical status using a 7-point ordinal scale. The secondary outcomes were the efficacy of QS in terms of the incidence and duration of oxygen supplementation, incidence of mechanical ventilation, and length of stay. RESULTS: No significant difference in the efficacy parameters studied was found between the control group and the treatment group. The difference in the mean oxygen saturation was also measured and the results showed a significant difference where the treatment group had higher mean oxygen saturation than the control group (p=0.001). CONCLUSION: Although not significant, the treatment group showed better therapy outcomes compared to the control group. KEYWORDS: clinical trials, efficacy, quinine, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine

Abstract Background The Improving Mental Health Literacy Among Children and Young People in Indonesia (IMPeTUs) intervention is a co-produced, evidence-based digital intervention designed to improve anxiety and depression focused mental health literacy and self-management among people aged 11–15 in Java, Indonesia. This study aimed to evaluate the usability, feasibility and preliminary impact of our intervention. Methods Mixed methods, multi-site case studies based on a theory of change. Pre-and post-assessments of a range of outcomes and qualitative interviews/focus groups with children and young people (CYP), parents and facilitators. The intervention was implemented in 8 health, school and community sites across Java, Indonesia (Megelang, Jakarta and Bogor). Quantitative data designed to understand the impact of and feasibility of evaluating the intervention collected from 78 CYP who used the intervention were analysed descriptively. Qualitative data from interviews and focus groups collected from 56 CYP, 49 parents/caregivers and 18 facilitators were analysed using framework analysis. Results Qualitative data analysis indicated high levels of usability and acceptability for the interface aesthetic, personalisation, message presentation and navigation. Participants reported minimal burden and no negative outcomes associated with the intervention. CYP, parents and facilitators identified a range of direct and spill over effects of interventions engagement, some of which were not anticipated at study outset. Quantitative data highlighted the feasibility of intervention evaluation, with high levels of recruitment and retention across study time points. Minimal changes were identified in outcomes pre-to-post intervention, which may in part be due to a lack of scale relevance and/or sensitivity to the intervention mechanisms indicated in the qualitative data. Conclusions Digital mental health literacy applications are potentially an acceptable and feasible way to prevent burdens of common mental health problems amongst CYP in Indonesia. Our intervention and evaluative processes will be further refined prior to definitive evaluation.

Speaking skill is considered the most difficult to learn. On the other hand, speaking subject is considered a failure in providing competence to students. This can be proven by the lack of student's ability to speak Arabic and the value of learning outcomes. This study aimed to develop cybernetic-based kalam materials that can be used by students at the junior high school level as innovations in the use of teaching materials and learning theory. This research used the RD method by adapting the six steps of Borg and Gall model development. Meanwhile, a small group trial was conducted on 24 students of an Islamic junior high school in Ogan Ilir, using by purposive random sampling technique. This research resulted in kalam material products using the Canva application. The validation of material experts is 84% and media experts get 90.76% so it can be concluded that the product developed is suitable for use with the revisions suggested by validators. Based on the comparison of pretest results showed an average of 48.33 and the post-test results were 78.33. Then continued with the nonparametric test, namely the Wilcoxon test. This test was chosen because the data is not distributed normally. Asimp Wilcoxon. Sage. (2-tailed) equals 0.000. Since the value of 0.000 is less than 0.05, it can be concluded that the "hypothesis is acceptable". The results of the effectiveness test showed the development of Cybernetic-based speaking materials in improving knowledge and skills in speaking languages.

The increasing use of fossil-based fuels causes an imbalance between energy demand and the availability of that energy. Therefore, the use of rice husk biomass as alternative energy was implemented through the use of rice husk furnaces. This research aims to optimize the efficiency of a small industrial-scale husk furnace by varying the oxygen flow valve holes and the mass of the heated water. The test on the husk furnace was carried out using the Water Boiling Test (WBT) method with the following test parameters: combustion time, FCR, input power, output power, power loss, radiant energy, and thermal conductivity of the pan and chimney of the husk furnace. Tests were carried out on four variations of the oxygen flow valve holes (horizontal: 18 x 36 cm2 and 27 x 36 cm2, vertical: 27 x 24 cm2 and 27 x 12 cm2) and three variations in the mass of heated water (6 kg, 12 kg, and 18 kg). The highest efficiency of the husk furnace was obtained at 18 kg of water, and based on each test parameter, the performance of the husk furnace was most optimal at the horizontal valve hole measuring 27 x 36 cm2 with an average efficiency of 17.32%.

