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Harmful algal blooms (HABs) resulting from eutrophication pose a major threat to ecosystems and human health, necessitating effective control measures. Allelochemicals have shown their importance in slowing down algal proliferation due to their proven efficacy and low ecological impacts. In this study, allelopathy tea polyphenols (TPs) and β-cyclodextrin were combined to prepare slow-release algicidal microcapsules, and the diversity of microbial community in the algal inhibition process was analyzed. Results showed that TP slow-release microcapsules had strong algicidal activity. When against Microcystis aeruginosa within 20 d, their constant inhibitory rate was up to 99% compared to the control group. Microbial diversity decreased with an increase in algae density, and the species richness and diversity of algae increased under the stress of TP slow-release microcapsules. The redundancy analysis showed that the environmental factors with impacts on the abundance and diversity of bacterial communities in descending order were dissolved oxygen, pH, and temperature. This study provides a theoretical basis for the application of TP slow-release microcapsules to actual water.

旨在低成本制备零反式、低饱和人造奶油基料油，以高油酸葵花籽油和棕榈硬脂为原料油，采用国内外9种脂肪酶为催化剂催化酯交换制备人造奶油基料油，以固体脂肪含量（SFC）和滑动熔点为考察指标，筛选出一种经济且高效的脂肪酶，采用单因素实验和响应面法优化其酶促酯交换的反应条件，并对比酶促酯交换反应前后油脂的脂肪酸组成、甘三酯（TAG）组成以及热力学性质。结果表明：国产毕赤酵母菌脂肪酶价格低廉且催化活性高；酶促酯交换最优工艺条件为酶添加量17%、反应时间 28 min、反应温度48 ℃；在最优条件下进行10倍放大实验，其5、25 ℃时的SFC分别为22.35%、11.67%；与酯交换前相比，酯交换产物的脂肪酸组成无显著变化，TAG由U3和S3型向S2U和SU2型转化，酯交换率为76.40%，中间熔点的TAG含量增加，高熔点和低熔点TAG含量降低，熔化所需热量减少，利口爽滑感更强。因此，国产毕赤酵母菌脂肪酶价格低廉，适宜作为酶促酯交换制备零反式、低饱和人造奶油基料油的催化剂。Aiming to prepare zero trans and low saturated margarine base oil at low cost, using high oleic acid sunflower seed oil and palm stearin as raw materials, 9 lipases from domestic and foreign as catalysts, margarine base oil was prepared by transesterification, and an economical and efficient lipase based on solid fat content (SFC) and sliding melting point as inspection indicators was selected. Then single factor experiment and response surface methodology were used to optimize the reaction conditions of enzymatic transesterification with the selected lipase as catalyst, and the fatty acid composition, triglyceride(TAG) composition, and thermodynamic properties of the base oil before and after enzymatic transesterification were compared. The results showed that the domestic Pichia pastoris lipase was inexpensive and had high catalytic activity. The optimal conditions for enzymatic transesterification were enzyme addition amount 17%, reaction time 28 min and reaction temperature 48 ℃. The base oil was prepared by 10× magnification experiment under the optimal conditions, and its SFC at 5 ℃ and 25 ℃ were 22.35% and 11.67%, respectively. Compared with the oil before transesterification, the fatty acid composition of transesterification products had no significant change, TAG transformed from U3 and S3 to S2U and SU2, the transesterification rate was 76.40%, the content of TAG at middle melting point increased, the content of TAG at high melting point and low melting point decreased, the heat for melting decreased, and the taste was smoother. Therefore, domestic Pichia pastoris lipase is inexpensive and suitable as a catalyst for the preparation of margarine base oil by enzymatic transesterification.

