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Abstract Basic information about growth rate and response to silvicultural treatments on potential native species are bottlenecks for the wide use of these species for forest production. In this context, the objective of this work was to evaluate the silvicultural performance of four native species as a function of pruning intensity. The experimental design was completely randomized with ten replications and one plant per plot, in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme, four forest species, and four pruning intensities. At 30 and 42 months, height (H) and diameter at breast height (DBH) were evaluated, then the current annual increment (CAI) was calculated, as well as the mean annual increment (MAI) at 42 months. Guazuma ulmifolia showed higher growth in height and DBH compared to other species at both ages. The pruning resulted in a reduction of MAI in 0.15 cm. year-1 in DBH for every 25% of pruning intensity.

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O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a deposição de serapilheira de espécies arbóreas nativas da Mata Atlântica e o aporte potencial de nutrientes em um sistema agroflorestal (SAF). No local do experimento foram determinados 40 pontos amostrais nas entrelinhas do cafezal, nos quais foram colocados coletores de serapilheira. As folhas depositadas foram coletadas a cada mês, durante um ano, pesadas e separadas por espécie. Foram coletadas folhas frescas e senescentes das espécies arbóreas do SAF e determinado o seu teor de macronutrientes. Entre as espécies estudadas, a cutieria (Joannesia princeps Vell.) apresentou a mais alta produção de serapilheira (76,41 kg MS indivíduo-1 ano-1), seguida de capixingui (Croton floribundus Spreng.), guapuruvu (Schizolobium parahyba Vell.) e fedegoso (Senna macranthera (Collad)). As árvores de cutieira e capixingui apresentaram maior queda de folhas em fevereiro, fedegoso em novembro e guapuruvu em julho. A cutieira destacou-se pela alta capacidade de aporte de nitrogênio (438,5 g indivíduo-1 ano-1) e o capixingui de cálcio (581 g indivíduo-1 ano-1) e potássio (299,7 g indivíduo-1 ano-1). Apesar do alto teor de nitrogênio nas folhas frescas de fedegoso (2,83%), a alta translocação e a baixa deposição de serapilheira fizeram com que o aporte potencial de nitrogênio fosse baixo, em comparação com as outras espécies. As árvores de capixingui e cutieira apresentam grande potencial de aporte de nutrientes ao sistema e, mais especificamente aos cafeeiros, durante a época em que a cultura apresenta alta demanda nutricional.This work aimed to study litter fall deposition of native species from the Atlantic Forest and its potential nutrient input in the agroforestry system. Forty sampling points were determined in the experimental site between the coffee rows where litter collectors were placed. The deposited leaves were collected each month over a year, selected by species, and their dry weight was determined. Fresh and senescent leaves were also collected and their macronutrient was also determined. Among the studied species, cutieira (Joannesia princeps Vell.) presented the highest litter production (76.41 kg MS individual-1 year-1), followed by capixingui (Croton floribundus Spreng.), guapuruvu (Schizolobium parahyba Vell.) and fedegoso (Senna macranthera (Collad).). Cutieira and capixingui trees showed the highest leaf fall in February, fedegoso in November and guapuruvu in July. Cutieira showed high nitrogen input capacity (438.5 g tree-1 year-1), capixingui showed high calcium (581 g tree-1 year-1) and potassium (299.7 g tree-1 year-1) . Despite the high nitrogen content in the fedegoso fresh leaves (2.83%), high translocation and low litter fall resulted in small nitrogen input compared to the other species. Capixingui and cutieira showed high potential of nutrient input to the agroforestry system, and in particular, to coffee plants, during the highest nutrient demand period.

