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Single-crystal architectures in glass, formed by a solid-solid transformation via laser heating, are novel solids with a rotating lattice. To understand the process of lattice formation that proceeds via crystal growth, we have observed in situ Sb2S3 crystal formation under X-ray irradiation with simultaneous Laue micro X-ray diffraction (μXRD) pattern collection. By translating the sample with respect to the beam, we form rotating lattice single (RLS) crystal lines with a consistently linear relationship between the rotation angle and distance from nucleation site. The lines begin with a seed crystal, followed by a transition region comprising of sub-grain or very similarly oriented grains, followed by the presence of a rotating lattice single crystal of unrestricted length. The results demonstrate that the primary cause of lattice rotation within RLS crystals is the densification accompanying the glass → crystal transformation, rather than stresses produced from the difference in thermal expansion coefficient of the two phases or paraelectric → ferroelectric transition during cooling to ambient temperature.

We have investigated the occurrence of the sometimes observed grain boundaries, as initial seed is extended to form line in laser-fabricated single-crystal architecture in glass (SCAG). In particular, for Sb2S3 SCAG in Sb-S-I glass as a model system, grain boundaries are formed during the transition from laser-written initial seed dot to crystal line. Such grain boundaries during the growth of Sb2S3 crystals occur in 16SbI3–84Sb2S3 glass, whereas they are absent in Sb2S3 glass. We correlate this difference in tendency to form multiple grains with the relative glass forming ability i.e. the dynamics of nucleation and crystal growth as determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). On the basis of this understanding, methods to minimize the appearance of grain boundaries in the transition region are suggested.

A rotating lattice single (RLS) crystal is a unique form of solid, which was fabricated recently as one-dimensional architecture in glass via solid state transformation induced by laser irradiation. In these objects, the lattice rotates gradually and predictably about an axis that lies in the plane of the crystal and is normal to the laser scanning direction. This paper reports on the fabrication of Sb2S3 two-dimensional (2D) RLS crystals on the surface of 16SbI3-84Sb2S3 glass, as a model example: individual RLS crystal lines are joined together using "stitching" or "rastering" as two successful protocols. The electron back scattered diffraction mapping and scanning Laue X-ray microdiffraction of the 2D RLS crystals show gradual rotation of lattice comprising of two components, one along the length of each line and another normal to this direction. The former component is determined by the rotation of the first line of the 2D pattern, but the relative contribution of the last component depends on the extent of overlap between two successive lines. By the appropriate choice of initial seed orientation and the direction of scanning, it is possible to control the lattice rotation, and even to reduce it down to 5 for a 50 × 50 μm2 2D pattern of Sb2S3 crystal.

Introduction: The need for intensive care, the complications associated with severe disease, and the vulnerability of older adults and individuals with underlying medical conditions are highlighted. The significance of prevention and the absence of a precise treatment for COVID-19 are emphasized. The introduction also mentions the objective of studying the latest clinical profile of admitted patients at a specific hospital. Material and Methods: This section describes the study conducted at R.D G.M.C. Tertiary Care Hospital in Ujjain, M.P. The procedure involved obtaining approval from the institutional review board and enrolling patients aged 25 years and above who met the specified criteria. Information was collected through a preformed proforma, and the enrolled patients underwent detailed history and clinical examination. Results: The study included 274 patients with a mean age of 48.8 years. The majority of cases were male. The prevalence of comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, COPD, asthma, and tuberculosis was documented. Disease severity was categorized as mild, moderate, or severe, and pneumonia and complications were noted. The duration of hospital stay varied among the patients. Associations between comorbidities, disease severity, and outcomes were analyzed. The results showed significant associations between certain comorbidities and disease severity and between chest X-ray findings, complications, and disease severity. Age and symptoms such as fever, cough, breathlessness, loss of smell, loss of taste, and weakness were found to be significantly associated with patient outcomes. Conclusion: The mortality rate among the patients was determined, and the distribution of disease severity was highlighted. The importance of urgent public health interventions for susceptible groups and the need for regular follow-up for early stratification of cases is emphasized. The abstract acknowledges the ongoing research and studies aimed at addressing the knowledge gaps related to COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been suggested in the literature that by reducing the incoming voltage at a distribution feeder head or at the supply side of buildings, significant electricity savings can be achieved. This technique is called Conservation Voltage Reduction (CVR). Data-based analysis with and without CVR is primarily used to support such assertions, which does not explain the physics behind reduction in energy consumption with CVR. This paper presents a new approach for evaluating the impact of CVR on cooling equipment. In this approach, a thermal-electric model of the cooling process is developed in MATLAB's SIMSCAPE toolbox that can be used to explain the physics behind energy reduction with CVR. This model includes an accurate model of a compressor coupled to an induction motor whose supply voltage can be varied to simulate CVR. Simulations performed using this model show that the Coefficient of Performance (COP) of cooling equipment improves with a reduction in supply voltage. However, the energy lost in the motor windings may nullify the impact of the improvement in the COP and render the CVR programs ineffective if the range of speed change is small over the allowable voltage change. The simulation results show an increase in energy consumption of 4% at 90% rated voltage compared to the energy consumed at the rated voltage. However, if variable frequency drives-based cooling equipment is appropriately controlled, it is possible to reduce their net energy consumption using CVR. Simulations performed keeping the ratio of the supply voltage and the frequency constant showed a reduction in energy consumption of 2.5% at 90% rated voltage compared to the energy consumed at the rated voltage. Thermal-electric modeling of building cooling equipment is, therefore, vital to accurately evaluating the benefits of CVR as smart, power electronics-based end-use equipment is globally adopted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]