Quantum mechanics is a theory that describes the behavior of particles in the microscopic world. If the stock index can be considered an object on a macro scale, then every stock of a stock index is an object on a micro-scale. The stock price can be analogous to being a particle. This study aimed to obtain the density distribution of stock returns. Modeling stock returns distribution using a Schrodinger equation model with the assumption that stock is a particle in the good delta potential function so that stock returns as analogous to particles can be known. The Schrodinger equation can calculate stock returns expressed as an exponential distribution. The stock return density distribution using Schrodinger equation model has a higher kurtosis value than the kurtosis value in the normal distribution. The kurtosis value is the degree of the peak height of a distribution. The stock price data used is the stock price data of PT. United Tractors Tbk. and PT. Unilever Indonesia Tbk. during 2013-2018. This study shows the stock price of PT. Unilever Indonesia Tbk. has a more stable average stock price return with a more negligible risk of loss than the stock price of PT. United Tractors Tbk.

Rice husk has high silica (SiO2) content and can be used as the primary material for making nano-silica. One of the methods for synthesizing nano-silica was the hydrothermal method. The objective of this study was to synthesize nano-silica from rice husks by observing the effect of temperature in the hydrothermal process on the structure, electrical and particle properties of nano-silica. The hydrothermal process temperature was 150, 200, and 250 °C for 4 hours. The results showed that all nano-silicas were in the amorphous phase. The particle size was in the range of 0.16-13.49 nm with more uniform size distribution on nano-silicas of 200 °C and 250 °C than nano-silica at 150 °C. These three nano-silicas were included in the semiconductor category by increasing temperature and frequency. In addition, these treatment variations resulted 200 °C for 4 hours and pressure of 2 atm as the optimum treatment for manufacturing nano-silica of rice husk ash. This nano-silica could be used as semiconductor material for electronic industry.

The rhodinol content is an essential component in determining the citronella oil qualities. This study aimed to develop a model calibrated to predict the rhodinol content in citronella oil using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. This research is the initial stage in developing a spectral smart sensor system that predicts the rhodinol content of citronella oil in the distillation and fractionating process. Citronella oil samples were scanned by NIRFlex liquid N-500 with a wavelength of 1 000-2 500 nm having an absorbance value (log 1/T). The accuracy of the prediction was achieved using the partial least square (PLS) model. Based on the NIR spectrum at a peak of around 1 620 nm, the rhodinol content in the citronella oil was estimated. The finest model to predict the rhodinol content was y = 0.9874x + 15.6439 with a standard error of the calibration set (SEC) = 2.78%, a standard error of the prediction set (SEP) = 2.88%, a ratio of the performance to the deviation (RPD) = 9.23, a coefficient of variation (CV) = 16.81%, and the correlation coefficient (r) = 0.99. The NIR and PLS models are possible to use for the initial stage in developing a spectral smart sensor system to determine the rhodinol content of citronella oils.

This research aims to examine the characteristics of bulletproof vests from corncob oil palm empty fruit bunch (COPEFB) biocomposite, where mechanical, electrical, and physical resistance tests have been successfully conducted. The variations in the diameter of the twisted thread used to make the basic material for bulletproof vests include 1 mm, 3 mm, 6 mm, and 10 mm, which were tested for their mechanical, electrical, and physical properties. To identify which biocomposite is good at damping bullets, an impact and a firing test were carried out to determine the kinetic energy and the depth of the bullet, respectively. The results showed that the impact value improved with an increase in the diameter of the twisted yarn used. The largest and the lowest impact values were 1.157 kJ and 0.277 kJ on the epoxy sample with a twisted thread diameter of 10 mm and 1 mm, respectively. It was also discovered that the biocomposite samples made from 6 mm to 10 mm twisted threads were the best samples, impermeable to bullets. This was due to the excess natural fiber content which improved the flexibility and absorption of kinetic energy from the high rate of projectile bullets. According to the results of the firing test, some samples are translucent, while others cannot be penetrated by bullet projectiles. The projectile went inside, and the composite was damaged. All the high filler loading samples were translucent to bullets, while some of the low loading samples were translucent and impermeable to bullets. Based on these results, biocomposite samples made of 6 mm and 10 mm twisted yarn are the best samples that are impermeable to bullets.