A phytochemical study of chloroform-methanol and methanol extracts of Joannesia princeps Vell. Leaves led to the isolation of twenty eight compounds, including two α-ionones ( 2 , 5 ), three glycosylated monoterpenes ( 1 , 3 , 4 ), eight phenolic compounds ( 6 , 8 , 9 , 12 , 14 , 17 , 18 , 24 ), two gallotannins ( 10 , 11 ), twelve flavonoids ( 7 , 15 , 16 , 19 , 20 – 23 , 25 – 28 ), and one lignan ( 13 ). The structural characterization of the isolated compounds was performed by spectroscopic data and comparison with the literature. All compounds were isolated from this species and from the genus Joannesia for the first time. The chemotaxonomic importance of these metabolites is therefore summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Joannesia princeps is a plant commonly used in folk medicine as laxative for menstrual discomfort and as antihelminthic and antimicrobial to reduce edema and improve tissue healing. The seeds are used in many regions of Brazil as laxative; however, studies are needed to confirm its effectiveness and safety. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of using seeds of this plant on intestinal motility of Wistar rats, evaluate the effects and acute toxicity of its management, as well as determine its phytochemical profile. The evaluation of the effect on the intestinal motility was performed according to the model described by Michelin and Salgado (2004) with modifications. For the evaluation of acute toxicity, we used the model described by Craveiro et al. (2008) and Goloni et al. (2005), and for the analysis of the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, anthraquinones, steroids, and other components, we used the method described by Carvalho et al. (2006). The results showed that J. princeps exhibits laxative effects similar to those of Senna species such as Cassia angustifolia and the phytochemical analysis of ethanol and aqueous extracts showed the presence of alkaloids, triterpenes, and/or steroids compounds. Acute toxicity showed in the first 12 h: piloerection, contortion, decreased respiratory rate, diarrhea, and weight loss. After this period, these changes were no longer observed. It was concluded that the seeds of this plant have potential laxative activity, confirming the popular use and that the dose of 5 g/kg can be considered safe for consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Joannesia princeps (Cotieira) is a well known medicinal plant in Brazil, however, the therapeutic effects of oil obtained from its seeds have still not been demonstrated. The beneficial effects of J. princeps seed oil on cutaneous wound healing on the back of experimental mice were investigated. An excisional lesion in male Swiss mice ( n = 20 per group) was topically treated with mineral oil or J. princeps seed oil once a day beginning on the day of lesion until the third day after wounding. Animals were killed and lesions collected after 14 days. Murine skin fibroblast cultures were treated with J. princeps seed oil and fibroblast activity was evaluated. In the in vivo assay, J. princeps seed oil increased wound contraction and migratory tongue length, but reduced neutrophil and macrophage number when compared with the control group. Blood vessel number, collagen deposition, and VEGF levels were increased in treated lesions when compared with control lesions. However, J. princeps seed oil reduced myofibroblast density and carbonyl protein levels when compared with the control group. In the in vitro assay, treatment with J. princeps seed oil increased fibroblast migration and proliferation, but reduced myofibroblastic differentiation in vitro . In conclusion, J. princeps seed oil accelerates wound closure increasing angiogenesis, keratinocyte migration, and fibroblast activity while reducing inflammatory response and oxidative damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as propriedades biológicas do extrato metanólico, obtido por Soxhlet, seguido de partição líquido/líquido (frações hexânica, diclorometânica, em acetato de etila, butanólica e residual) das sementes de Joannesia princeps. A atividade laxante foi avaliada pelo teste da motilidade intestinal em camundongos. O método de difusão em ágar utilizando Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29737, Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175, Escherichia coli ATCC 11229, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 13111 e Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 90271 e o bioensaio em Artemia salina foram utilizados para investigação da atividade antibacteriana e da toxidez, respectivamente. O extrato metanólico, as frações e a semente pulverizada aumentaram significativamente a motilidade intestinal. O extrato metanólico e a fração residual inibiram o crescimento de todas as amostras bacterianas de referência testadas, enquanto as frações hexânica e diclorometânica inibiram Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29737, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 13111 e Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175. As frações em acetato de etila e butanólica foram ativas somente para S. aureus ATCC 29737. O extrato metanólico e as frações hexânica, diclorometânica e butanólica produziram CL50 de 56,28, 16,72, 14,82 e 67,29 g/mL, respectivamente. Os resultados mostraram que as sementes de J. princeps exibem atividades laxante e antibacteriana, sendo tóxicas para A. salina.

From the methanolic extract of the seeds of the Brazilian Joannesia princeps 3,3′-bisdemethylpinoresinol and six new sesquineolignans were isolated besides the known neolignans americanol A, isoamericanol A and isoamericanin A which were found to be the major constituents. A method was developed to distinguish americanol- from isoamericanol-type compounds spectroscopically. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A 15-year-old boy ingested the core of two seeds of a fruit of Joannesia princeps, a large tree sometimes found planted in sidewalks on streets in Brazilian towns. Four hours after the ingestion, he had several episodes of vomiting and diarrhea, but recovered spontaneously th same day. Poisoning by the ingestion of seeds of Joannesia princeps is possibly not rare, considering that the tree gives plenty of fruit and the seeds have an agreeable flavor, but is probably underestimated as mild cases are unlikely to be reported. Ingestion by small children, that could lead to potentially more severe cases, is in part probably prevented by the hardness of the shells covering the seeds.