Abstract Background Heart failure (HF), which is caused by cardiac overload and injury, is linked to significant mortality. Writers of RNA modification (WRMs) play a crucial role in the regulation of epigenetic processes involved in immune response and cardiovascular disease. However, the potential roles of these writers in the immunological milieu of HF remain unknown. Methods We comprehensively characterized the expressions of 28 WRMs using datasets GSE145154 and GSE141910 to map the cardiac immunological microenvironment in HF patients. Based on the expression of WRMs, the immunological cells in the datasets were scored. Results Single-cell transcriptomics analysis (GSE145154) revealed immunological dysregulation in HF as well as differential expression of WRMs in immunological cells from HF and non-HF (NHF) samples. WRM-scored immunological cells were positively correlated with the immunological response, and the high WRM score group exhibited elevated immunological cell infiltration. WRMs are involved in the differentiation of T cells and myeloid cells. WRM scores of T cell and myeloid cell subtypes were significantly reduced in the HF group compared to the NHF group. We identified a myogenesis-related resident macrophage population in the heart, Macro-MYL2, that was characterized by an increased expression of cardiomyocyte structural genes (MYL2, TNNI3, TNNC1, TCAP, and TNNT2) and was regulated by TRMT10C. Based on the WRM expression pattern, the transcriptomics data (GSE141910) identified two distinct clusters of HF samples, each with distinct functional enrichments and immunological characteristics. Conclusion Our study demonstrated a significant relationship between the WRMs and immunological microenvironment in HF, as well as a novel resident macrophage population, Macro-MYL2, characterized by myogenesis. These results provide a novel perspective on the underlying mechanisms and therapeutic targets for HF. Further experiments are required to validate the regulation of WRMs and Macro-MYL2 macrophage subtype in the cardiac immunological milieu.

Abstract Understanding the Li-ions conduction network and transport dynamics in polymer electrolyte is crucial for developing reliable all-solid-state batteries. In this work, advanced nano- X-ray computed tomography combined with Raman spectroscopy and solid state nuclear magnetic resonance are used to multi-scale qualitatively and quantitatively reveal ion conduction network of poly(ethylene) oxide (PEO)-based electrolyte (from atomic, nano to macroscopic level). With the clear mapping of the microstructural heterogeneities of the polymer segments, aluminium-oxo molecular clusters (AlOC) are used to reconstruct a high-efficient conducting network with high available Li-ions (76.7%) and continuous amorphous domains via the strong supramolecular interactions. Such superionic PEO conductor (PEO-LiTFSI-AlOC) exhibites a molten-like Li-ion conduction behaviour among the whole temperature range and delivers an ionic conductivity of 1.87 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 35 °Ϲ. This further endows Li electrochemical plating/stripping stability under 50 μA cm−2 and 50 μAh cm−2 over 2000 h. The as-built Li|PEO-LiTFSI-AlOC|LiFePO4 full batteries show a high rate performance and a capacity retention more than 90% over 200 cycling at 250 μA cm−2, even enabling a high-loading LiFePO4 cathode of 16.8 mg cm−2 with a specific capacity of 150 mAh g−1 at 50 °Ϲ.

Abstract CD4+ T cells recognising citrullinated self-epitopes presented by HLA-DRB1 bearing the shared susceptibility epitope (SE) are implicated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the underlying T cell receptor (TCR) determinants of epitope specificity towards distinct citrullinated peptide antigens, including vimentin-64cit59-71 and α-enolase-15cit10-22 remain unclear. Using HLA-DR4-tetramers, we examine the T cell repertoire in HLA-DR4 transgenic mice and observe biased TRAV6 TCR gene usage across these two citrullinated epitopes which matches with TCR bias previously observed towards the fibrinogen β−74cit69-81 epitope. Moreover, shared TRAV26-1 gene usage is evident in four α-enolase-15cit10-22 reactive T cells in three human samples. Crystal structures of mouse TRAV6+ and human TRAV26-1+ TCR-HLA-DR4 complexes presenting vimentin-64cit59-71 and α-enolase-15cit10-22, respectively, show three-way interactions between the TCR, SE, citrulline, and the basis for the biased selection of TRAV genes. Position 2 of the citrullinated epitope is a key determinant underpinning TCR specificity. Accordingly, we provide a molecular basis of TCR specificity towards citrullinated epitopes.

Abstract Background Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) has been reported as a critical predictor on the risks and clinical outcomes of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and we aimed to explore the potential predictive value of cumulative AIP on major adverse cardiac events (MACE), stroke, myocardial infarction (MI) and cardiovascular mortality. Methods A large-scale community-based prospective cohort was established from December 2011 to April 2012 and followed up in May to July 2014. The endpoint outcomes were obtained before December 31, 2021. AIP was calculated as the logarithmically transformed ratio of triglyceride (TG) to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and cumulative AIP was the average value of AIP in 2012 and 2014. Results An overall of 3820 participants (36.1% male) with mean (SD) age of 59.1 (8.7) years, were enrolled. Within a median follow-up of 7.5 years, a total of 371 (9.7%) participants were documented with MACE, 293 (7.7%) participants developed stroke, 68 (1.8%) suffered from MI and 65 (1.7%) experienced cardiovascular mortality. Multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed significant associations between cumulative AIP and the risk of MACE, stroke and MI. Regarding MACE, individuals with one higher unit of cumulative AIP were associated with 75% increment on the incidence of going through MACE in fully adjusted model, while categorizing participants into four groups, individuals in the highest cumulative AIP quartile were significantly associated with increased incidence of MACE (HR = 1.76, 95%CI: 1.27–2.44, p