Farmers' knowledge of the amount and dosage of fertilizers recommended for a practical fertilization system is low. As the result, the plant does not fully absorb the given fertilizer. Some fertilizers are leached by the flowing water and wasted into the soil layer. In long term basis, this practice can cause environmental pollution, especially on the land, water and air. Due to this fertilization problem in agriculture practice, a material with a high-water absorption capacity, which further releases it together with the fertilizer over a desirable period of time, is needed. One way to effectively provide water and nutrients to the plants and improve the physical and chemical properties of the fertilizzer is by the application of hydrogel. In this work, the release of urea fertilizer in a hydrogel-based on corncob cellulose was prepared using N, N'-Methylene Bis-acrylamide (MBA) as a crosslinker was studied. This research aims to produce a hydrogel with good physical and mechanical properties using acrylamide based on corn cobs cellulose and can be applied as a fertilizer carrier matrix whose structure can regulate fertilizer release. The treatments tested were MBA concentrations of 0%, 1%, and 2%, while the ratio of cellulose: solvent was 1: 2 and the addition of urea fertilizer with a concentration of 5%. The results showed that the swelling value increased with increasing acrylamide in the treatment ratio of the concentration of cellulose: acrylamide-acrylamide (NS: AAm). Fertilizer factors also gave a good swelling value. This shows that the addition of fertilizers gives maximum results. The hydrogel with the best treatment, namely the concentration ratio of 1% MBA, produced a swelling value of 7633.3%, a gel fraction of 76.51%, 1.73 miligram fertilizer loading, fertilizer release by 2.9%, a hardness of 7,865 N, with the morphology showing urea crystals in the form of white spots and showing the results of a slow but optimum release rate of fertilizer so that it can be applied for agriculture that requires a lot of nutrients at the beginning of growth. Keywords: corncorb; cellulose; hydrogel; N’,N’-Methylene Bis-acrylamide (MBA), slow released fertilizer

Accurate immunoassays with a good correlation to neutralizing antibodies are required to support SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis, management, vaccine deployment, and epidemiological investigation. We conducted a study to evaluate the performance and correlation of the surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) and other commercial immunoassays. We tested 107 sera of COVID-19 confirmed cases from three different time points, 58 confirmed non-COVID-19 sera, and 52 sera collected before the pandemic with two sVNTs, seven chemiluminescent assays, and one fluorescein assay. All assays achieved excellent sensitivity (95%–100%, ≥15 days after onset of illness), specificity (95.5%–100%), and showed moderate to high correlation with GenScript sVNT (r = 0.58 to r = 0.98), except Roche total antibodies (r = 0.48). Vazyme sVNT and Siemens total antibodies showed the highest correlation with GenScript sVNT (r = 0.98 and 0.88, respectively). Median indexes that may be used to estimate sera with the highest ability to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 and ACE-2 receptor attachment (GenScript sVNT inhibition 90%–100%) were 6.9 S/C (Abbott IgG), 161.9 COI (FREND™ IgG), 16.8 AU/ml (Snibe IgG), 40.1 S/CO (Beckman IgG), 281.9 U/ml (Mindray IgG), 712.2 U/ml (Mindray total antibodies), >10 index (Siemens total antibodies), and 95.3% inhibition (Vazyme sVNT). All ten commercial COVID-19 serology assays, with different targeting antigens, demonstrated a reliable performance, supporting the utility of those assays in clinical and research settings. However, further studies using more samples are needed to refine the results of evaluating the performances of these marketed serological assays. Reliable serological assays would be useful for clinicians, researchers and epidemiologists in confirming SARS-CoV-2 infections, observing SARS-CoV-2 transmission, and immune response post infection and vaccination, leading to better management and control of the disease.

A simple model for predicting Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic is presented in this study. The prediction model is presented based on the classic Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered (SIR) model, which has been widely used to describe the epidemic time evolution of infectious diseases. The original version of the Kermack and McKendrick model is used in this study. This included the daily rates of infection spread by infected individuals when these individuals interact with a susceptible population, which is denoted by the parameter β, while the recovery rates to determine the number of recovered individuals is expressed by the parameter γ. The parameters estimation of the three-compartment SIR model is determined through using a mathematical sequential reduction process from the logistic growth model equation. As the parameters are the basic characteristics of epidemic time evolution, the model is always tested and applied to the latest actual data of confirmed COVID-19 cases. It seems that this simple model is still reliable enough to describe the dynamics of the COVID-19 epidemic, not only qualitatively but also quantitatively with a high degree of correlation between actual data and prediction results. Therefore, it is possible to apply this model to predict cases of COVID-19 in several countries. In addition, the parameter characteristics of the classic SIR model can provide information on how these parameters reflect the efforts by each country to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 outbreak. This is clearly seen from the changes of the parameters shown by the classic SIR model.

