Search

Background. Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common human cancer worldwide. In the progression of prostate cancer, the total number of macrophages in the tumor tissue is associated with poor prognosis and increased risk of metastasis. However, the heterogeneity of intratumoral macrophages at various stages of PCa development, and the role of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) have been insuffciently investigated.The aim of the study was to analyze the morphological features, size and number of TAMs in PCa tissue samples, and to reveal their correlation with clinical data of patients.Material and Methods. Immunohistochemical analysis of 36 paraffn blocks of patients with PCa (pT2a–3bN0–1M0) was performed using antibodies to the scavenger receptor CD68.Results. Foamy CD68+ macrophages were found in the tumor tissue. The indicator “number of macrophages per total number of felds of view with macrophages” was the lowest in patients with a Gleason score of 6 (5.8) (11.0 – in patients with a Gleason score ≥ 8). Macrophages formed larger clusters in patients with severe PCa. Small but not large macrophages were signifcantly more common in patients with lymph node metastases (48 vs 24 in the N0 group; p=0.14). The number of small macrophages (smaller than 100 µm2) increased in a series of patients with Gleason scores of 6, 7 and ≥ 8 (24, 47.5, 72, respectively, p=0.052).Conclusion. As the tumor process progressed and the risk of biochemical recurrence increased, there was a trend towards an increase in the total area of large, foamy TAMs, presumably rich in lipids, as well as wider distribution of small macrophages with a tendency to form clusters. We hypothesize that foamy macrophages are involved in the further recruitment of small TAMs, subsequently leading to metastasis and tumor progression.

Background: The article presents experimental studies conducted on Wistar rats in the amount of 50 individuals. An artificial gum recession defect was created.Aim: to evaluate the effectiveness of creating a gum recession model in the proposed way.Material and methods: Experimental animals at the beginning of the study had an intact oral mucosa: pale pink color, without pathological changes. An experimental model of gum recession was created by excision of V-shaped periodontal tissues from the vestibular surface in the area of the lower jaw incisors of a rat, then a DispodentPak No. 000 retraction thread was applied in the area of the lower central incisors in the circular ligament of the tooth to a depth of 1.5 mm, and Vitrebond dental glass ionomer cement was applied to the vestibular surface of the neck of the tooth of the lower incisors, with at the same time, prednisone is administered intramuscularly at the rate of 12 mg / kg of animal weight on the 1st, 3rd and 5th day. For the experiment, female white rats in the amount of 50 individuals were used as a model. All animals were divided into 2 groups depending on the method of creating a gum recession defect. In the control group of rats, the defect was created according to the standard procedure by conducting a V-shaped incision.Results: When creating the proposed model of experimental gum recession, the clinical and pathomorphological picture is achieved under the influence of local factors: V-shaped gum incision, retraction thread, dental glass ionomer cement. To suppress the processes of self-regeneration of the gums, the optimal dose of prednisone is administered.Conclusions: On the 3rd day of the experiment, a V-shaped defect was observed in animals. On the 10th day, clinical signs of gum recession are determined: a defect with a depth of 2 mm. The average depth of recession in animals was (2 ± 1.7 mm). A relatively short process of modeling a gum recession (no more than a month). In this case, a local lesion of the gum is created, not burdened by any other pathology in the animal, and having both local and general (stress) pathogenetic factors, against the background of changes in the reactivity of the organism, which corresponds to the modern theory of the occurrence of recession as a polyethological disease in humans.

Aim. Development of the chronic periodontitis treatment method using the medicamentation based on herbal components in the experiment.Materials and methods. An experimental model of chronic periodontitis was created. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from the extracted retained human tooth were obtained multipotent. The obtained MSCs were injected into the periodontalpockets together with the osteogenesis stimulator drug. Then a medicamentation based on plant components was applied.Results. Periodontal pocket depth decreased to 1.5 ± 0.01 mm (P < 0.001). There was no tooth mobility. Three months after the therapeutic procedures radiographs of the rats showed signs of bone neoplasia. By 6 months these signs became more pronounced: the foci of stained osteoporosis disappeared and began to acquire a finely petrified structure, the contours of the interalveolar septa became clear and smooth with a simultaneous increase in the height of resorbed ridges of the interalveolar septa.Conclusions. Experimental studies have shown pronounced therapeutic efficacy of the method for the treatment of destructive changes of the alveolar bone in periodontitis.