Two new species, Beaufortia granulopinna and Beaufortia viridis, are described from the upper Pearl River system in southwest China. Both species share the characteristics of the Beaufortia pingi species group, including prominent vertical stripes on the lateral body and pinnate-type lower lips, distinguishing them from other Beaufortia species. Beaufortia granulopinna is differentiated from other species in the group by possessing a unique set of characteristics: the presence of well-developed prominent tubercles on the first 6–9 pectoral fin rays in adults; and a significant proportion (54.76%) of individuals experiencing blurriness or absence of vertical stripes in the mid-section of the lateral body upon reaching adulthood. The minimum interspecific genetic distance within the genus based on mitochondrial cytb gene sequences is 10.80%. Beaufortia viridis is distinguished from other species in the group by consistently exhibiting vertical stripes of uniform length, width, and spacing across all stages of growth; the absence of tubercles on the branched rays of pectoral fins; and a body coloration of dark cyan to green. The minimum interspecific genetic distance within the genus based on mitochondrial cytb gene sequences is 4.60%. Molecular phylogenetic results confirm that the Beaufortia pingi species group forms a monophyletic clade, which is congruent with morphological classification findings. This study also addresses and resolves the taxonomic ambiguity surrounding Beaufortia pingi and Beaufortia zebroida, providing a redescription of these taxa.

Abstract Central blood pressure confers cardiovascular risk prediction ability, but whether the association between central systolic blood pressure (cSBP) and cardiovascular endpoints is independent of peripheral systolic blood pressure (pSBP) remains controversial. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aim to investigate the associations between cSBP and cardiovascular endpoints in models including and excluding pSBP, respectively. Observational studies assessing the risk of composite cardiovascular endpoints with baseline cSBP were searched in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library to May 31, 2022. Risk of bias was assessed by the Newcastle‐Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale, and random‐effects models were used to pool estimates. Finally, 48 200 participants from 19 studies with a mean age of 59.0 ± 6.9 years were included. Per 10 mmHg increase of cSBP was associated with higher risk of composite cardiovascular outcomes (risk ratio [RR]: 1.14 [95%CI 1.08–1.19]) and cardiovascular death (RR: 1.18 [95%CI 1.08–1.30]), and the associations still existed after adjusting for pSBP (RR: 1.13 [95%CI 1.05–1.21] for composite cardiovascular endpoints; RR: 1.25 [95%CI 1.09–1.43] for cardiovascular death). In pSBP‐unadjusted studies, increased cSBP was also associated with higher risk of all‐cause mortality and stroke, but not in the pSBP‐adjusted studies. Both cSBP and pSBP were similarly significantly associated with composite cardiovascular endpoints in models containing them separately and simultaneously. cSBP was significantly associated with cardiovascular events, independently of pSBP. Central or peripheral SBP could supplement cardiovascular risk assessment besides each other.

AbstractAlthough the gut microbial metabolites exhibit potential effects on coronary heart disease (CHD), the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, the active gut microbial metabolites acting on CHD and their potential mechanisms of action were explored through a network pharmacological approach. We collected a total of 208 metabolites from the gutMgene database and 726 overlapping targets from the similarity ensemble approach (SEA) and SwissTargetPrediction (STP) database, and ultimately identified 610 targets relevant to CHD. In conjunction with the gutMGene database, we identified 12 key targets. The targets of exogenous substances were removed, and 10 core targets involved in CHD were eventually retained. The microbiota–metabolites–targets–signalling pathways network analysis revealed that C-type lectin receptor signalling pathway, Lachnospiraceae, Escherichia, mitogen-activated protein kinase 1, prostaglandin-endoperoxidase synthase 2, phenylacetylglutamine and alcoholic acid are notable components of CHD and play important roles in the development of CHD. The results of molecular docking experiments demonstrated that AKT1-glycocholic acid and PTGS2-phenylacetylglutamine complexes may act on C-type lectin receptor signalling pathways. In this study, the key substances and potential mechanisms of gut microbial metabolites were analysed via network pharmacological methods, and a scientific basis and comprehensive idea were provided for the effects of gut microbial metabolites on CHD.