The COVID-19 pandemic was impacting the health and economy around the world. All countries have taken measures to control the spread of the epidemic. Because it is not known when the epidemic will end in several countries, then the prediction of the COVID-19 pandemic is a very important challenge. This study has predicted the temporal evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic in several countries using the logistic growth model. This model has analyzed several countries to describe the epidemic situation of these countries. The time interval of the actual data used as a comparison with the prediction results of this model was starting in the firstly confirmed COVID-19 cases to December 2020. This study examined an approach to the complexity spread of the COVID-19 pandemic using the logistic growth model formed from an ordinary differential equation. This model described the time-dependent population growth rate characterized by the three parameters of the analytical solution. The non-linear least-squares method was used to estimate the three parameters. These parameters described the rate growth constant of infected cases and the total number of confirmed cases in the final phase of the epidemic. This model is applied to the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in several countries. The prediction results show the spread dynamics of COVID-19 infected cases which are characterized by time-dependent dynamics. In this study, the proposed model provides estimates for the model parameters that are good for predicting the COVID-19 pandemic because they correspond to actual data for all analyzed countries. It is based on the coefficient of determination, R2, and the R2 value of more than 95% which is obtained from the non-linear curves for all analyzed countries. It shows that this model has the potential to contribute to better public health policy-making in the prevention of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Internet of Things (IoT) is a system that connects devices directly or indirectly to the internet. The device can work with remote control. One application of the IoT system on the watering system is able to provide an approach to the ease in the process of growth and development of plants. The research carried out was applied to an IoT-based smart plant watering device. The tool is supported with a soil moisture measuring sensor that acts as a benchmark to determine the condition of soil moisture and automatic control of the process of watering plants. The process of watering plants is scheduled in the morning and evening. Information, as long as the device is run will be displayed on the LCD and screen of an Android-based smartphone application. The data can be a comparison value to determine the suitability of soil moisture data in plants. The volume of water supplied in the watering process also affects the level of soil moisture. IoT-based smart plant sprinklers can automate watering by measuring the percentage of soil moisture as a benchmark for providing water during the watering process. Remote watering control can also be done on this tool by using a WiFi signal to the same access point that is connected to the smartphone client and microcontroller.

The embedded systems in the industrial, especially image processing, is increasingly leading to the study of production automation systems such as fruit sorting. Post-harvest sorting system implemented by the industry is manual, so it’s not effective. The solution was to conduct research aimed at modifying post-harvest sorting tools by engineering tomato and orange sorting machines based on their color. The method uses image processing. It’s the most efficient alternative in terms of cost and complexity of hardware design, does not require many sensors, but produces an accurate output. The camera is placed on the mechanical sorting machine system, taking images to determine the sorting execution after the fruit color type are recognized. The results of the research were carried out through several tests, namely: light intensity, color image data, and organoleptics. Light intensity test showed that the position of the tool had a value of 0.78% of the outside light disturbance. Color image shows the range of ripeness values (R/G) for raw tomatoes 0

Sorghum is a commodity which is expected to be an alternative food source to reduce the need for national rice. This plant has great potential to be developed in Indonesia because it has a large area of adaptation, including on degraded dry land. This study aims to analyse the growth and production of sorghum plants and changes in chemical soil properties due to the treatment of mulch and organic fertilizer in the first planting period. The study design uses a Split Plot Design, which the Main-Plots is mulching, consist of M0: None mulch, and M1: Straw mulch; Sub-Plot (organic fertilizer) consisting of: B0: None organic fertilizer (0 ton ha-1), B1: Cow manure (25 ton ha-1), B2: Compost (25 ton ha-1), B3: Cow manure (12.5 tons ha-1) + compost (12.5 tons ha-1). This study finding that organic fertilizer significantly increased vegetative and yield of sorghum. In addition, cultivating sorghum either without mulching or by applying mulch and organic fertilizers can improve soil chemical properties in dry land.

Using of critical land for agricultural cultivation must be done carefully and wisely, given the status of the land itself which has vulnerability. The first step that can be done is to analyse the soil properties that are important and related to plant growth factors, especially the chemical and physical properties of soils which directly affect plant growth. The purpose of this study is to describe the characteristics of critical dry land in Indrapuri and Blang Bintang Sub-district, Aceh Besar Regency, Aceh Province. The research method was used a field survey covering the area of Indrapuri and Blang Bintang Sub-districts. The descriptive analysis was done for the field data and laboratory obtained. Soil samples that have been taken from the field before being analyzed are air dried for 1 week, after that they are ground and sieved using 2.0 sieves for soil texture analysis and using 0.5 mm sieves for analysis of soil chemical properties such as pH, C-organic, exchangeable cations (Ca-dd, Mg-dd, K-dd, and Na-dd), cations exchange capacity (CEC), base saturation (KB), total nitrogen, and P2O5. The finding of this study is there are 3 categories of critical land in Blang Bintang Sub-district, namely critical potential of 2,027 ha, critical land of 861 ha, and very critical land with an area of 1,341 ha. Land in the agricultural cultivation area in Indrapuri Sub-district has 3 (three) levels of land criticality, namely: uncritical land area of 5,280 ha, rather critical land area of 6,562 ha, and critical area of 3,135 ha. Land with varying degrees of criticality in Blang Bintang and Indrapuri Sub-districts is generally has very low to low soil fertility.