Background. Melittin is a major constituent of honeybee venom and comprises a water-soluble surfactant peptide with cytolytic effects potentially applicable in anticancer therapy. We evaluated the impact of melittin from Bashkir honeybee (Apis mellifera mellifera L.) venom on cell viability of various prostate cancer lineages.Materials and methods. MTT assays with cell viability index estimation were used to evaluate the effect of melittin on cell proliferation in various-grade malignancy prostate cancer (PC) lineages, LNCaP, PC-3 and DU145.Results and discussion. Lineage DU145 revealed a low sensitivity to melittin, because a relatively high peptide concentration of 10 μg/mL had a suppressive effect on its proliferation. With PC-3 cells, a 0.1 μg/mL concentration suppressed proliferation significantly to 46.15 %, while melittin at a 10 μg/mL dose had a cytolytic effect on most cells (4.27 % viability). LNCaP cells experienced the lowest toxicity at 10 μg/mL melittin compared to PC-3 and DU145 lineages. The LNCaP, PC-3 and DU145 PC lineages demonstrated suppressed proliferation at melittin levels 0.01–100 μg/mL.Conclusion. The study reveals a significant reduction of the PC lineages viability at a minimal melittin concentration of 0.01 μg/mL, which indicates a high cytolytic activity of this peptide and renders it a candidate agent in antitumour therapy.

The discovery of stem cells is considered one of the most important achievements of mankind. The ability of any stem cells to produce different cell types makes them a very convenient system for studying the molecular genetic events that cause cell differentiation. Due to their ability to differentiate into any tissue, stem cells can be used to treat a huge number of diseases. Therefore, the comprehensive study of stem cells is one of the most relevant and promising areas of modern medicine.

Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) has unique properties due to its special anatomical structure, thermoregulation, and metabolic activity. Dysregulated EAT provokes the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines, disorders in the metabolism of fats and glucose, as well as contributes to fatty degeneration of the myocardium and heart failure development. EAT may serve as a risk factor and biomarker for cardiovascular diseases, and is also a potential therapeutic target. The purpose of this review was to highlight current research data on EAT, secreted adipokines, their effect on target tissue metabolism, and to systematize the relationship between EAT and cardiovascular diseases. In particular, its function, role in heart failure, atrial fibrillation, as well as the prognostic value of various microRNAs determined in EAT are highlighted.

Introduction. Male stress urinary incontinence (SUI), which affects 10 % of the population, is most commonly caused by the effects of operations on the prostate gland. Despite the presence of a large number of surgical and conservative methods to treat this disease, the problem of choosing treatment tactics is still relevant. There are limited literature data on the effectiveness of using the stromal-vascular fraction (SVF) of autologous fat in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence. The aim of this study is to analyse the usage of SVF in the treatment of SUI patients.Materials and methods. A randomised study was carried out on a group of 8 patients with stress urinary incontinence of mild and moderate severity more than one year after radical prostatectomy or transurethral resection of the prostate. The patients received stromal-vascular fractions of autologous fat into the bladder sphincter area during the period November 2017 — June 2018.Results. After 4 weeks, the Pad Test and ICIQ-SF QoL assessments showed the first positive clinical results and improving quality of life. Checkpoints of 3, 6 and 12 months were selected for measuring results. Cytological analysis of the stromalvascular fraction of autologous fat revealed the expression of mesenchymal stem cell markers CD44, CD73, CD90, which may explain the method’s high efficiency.Conclusion. This work supports the hypothesis that transplantation of SVF from autologous adipose tissue is an effective and safe method for treating patients with incontinence.

Free radicals have taken a firm place among the explanatory principles of the onset and development of tumors. Unambiguous ideas about the role of these highly active agents in carcinogenesis have not yet been obtained. The experimental results are contradictory, often the opposite. The field of study of the value of the activity of antioxidant systems based on the results obtained is no less controversial. In this regard, the urgent problem is the need to prescribe antioxidants in oncology. Antitumor effects of antioxidants are being questioned in many works, which brings to the forefront the appropriateness and adequacy of their appointment. The ambiguous role of free radicals in carcinogenesis determines the development of therapeutic strategies based on the precise modulation of oxidative processes.