4 results on '"John M Lyman"'
Search Results
2. CERESMIP: a climate modeling protocol to investigate recent trends in the Earth's Energy Imbalance
- Author
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Gavin A. Schmidt, Timothy Andrews, Susanne E. Bauer, Paul J. Durack, Norman G. Loeb, V. Ramaswamy, Nathan P. Arnold, Michael G. Bosilovich, Jason Cole, Larry W. Horowitz, Gregory C. Johnson, John M. Lyman, Brian Medeiros, Takuro Michibata, Dirk Olonscheck, David Paynter, Shiv Priyam Raghuraman, Michael Schulz, Daisuke Takasuka, Vijay Tallapragada, Patrick C. Taylor, and Tilo Ziehn
- Subjects
CMIP6 ,climate modeling ,earth's energy balance ,aerosols ,cloud feedbacks ,AMIP ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
The Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) project has now produced over two decades of observed data on the Earth's Energy Imbalance (EEI) and has revealed substantive trends in both the reflected shortwave and outgoing longwave top-of-atmosphere radiation components. Available climate model simulations suggest that these trends are incompatible with purely internal variability, but that the full magnitude and breakdown of the trends are outside of the model ranges. Unfortunately, the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (Phase 6) (CMIP6) protocol only uses observed forcings to 2014 (and Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP) projections thereafter), and furthermore, many of the ‘observed' drivers have been updated substantially since the CMIP6 inputs were defined. Most notably, the sea surface temperature (SST) estimates have been revised and now show up to 50% greater trends since 1979, particularly in the southern hemisphere. Additionally, estimates of short-lived aerosol and gas-phase emissions have been substantially updated. These revisions will likely have material impacts on the model-simulated EEI. We therefore propose a new, relatively low-cost, model intercomparison, CERESMIP, that would target the CERES period (2000-present), with updated forcings to at least the end of 2021. The focus will be on atmosphere-only simulations, using updated SST, forcings and emissions from 1990 to 2021. The key metrics of interest will be the EEI and atmospheric feedbacks, and so the analysis will benefit from output from satellite cloud observation simulators. The Tier 1 request would consist only of an ensemble of AMIP-style simulations, while the Tier 2 request would encompass uncertainties in the applied forcing, atmospheric composition, single and all-but-one forcing responses. We present some preliminary results and invite participation from a wide group of models.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Argo Data 1999–2019: Two Million Temperature-Salinity Profiles and Subsurface Velocity Observations From a Global Array of Profiling Floats
- Author
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Annie P. S. Wong, Susan E. Wijffels, Stephen C. Riser, Sylvie Pouliquen, Shigeki Hosoda, Dean Roemmich, John Gilson, Gregory C. Johnson, Kim Martini, David J. Murphy, Megan Scanderbeg, T. V. S. Udaya Bhaskar, Justin J. H. Buck, Frederic Merceur, Thierry Carval, Guillaume Maze, Cécile Cabanes, Xavier André, Noé Poffa, Igor Yashayaev, Paul M. Barker, Stéphanie Guinehut, Mathieu Belbéoch, Mark Ignaszewski, Molly O'Neil Baringer, Claudia Schmid, John M. Lyman, Kristene E. McTaggart, Sarah G. Purkey, Nathalie Zilberman, Matthew B. Alkire, Dana Swift, W. Brechner Owens, Steven R. Jayne, Cora Hersh, Pelle Robbins, Deb West-Mack, Frank Bahr, Sachiko Yoshida, Philip J. H. Sutton, Romain Cancouët, Christine Coatanoan, Delphine Dobbler, Andrea Garcia Juan, Jerôme Gourrion, Nicolas Kolodziejczyk, Vincent Bernard, Bernard Bourlès, Hervé Claustre, Fabrizio D'Ortenzio, Serge Le Reste, Pierre-Yve Le Traon, Jean-Philippe Rannou, Carole Saout-Grit, Sabrina Speich, Virginie Thierry, Nathalie Verbrugge, Ingrid M. Angel-Benavides, Birgit Klein, Giulio Notarstefano, Pierre-Marie Poulain, Pedro Vélez-Belchí, Toshio Suga, Kentaro Ando, Naoto Iwasaska, Taiyo Kobayashi, Shuhei Masuda, Eitarou Oka, Kanako Sato, Tomoaki Nakamura, Katsunari Sato, Yasushi Takatsuki, Takashi Yoshida, Rebecca Cowley, Jenny L. Lovell, Peter R. Oke, Esmee M. van Wijk, Fiona Carse, Matthew Donnelly, W. John Gould, Katie Gowers, Brian A. King, Stephen G. Loch, Mary Mowat, Jon Turton, E. Pattabhi Rama Rao, M. Ravichandran, Howard J. Freeland, Isabelle Gaboury, Denis Gilbert, Blair J. W. Greenan, Mathieu Ouellet, Tetjana Ross, Anh Tran, Mingmei Dong, Zenghong Liu, Jianping Xu, KiRyong Kang, HyeongJun Jo, Sung-Dae Kim, and Hyuk-Min Park
- Subjects
global ,ocean ,pressure ,temperature ,salinity ,Argo ,Science ,General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution ,QH1-199.5 - Abstract
In the past two decades, the Argo Program has collected, processed, and distributed over two million vertical profiles of temperature and salinity from the upper two kilometers of the global ocean. A similar number of subsurface velocity observations near 1,000 dbar have also been collected. This paper recounts the history of the global Argo Program, from its aspiration arising out of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment, to the development and implementation of its instrumentation and telecommunication systems, and the various technical problems encountered. We describe the Argo data system and its quality control procedures, and the gradual changes in the vertical resolution and spatial coverage of Argo data from 1999 to 2019. The accuracies of the float data have been assessed by comparison with high-quality shipboard measurements, and are concluded to be 0.002°C for temperature, 2.4 dbar for pressure, and 0.01 PSS-78 for salinity, after delayed-mode adjustments. Finally, the challenges faced by the vision of an expanding Argo Program beyond 2020 are discussed.
- Published
- 2020
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- View/download PDF
4. Ocean Warming: From the Surface to the Deep in Observations and Models
- Author
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Paul J. Durack, Peter J. Gleckler, Sarah G. Purkey, Gregory C. Johnson, John M. Lyman, and Tim P. Boyer
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ocean warming ,global climate system ,greenhouse gas ,Oceanography ,GC1-1581 - Abstract
The ocean is the primary heat sink of the global climate system. Since 1971, it has been responsible for storing more than 90% ofthe excess heat added to the Earth system by anthropogenic greenhouse-gas emissions. Adding this heat to the ocean contributes substantially to sea level rise and affects vital marine ecosystems. Considering the global ocean’s large role in ongoing climate variability and change, it is a good place to focus in order to understand what observed changes have occurred to date and, by using models, what future changes might arise under continued anthropogenic forcing of the climate system. While sparse measurement coverage leads to enhanced uncertainties with long-term historical estimates of change, modern measurements are beginning to provide the clearest picture yet of ongoing global ocean change. Observations show that the ocean is warming from the near-surface through to the abyss, a conclusion that is strengthened with each new analysis. In this assessment, we revisit observation- and model-based estimates of ocean warming from the industrial era to the present and show a consistent, full-depth pattern of change over the observed record that is likely to continue at an ever-increasing pace if effective actions to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions are not taken.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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