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Organic synthesis involves the production of important chemical structures using scalable and cost‐effective methods that are also environmentally friendly. In this review, a detailed analysis of the use of iodine and DMSO in various synthetic routes for the preparation of valuable targets are presented. These methods reduce the acceptance on expensive additives and reagents, and offer a more sustainable solution for the synthesis of these important chemical scaffolds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A combination of reagents using I2 and DMSO has been established for the selective transformation of unactivated alkenes into iodohydrins and β‐iodoethers. The developed approach was served by the dual roles of DMSO as an oxidant as well as a hydroxylating agent under different solvent systems at 85 °C. The developed method holds an operational simplicity and is consistent with wide range of substituted alkenes to deliver iodohydrins and β‐iodoethers in yields up to 86 %. The formation of iodohydrins are selective in MeCN as solvent and the course of the reaction was examined by GC‐MS studies and DFT method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Oral health promotion through schools is recommended by WHO for improving knowledge, attitude and behaviour related to oral health and for prevention of dental diseases among school children. In India, 70 -72% of population live in the rural areas of which more than 40% are children. These children tend to be more vulnerable to oral health problems. Aim and Objective: To assess prevalence of dental caries and the effectiveness of demonstration on dental hygiene among primary school students. Material and Method: The study was a cross-sectional study conducted at selected schools of Rani rural community of Kamrup District, Assam. 118 primary school students of class IV and V were selected using consecutive sampling technique. The subjects were assessed for the presence of dental caries using dmft scoring and observed for their practice of brushing with Fones method of brushing. Later demonstration for the Fones method was given to the participants and post test was done to evaluate the effectiveness of demonstration. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS version 20 software. Results: The study showed that more than half i.e., 92 (78%) of the students have dental caries. It was found that in pre-test, 79 (61%) of the participants have good practice of dental hygiene which was increase to 93 (78.8%) in post test. Again, in pre-test 46 (39%) of the participants have poor practice of dental hygiene, which was reduced to 25 (21.2%) in post test. The mean post test practice score (7.03) is higher than the mean pre test practice score (4.70) of dental hygiene. The median post test practice score (7) is also higher than the median post test practice score (5) of dental hygiene and the post test SD (0.67) seems to be less disperse than the pre test SD (0.73) of dental hygiene. It also shows that the "t" value (-28.482) and p -value 0.00 is highly significant at 0.05 level of significance. So it is evident that the demonstration on Fones method of brushing is effective in increasing the dental hygiene practice among the students. Conclusion: Regulating good practice of dental hygiene is important during the early school period. As health personnel, community nurse can take active role in imparting information on dental hygiene practice among students by conducting school health programme and demonstrating on brushing technique. And also recommending inclusion of dental hygiene in the curriculum of the school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background In order to maintain the surgery site's shape, functionality, and aesthetics, closure of the wound is essential for intra-oral and general surgical procedures. Wound closure speeds up healing by reducing the buildup of inflammatory cells. For a wound to heal well, the incision must be precise, the tissue must be handled delicately, the wound must be precisely repositioned, and the closure material must have optimum functional properties and be sterile. Aim This study aims to conduct a clinical comparison of the effectiveness of silk suture versus isoamyl 2-cyanoacrylate (IAC) for intra-oral mucosal incisions. Methodology Fifty patients who needed a minor oral surgical operation under local anesthesia from the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery were recruited for this prospective clinical trial. Ethical clearance and informed consent were obtained for this study. Two groups were created from the sample of 50 patients in this investigation. An intra-oral mucosal incision was closed in one group using a 3-0 silk suture and in the second using two drops of IAC. An accurate approximation of the incised edges was used to avoid leaving any gaps between them. Parameters such as the time taken for closure, pain, bleeding, swelling, mouth opening, wound dehiscence, wound infection, and local ulceration were evaluated in this study. A visual analog scale (0-10) was used to assess the pain score. Facial swelling was evaluated by the tape method given by Gabka and Matsumura. The measurement was done from tragus to pogonion, tragus to oral commissure, and outer canthus to gonion. The sum of these measurements was calculated. By measuring the distance between the incisal edges of the upper and lower central incisors, the trismus was evaluated using a graduated metal scale. Assessment of bleeding (0-4) was done by asking the patient. Assessment of wound dehiscence and local ulceration was done based on visual inspection and palpation on the first, second, and seventh days postoperatively. All the recorded parameters were tabulated. The statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 25.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). The Chi-square test was used to compare the categorical variables between the study groups. The independent t-test was used to compare the means between the study groups. The statistical significance was kept at a p-value less than 0.05. Results The results showed that there was no statistically significant difference between suture and IAC in terms of incidence of pain and wound dehiscence. But the time taken for wound closure was less with IAC, and the pain score on the seventh day was higher with IAC and statistically significant. Conclusion We observed that IAC was as effective as the gold standard silk suture. The advantages of IAC are its hemostatic and bacteriostatic qualities, and IAC also took less time to complete the procedure., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, Akhter et al.)

Aim The study compared the anesthetic effectiveness of articaine and lignocaine when premolars are extracted bilaterally for orthodontic purposes. Material and methods This prospective split-mouth study was performed on 30 cases selected from orthodontic referral patients reporting to the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department at Maharaja Ganga Singh Dental College and Research Center, Rajasthan, India, for bilateral extraction of premolars under local anesthesia. We used 4% articaine hydrochloride and adrenaline 1:100000 (AH) as group A and 2% lignocaine hydrochloride with adrenaline 1:100000 (LH) on the control side as group B. For premolar anesthetization, 0.6-1.6 ml of AH and 1-2 ml of LH were injected submucosally in the buccal vestibular area. The extraction procedure was then carried out after achieving adequate anesthesia. The pain was assessed with Visual Analog Scale. The average onset time and duration of anesthesia were recorded. Data collected were summarized with descriptive statistics. The SPSS version 23.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, New York) was used for data entry, validation, and analysis. Means of continuous variables were compared using the student t-test. All tests were 2-tailed and significant at equal or less than 0.05. (p≤0.05). Results When comparing the overall anesthetic efficiency, Group A had a lower overall pain score of 0.43 while Group B had a higher overall pain score of 2.9. The average onset time of anesthesia in Group A was 1.2 minutes and 2.55 minutes in Group B. In Group A, the average duration of anesthesia was 70 minutes, and 46.5 minutes in Group B. These parameters were statistically significant with a p-value of <0.05. Conclusion The study concluded that as an alternative to lignocaine, articaine could be used effectively for maxillary premolar extractions for orthodontic reasons obviating palatal injection which is very painful to the patient., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, Jaiswal et al.)