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Case C-61/19 Orange România SA c. Autoritatea Naţională de Supraveghere a Prelucrării Datelor cu Caracter Personal (ANSPDCP), Court of Justice of the European Union, judgement of 11 November 2020. Stating in handwriting, on an otherwise standardized contract, the intention to refuse the photocopying and storage of identity documents does not constitute a freely given, informed and unambiguous consent according to the European data protection legal framework. Article 4, par. 11, of EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), article 2, lett. h, of Directive 95/46/EC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

López Ribalda and Others v Spain, App nos 1874/13 and 8567/13, European Court of Human Rights, 9 January 2018 The national courts, while balancing between the applicants' right to respect for their private life and the employer's interest in the protection of its organisational and management rights, must always consider the duty of notification that employers have according to the specific national legal framework on data protection Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbamazepine (CBZ) and oxcarbazepine (OXC) are widely used anticonvulsants that are extensively metabolized in the human body. The pharmaceuticals and their human metabolites are present in influents and effluents of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), in rivers and streams, and in drinking water. In this study, the biodegradation of OXC and its main human metabolite, 10-hydroxy- CBZ (10OHCBZ), and the main human metabolite of CBZ, 10,11-dihydro-10,11- dihydroxy-CBZ (DiOHCBZ), was investigated in contact with activated sludge from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and sand filter material from a waterworks. The transformation of DiOHCBZ, 10OHCBZ, and OXC led to the formation of the following main TPs: l-(2-benzoic acid)-(lH,3H)-quinazoline-2,4-dione (BaQD), l-(2- benzoic acid)-(lH,3H)-quinazoline-2-one (BaQM), 9-aldehyde-acridine, 9-carboxylic acid-acridine (9-CA-ADIN), hydroxyl 9-CA-ADIN, acridone (ADON), 11-keto-OXC, and 2,2'-(carbamoylazanediyl)dibenzoic acid. TP formation could be explained by three proposed transformation pathways, including reactions such as oxidation, a-ketol rearrangement, or benzylic acid rearrangement. The results highlight the fact that the TP abundances strongly depend on the concentrations spiked in the labscale experiments. BaQD, 9-CA-ADIN, and ADON were detected in WWTP effluents, rivers, and streams. 9-CA-ADIN was found at maximum concentrations in WWTP effluent and rivers up to 920 ± 50 ng L-1 and 304 ± 26 ng L-1, respectively. Even in drinking water, BaQD and 9-CA-ADIN were present at concentrations of 26 ± 2 ng L-1 and 189 ± 3 ng L-1, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]