BackgroundMental illness is a leading cause of disease burden amongst children and young people (CYP). This is exacerbated in low- and middle-income (LMIC) countries which often have embryonic care structures. Understanding and targeting illness beliefs is a potentially efficacious way of optimising the development of health prevention interventions. These beliefs remain relatively underexplored in CYP in LMIC contexts. Aim: To develop an in-depth understanding of CYPs beliefs about mental health and illness in Indonesia.Methods and findingsSemi-structured interviews (n = 43) combined with photo elicitation methodology were undertaken with CYP aged 11-15 from Java, Indonesia. Our sample comprised those living with (n = 19) and without (n = 24) high prevalence mental health conditions, specifically anxiety or depression. Data were analysed using framework analysis, informed by the Common Sense Model of Self-Regulation of Health and Illness. Positive mental health and illness were dichotomised in accounts with mental health typically characterised as an absence of mental disturbance. This contributed to attributions of abnormality and the marginalisation of those with mental illness. Mental illness was conceptualised as a single entity, commonly arising from individual failings. This prompted feelings of self-stigma in those with lived experience of mental illness. Analysis identified marked differences in the perceived time dimensions of positive mental health and illness with mental illness conceived as less transient than episodes of positive mental health. Illness beliefs appeared relatively consistent across the two groups of CYP although some nuanced differences were identified. CYP with anxiety and depression were less likely to believe that mental illness could be diagnosed visually, more likely to uphold multiple causal factors and endorse the potential efficacy of professional input.ConclusionsPublic health interventions to increase understanding may be necessary to develop healthcare systems to reduce treatment barriers, optimise return on investment and enhance population health effect.

Abstract Background Public engagement events are an important early strategy in developing a meaningful research agenda, which is more impactful and beneficial to the population. Evidence indicates the potential of such activities to promote mental health literacy. However, this has not yet been explored in Indonesia. Aim This paper describes a mental health public engagement festival carried out in Indonesia in November 2018 and uses evaluation data to consider the acceptability and use of such activities in Indonesia in the future. Method Evaluation data was collected from 324 of the 737 people who attended a six-day mental health festival comprising 18 events including public lectures, film screenings, arts activities, exercise classes and panel discussions. Attendees were asked to evaluate the festival in terms of its quality, benefits and areas for improvement. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the evaluation data. 87 service users, carers, academics and professionals also engaged in a research prioritisation exercise to collaboratively determine mental health research priorities for Indonesia. Results Participants evaluated the festival extremely positively with a significant majority (92%) rating the quality of the festival as good or excellent. Attendees reported an increase in their understanding of mental health issues and identified intended behaviour change including an increased propensity for future engagement with mental health research. Key strengths of the festival included the central role of patients, carers and the local community in the design and delivery of the festival which promoted emotional engagement and development of shared understanding and the use of international experts which in attendees’ opinion further enhanced the credibility of festival activities. Conclusion This manuscript indicates that a co-produced mental health public engagement festival is a potentially acceptable way to increase awareness of mental health in Indonesian populations. Future festivals should be larger in scope and target men, older people and the general public to maximise benefit and incorporate rigorous evaluation of effectiveness.

Abstract Background Depression and anxiety are two of the leading causes of disease burden in low-to-middle income coutnries. The World Health Organisation has engaged in a programme of scaling-up mental health services, but significant challenges remain. Improving mental health literacy in children and young people, a core part of recent, global health strategies has the potential to address some of these challenges. The study aims to co-develop and feasibility test, a culturally-appropriate toolkit to promote depression and anxiety focused mental health literacy and self-management skills in Indonesia, for children aged 11–15 years. Methods A mixed methods study comprising four phases. Through a systematic review of existing evidence, phase 1 will review approaches to improve mental health literacy and self-management in South East Asia and critically review current evidence regarding intervention effect. Phase 2 will explore stakeholders’ views on depression, anxiety and mental health more broadly and identify priorities for the intervention through the use of semi-structured interviews and/or focus groups with policy makers, clinicians, teachers, adolescent service users, carers and young people aged 11–15. Phase 3 will comprise iterative workshops with local stakeholders to present our findings and co-produce a testable, culturally appropriate toolkit to promote mental health literacy and depression/anxiety focused self-management in 11–15 year olds in Java, Indonesia. Phase 4 comprises feasibility evaluation of our developed intervention via nine in-depth case studies (Jakarta, Bogor and Magelang). We will examine the impact, acceptability and feasibility of our prototype intervention and produce evidence-based guidelines for wider implementation. Discussion Tools to support mental health literacy and self-management are a low cost way in which mental health services in LMICs can attempt to address the burden of anxiety and depression amongst children and young people. However, this is an underexplored area in Indonesia. Working closely with local stakeholders, this study will design and undertake feasibility evaluation of co-produced mental health literacy and anxiety and depression focussed interactive self-management tools. This abstract has also been published on the funders website (UK Research and Innovation. Improving Mental Health Literacy Among Young People aged 12-15 years in Indonesia 2019).

