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Almost all farmers are unaware that rice straw and paunch manure are potential feedstocks for bioethanol besides organic fertilizer, biochar, and biogas. Farmers' perceptions regarding the multiattributes of bioethanol development are still underestimated, indicating that farmers are still indecisive about the potential use of rice straw and paunch manure as feedstock for bioethanol. They still need extension and training to improve their knowledge. The Location Quotient (LQ) value of rice straw and cattle paunch manure is > 1, indicating that Karanganyar Regency could become a base for bioethanol development from rice straw and cattle paunch manure.

Potato is one of the horticultural crops with high economic value and potential as an export commodity. The productivity of potatoes in Central Java tends to decrease, and it is suspected that the use of production inputs is not optimal. This study aims to evaluate the performance of the use of production inputs, the factors that influence potato production, and the optimization of the use of production inputs in potato farming in the Dieng Plateau. The research was conducted from October to December 2021 in Sumberejo Village, Batur Subdistrict, Banjarnegara District, which has an altitude of + 1700 meters above sea level. This research used a survey method on 30 potato farmers. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively, and analyzed the factors that influence production using multiple linear regression, followed by an optimization test on the use of production inputs. The results showed that the use of production inputs among farmers still varied and had not followed the results of soil analysis. Seed, manure, and labor are production inputs that have a significant positive effect on potato production. To get maximum production, farmers need to add seeds, NPK fertilizer, and manure according to recommendations, while the use of labor needs to be reduced to achieve optimal yields. Keywords: highlands, inputs, increased production, potato, production

Sorghum is uniquely adapted to dryland and used by the Indonesian government to optimize the utilization of dryland and increase farmers’ incomes. The objective of this study was to analyze the contribution of sorghum to increasing income and the level of welfare of dryland farmer households in Wonogiri, Central Java, Indonesia. The study was conducted from October to December 2022 using a survey method through direct interviews with purposively selected sorghum-growing farmers. A set of questions included household income and expenditure. The average total income and expenditure indicators, poverty line figures, RMW, and ERFHI were used to measure the welfare level of farmer households. The study found that the income derived from sorghum contributes 22.87% to total household income and tends to increase household income by 29.65%. According to the average total income earned, farming households were in a prosperous condition. This can be seen from the total income, which is higher than the total expenditure, the average per capita income higher than the poverty line, the average total income higher than RMW, and the value of ERFHI at 1.25. Income derived from sorghum has increased by 21.43–56.00% from less prosperous households to prosperous ones. The results of this study are expected to contribute to the existing literature on sorghum development and farmers’ income and to be a reference for policy makers in formulating poverty alleviation programs and improving the welfare of farmer households, as well as expanding sorghum development by optimizing the utilization of agroecological, economic and social resources.

Sorghum is an important food crop commodity in the midst of climate change conditions and the threat of a global food crisis. Sorghum, which has an adaptive advantage to all land conditions, is suitable for use as a food substitute for rice and wheat. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the economic value, farmers’ perceptions, and specific strategies for developing sorghum in Central Java and Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The research was conducted in Wonogiri Regency, Central Java, and Gunungkidul Regency, Yogyakarta from September to November 2022. The research was carried out through the observation of 120 respondents with indicators of farming characteristics and farmers’ perceptions of sorghum development, as well as focus group discussions (FGD) and depth interviews with indicators of internal and external factors for sorghum development. The analysis used is benefit cost (BC) to evaluate the economic value of sorghum farming, the Likert scale to determine farmers’ perceptions of sorghum, and Strength Weak Opportunity Threat (SWOT) to determine specific strategies for developing sorghum. The results showed that sorghum farming is feasible to develop in Wonogiri Central Java and Gunungkidul Yogyakarta because it provides a profit value greater than production costs with a BCR value of >1. The perception of farmers in Central Java regarding the development of sorghum is included in the very good category with an average value of 3.31, and the perception of farmers in Yogyakarta is included in the good category with an average value of 2.55. The operational policy strategy for developing sorghum in Wonogiri Central Java and Gunungkidul Yogyakarta is an expansion strategy (S-O).