Lithium tantalate silicate (LiTaSiO5) has successfully been made on Si (100) p-type and Si (111) n-type by chemical solution deposition (CSD) technique with temperatures variation of 600, 650, 700, 750, and 800 oC. Determined the film thickness as well as and test the optical properties with UV-Vis spectroscopy. The maximum absorbance of the substrates were 420 and 980 nm. The maximum band of films on Si (100) was 2.94 eV a temperature of 650 oC and Si (111) was 3.06 eV a temperature of 800 oC

Pada paper ini, dilakukan pemilihan feature dari citra RGB (Red-Green-Blue) untuk memprediksi tingkat kemanisan buah belimbing yang dicirikan dengan kandungan TPT (Total Padat Terlarut). Dari feature terpilih, dilakukan transformasi komponen utama satu dimensi (1D-PCA) dan dua dimensi (2D-PCA) untuk mereduksi dimensi citra. Kemudian dilanjutkan dengan proses pengenalan tingkat kemanisan yang dalam paper ini dikelompokkan menjadi tiga, yaitu manis, sedang, dan asam. Nilai batas tiap kelompok didasarkan pada bentuk histogram nilai TPT. Dari 300 citra buah belimbing diperoleh hasil bahwa secara akurasi, teknik 1D-PCA maupun 2D-PCA memberikan hasil yang relatif sama. Namun dari segi kecepatan, 2D-PCA jauh lebih cepat dibanding 1D-PCA, khususnya pada bagian pembentukan sumbu. Model hubungan tingkat kemanisan sebagai fungsi dari nilai RGB memberikan tingkat determinasi terbesarnya 69.9%. Percobaan menunjukkan bahwa 1D-PCA maupun 2D-PCA mampu menerangkan sekitar 95% model hubungan tersebut yang dikembangkan pada ruang asal. Teknik PCA digabungkan dengan jarak Euclidean untuk pengenalan mampu mengenali buah kelompok manis dengan akurasi 100%. Sedangkan untuk kelompok asam dan sedang teknik yang dilakukan gagal melakukan pengenalan dengan baik

Study on eggs properties, based on electrical measurement (conductance and capacitance) was carried out using alternating current signal on frequency variation from 10 Hz to 100 kHz. The electrical properties correlated to physical properties of eggs i.e haugh unit, pH and viscosity. The albumen and yolk of native eggs, which were placed in the cell system from acrylic and electrode plate conductor of cuprum, were used as samples. Hi LCR Tester Hioki with dual probe (modified from four probes) was used to measure electrical properties of samples. This equipment was provided with fixed current source but varies in frequency. The conductance of yolk and albumen increased exponentially if frequency signal was boosted up. The electrical conductance range of albumen was higher than yolk on all frequencies. The capacitance property decreased if frequency signal was boosted up. The decrease was exponential especially at frequency under 100Hz. The albumen capacitance was lower than yolk. The viscosity of yolk and albumen during storage was decreasing. The value of pH was not affected. The pH of albumen was between 9 and 10, and yolk was about 6. Multiple regression method was used to get empiric equation of electrical conductance, capacitance, HU and viscosity. The best correlation between electrical parameter and physical properties is conductance equation of HU and viscosity at 1 kHz.

Abstract Background The goal of this study was to collect information to inform the design of a mental health response following the massive December 2004 earthquake and tsunami in Aceh and North Sumatra, Indonesia. As well as exploring the effect on mental health of direct exposure to the tsunami the study was designed to examine the effect on mental health of immediate post-disaster changes in life circumstances (impact). Methods Information was collected from a sample of 783 people aged 15 years and over in earthquake and tsunami-affected areas of Aceh and Nias, 616 Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) and 167 non-IDPs. The structured questionnaire that was designed for data collection consisted of demographic information, measures of disaster exposure and of changes in life circumstances (impact), the extended version of the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ), and a brief measure of resilience. Group comparisons, contrasting responses of IDPs and non-IDPs, were by chi-square for frequency data and t-tests for ordinal or continuous data. Hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses were performed to examine the relative contributions to psychopathology of demographic variables and measures of exposure, impact and resilience. Results High rates of psychopathology, including symptoms of anxiety and affective disorders and post-traumatic stress syndrome, were recorded in the overall sample, particularly in Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) who experienced more substantial post-disaster changes in life circumstances (impact). The IDP group experienced significantly more SRQ symptoms than did the non-IDP group. Demographic factors alone accounted for less two percent of variance in SRQ-scores. Higher SRQ-20 scores were observed among women, those with lower education, those with diminished resilience beliefs, those experiencing high scores on disaster impact, those experiencing direct exposures to the disaster, and due to (unmeasured) conditions related to being an IDP. The greatest effect among these was due to disaster impacts. The pattern was similar when considering post-traumatic stress symptoms separately. Conclusions Negative changes in a person's life circumstances following a disaster appear to have as important an effect on psychopathology as the direct experience of the disaster. Ameliorating the extent and duration of post-disaster negative changes in life circumstances may play an important role in prevention of post-disaster psychological morbidity.

Abstract Background Although attention to human rights in Indonesia has been improving over the past decade, the human rights situation of persons with mental disorders is still far from satisfactory. The purpose of this paper is to examine the legal framework for protection of human rights of persons with mental disorder and the extent to which Indonesia's international obligations concerning the right to health are being met. Methods We examined the Indonesian constitution, Indonesian laws relevant to the right to health, the structure and operation of the National Human Rights Commission, and what is known about violations of the human rights of persons with mental illness from research and the media. Results The focus of the Indonesian Constitution on rights pre-dated the Universal Declaration, Indonesia has ratified relevant international covenants and domestic law provides an adequate legal framework for human rights protections. However, human rights abuses persist, are widespread, and go essentially unremarked and unchallenged. The National Human Rights Commission has only recently become engaged in the issue of protection of the rights of persons with mental illness. Conclusion More than legislation is needed to protect the human rights of persons with mental illness. Improving the human rights situation for persons with mental illness in Indonesia will require action by governments at national, provincial and district levels, substantial increases in the level of investment in mental health services, coordinated action by mental health professionals and consumer and carer organisations, and a central role for the National Human Rights Commission in protecting the rights of persons with mental illness.