Imported soybeans have dominated national soybeans for more than two decades. To reduce dependence on imported soybeans, efforts are needed to maximize national soybean production and productivity through technological innovation. Soybean high yielding varieties are one of the easiest technologies to be adopted by farmers. The assessment aims to evaluate perceptions, attitudes and satisfaction of farmers with the attributes of superior soybean varieties. The assessment was carried out using a survey method of soybean farmers totaling 32 people in The Kebumen Regency. High yielding soybeans varieties studied is Grobogan, Anjasmoro and Gema varieties. Attributes evaluated are plant performance, yield, soybeans price selling, easier seeds to obtain, harvest age, the suitability of seed size to demand and pest resistance. Farmers’ perceptions were mapped using perceptual mapping, farmer attitudes were analyzed using the Fishbein Multiattribute Model and farmer satisfaction was analyzed using the Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI). The results of the study showed that farmers had better perceptions, attitudes and satisfaction towards Grobogan and Anjasmoro varieties compared to Gema variety. Grobogan and Anjasmoro varieties were perceived as more excellent because they had more attractive plant diversity, higher production, easier seeds to obtain and more resistance to pests-diseases. Farmers showed a more accepting attitude to cultivating Grobogan and Anjasmoro varieties with Fishbein Multiattribute scores of 45.63 and 43.93, while the Gema variety only scored 39.64. Farmers have a higher level of satisfaction with Grobogan and Anjasmoro variety with CSI values of 52.11% and 50.37% compared to the Gema variety of 44.66%.

The growth of the Indonesian population has led to an increase in the demand for rice, which the country has yet to satisfy. Indonesia needs a comprehensive strategy that integrates meaningful efforts to increase its agricultural production. This study aims to review the examined trends in rice yield in Indonesia for 70 years after Indonesia’s independence (1945–2016) followed by the identification of the application technology and factors that contribute to increasing rice yields to forecast sustainable food security scenarios up to 2030. This article reviews the results of research on rice production technology in Indonesia from 1945 to 2016, and the outlook for 2030. This paper examines the main points of the Indonesian transformation of rice technology: improvement of rice varieties, integrated crop management, innovations in agricultural machinery, and the Integrated Cropping Calendar Information System (ICCIS). We found that transformation has helped Indonesia increased its rice yields from 3 t ha−1 prior to 1961 to 4.6 t ha−1 in 1985, stagnated in 1990, and increased again in 2017 to 5.46 t ha−1. The increase in yield was sustained by an increase in the harvested area owing to cropping index (CI) innovation. Food security and sustainable development remain the primary goals of Indonesia’s agricultural sector. The application of appropriate technologies and institutional innovations can assist Indonesia in achieving its food security. Therefore, the transformation of technological innovations will continue to be an essential driver of future agricultural growth, including greater use of crop varieties, machinery, and land/institutional reforms.

Rice production in the karst dryland is still low, due to soil characteristics that lack nutrient availability. Meanwhile, upland rice has received less attention, and it has not been used to its full potential. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of various combinations of inorganic fertilizers, poultry manure, and upland rice varieties on the production and economic value of karst dryland in Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta. This experiment was arranged in a factorial design, with inorganic fertilizers, poultry manure, and upland rice varieties set in a randomized block design with three replications. The first factor was a combination of inorganic and organic fertilizer rates: 72 N kg ha−1 + 26 P2O5 kg ha−1 + 25 K2O ha−1 + 3 t ha−1 organic, 92 N kg ha−1 + 36 P2O5 kg ha−1 + 30 K2O kg ha−1 + 2 t ha−1 organic, 112 N kg ha−1 + 46 P2O5 kg ha−1 + 35 K2O kg ha−1 + 1 t ha−1 organic. The second factor is the upland varieties of Inpago 8, Inpago 10, and Inpago 12 and lowland variety Inpari 42 Agritan GSR, as checked. Based on the study, we concluded that the combination of 92 N kg ha−1 + 36 P2O5 kg ha−1 + 30 K2O kg ha−1 + 2 t ha−1 poultry manure fertilizers with Inpago 8 resulted in an IDR profit of 23,586,000 ha−1, and it is the most recommendable fertilizer and variety combination to be developed in the karst dryland, in consideration of land fertility and sustainability.

One of the technological components to attain soybean productivity increase is using a modern varieties. This research aims to evaluate the introduction of a new modern variety of soybean, such as Bromo variety, in Klego Subdistrict, Boyolali District, Central Java on first crop season 1998/1999 season. The objectives of the research were to know the effect of the introduction Bromo variety of soybean on soybean productivity, profit and employment, as well as to know the production efficiency. This research used a cross-sectional data of 50 sample farmers consisted of 25 Bromo variety farmers and 25 Local variety farmers. To know the effect of Bromo variety introduction on productivity, profit and employment, it was used regression analysis with Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method. To test the production efficiency of inputs use was used allocative efficiency test. The results showed that Bromo variety introduction were able to increase productivity 501.71 kg/ha, to increase profit Rp 1,852,370/ha and to increase employment 14.25 mandays/ha. The allocative efficiency test showed that the farmers of Bromo variety and the farmers of Local variety hadn't allocated their inputs efficiently yet. To increase the soybean production, Bromo variety can be recommended