This paper discusses the Benders decomposition approach on the multi-objective adjustable robust counterpart optimization model with polyhedral uncertainty set for sugar distribution supply chain problems. It focused on the optimization modeling of sugar distribution among producers, local food hubs, and consumers in sub-districts. This problem is considered a multi-objective mixed integer linear programming problem with two objective functions: to maximize demand fulfillment and minimize logistics costs. Uncertain data was collected from real-life scenarios and analyzed using the adjustable robust counterpart methodology with polyhedral uncertainty set assumption. The uncertain data consisted of the adjustable and non-adjustable variables. This research was carried out in northern Bandung City, Indonesia. The result shows that the evaluation of the two-stage supply chain optimization model with adjustable robust counterpart methodology is effectively solved using the benders decomposition approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the number of patient comorbidities and the delays in seeking treatment for coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods: This longitudinal study utilized secondary data from the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor (NCDRF) cohort study conducted in Bogor City. Individuals who participated in the NCDRF cohort study and were diagnosed with CHD within the 6-year study period met the inclusion criteria. Respondents who were not continuously monitored up to the 6th year were excluded. The final sample included data from respondents with CHD who participated in the NCDRF cohort study and were monitored for the full 6-year duration. The final logistic regression analysis was conducted on data collected from 812 participants. Results: Among the participants with CHD, 702 out of 812 exhibited a delay in seeking treatment. The risk of a delay in seeking treatment was significantly higher among individuals without comorbidities, with an odds ratio (OR) of 3.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.735-7.036; p<0.001). Among those with a single comorbidity, the risk of delay in seeking treatment was still notable (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.259-5.418; p=0.010) when compared to those with 2 or more comorbidities. These odds were adjusted for age, sex, education level, and health insurance status. Conclusion: The proportion of patients with CHD who delayed seeking treatment was high, particularly among individuals with no comorbidities. Low levels of comorbidity also appeared to correlate with a greater tendency to delay in seeking treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Depression is one form of common mental disorder that significantly impacts adolescents. The emotional well‑being of parents and family can directly influence adolescents’ mental states. This study aimed to assess the association between parental depression and adolescents aged 15–19 years. Methods: This study utilized data from the third, fourth, and fifth cycles of the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) conducted jointly by Research and Development Corporation and Universitas Gadjah Mada. Adolescent depression was assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression‑10, in which IFLS‑5 (2014) data were analyzed. At the same time, parental depression was measured using data from IFLS‑4 (2007) and IFLS‑5 (2014). The study sample consisted of adolescents living with their parents, and 1104 adolescents were involved in the analysis. A multivariate logistic regression model of potentially contributing factors was employed to analyze the role of parental depression in adolescent depression. Results: A substantial portion of adolescents (21.2%) reported experiencing depression, with a higher prevalence observed among girls (25.3%). Adolescents were more likely to experience depression if their parents also reported depressive symptoms. According to 2014 data, as many as 25.4% of adolescents with mothers experiencing depression also reported feeling depressed. Meanwhile, 28.1% of adolescents experienced depression at the same time that their fathers felt depressed. Parental depression affected adolescent depression and had a significant and greater effect on female adolescents. Conclusion: This study revealed a strong association between parental depression and adolescent depression in Indonesia. The results underscore the importance of family‑based interventions to reduce the adverse effects of depression on adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An organic field-effect transistor (OFET) based on poly 3-hexyl thiophene (P3HT) as an active layer has been developed to detect ammonia vapor. Silicon dioxide (SiO2) as the dielectric layer on this FET is grown on the surface of the p-type silicon substrate by heating in an oxygen atmosphere in the furnace at 1000 C for 3 hours, oxygen gas (O2) is flowed into the furnace during the heating process. The results of the energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) characterization showed that the silicon substrate which had been oxidized contained about 35 % O2. P3HT as the active layer was grown on the surface of the SiO2 layer using the spin coating method. The I-V characteristics of FET show that the drain-source current (IDS) is affected by changes in the gate voltage (VG). The greater the VG, the higher the Id-s produced. The effect of ammonia vapor shows that IDS on the I-V curve decreases with increasing concentration of ammonia vapor. The dynamic response of the FET to ammonia vapor shows that the greater the VG, the higher the sensitivity of the device. For VG = 0 volt, the sensitivity of FET in ammonia sensing is 0.236 volt/%, meanwhile for VG = – 8 volt, the sensitivity of FET in ammonia sensing is 0.264 volt/%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introductions: Multiple treatments for complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) have been promoted, although the degrees of supporting evidence vary and are often limited. This updated review aims to critically examine the data for treating Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) from current randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted to identify all randomized controlled trials and non-randomized controlled trials addressing the rehabilitation of CRPS conducted on human subjects and published in English between 2018 and 2022 using The Cochrane Library, PubMed, and ScienceDirect (Elsevier). Results: The search yielded 6 RCTs and two non-RCTs of varying quality regarding the treatment of CRPS. 6 studies evaluate the treatment of CRPS, and two studies evaluate the prevention of CRPS. Conclusions: In conclusion, both manual manipulation and physical modality are safe and reliable procedures that provide good pain relief and functional improvement as treatment and prevention of CRPS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

FFA content is one of the essential qualities of oil palm fruit. FFA content exceeding 5% is considered unsuitable for human consumption. Commonly, FFA content is determined by chemical methods in the laboratory, but it is destructive, time-consuming, and costly. Several non-destructive methods have been investigated, but a maturity prediction approach has been primarily used with no direct relation to FFA content. Thus, there is a pressing need for a non-destructive framework to assess the FFA levels in the oil palm fruit directly. An attempt has been explored using a non-destructive palm fruit quality assessment that relied on electrical properties (impedance, admittance, resistance, and capacitance) in the frequency range from 50 Hz to 5 MHz was investigated to predict FFA and moisture content directly. Two statistical analyses were employed: stepwise multiple linear regressions (MLR) and artificial neural networks (ANN) to calibrate and validate electrical properties with FFA and moisture content. The best-performing models ANN showcased significant results: r= 0.96, R²=0.92, SEC at 0.86%, SEP at 0.97%, CV at 19.45%, consistency at 88.54, and RPD at 3.43 for FFA prediction, and r= 0.99, R²=0.98, SEC at 3.09 %, SEP at 3.46 %, CV at 5.44 %, consistency at 89.08 and RPD at 7.02 for predicting moisture content. In modeling oil palm quality determination, applying the ANN method significantly improved model performances, demonstrating its efficacy in predicting non-destructively both FFA levels based on admittance and moisture content based on impedance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]