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Purpose: To assess surgeon reimbursement for common arthroscopic procedures, including arthroscopic meniscal debridement and arthroscopic rotator cuff repair, in patients with differing risk profiles within the Medicare population. Methods: A publicly available Medicare database was used to identify all cases of arthroscopic meniscal debridement and arthroscopic rotator cuff repair procedures billed to Medicare from 2013 to 2020. The surgeon reimbursement from Medicare was collected and adjusted for inflation. All procedure episodes were split into 2 cohorts; those with a hierarchical condition category (HCC) risk score ≥1.5, and those with patient HCC risk scores

Introduction Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is an uncommon form of stroke with relatively low mortality but higher incidence in younger adults.1–3 Previous work has suggested decreased overall stroke hospitalization volumes, but preserved CVT hospitalization volumes and increased CVT mortality during the COVID‐19 pandemic.4,5 We sought to provide updated incidence and trend data for cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) in the United States from 2016‐2020, examine the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on CVT, and identify predictors of in‐hospital mortality. Methods Validated ICD‐10 codes were used to identify patients with CVT in the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) between 2016 and 2020. The NIS is part of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) and is maintained the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. The NIS provides a stratified nationally representative 20% sample of all hospital discharges in the United States, excluding rehabilitation and long‐term acute care hospitals. Annual updates to the NIS are released approximately 20 months after the conclusion of the data year. Sample weights were applied to generate nationally representative estimates, and census data were used to compute incidence rates. The first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic was defined as January‐May 2020. Predictor variables for mortality were selected based upon previous studies of incidence and outcomes of CVT and biological plausibility.6–8 Multivariable logistic regression was conducted using all predictor variables that achieved p

Background:. While previously used in other specialties, the preference signaling program (PSP) was implemented in the 2022 to 2023 orthopaedic surgery residency application process for the first time. The PSP allowed for 30 signaling tokens to be sent by applicants to programs of their choice to indicate particular interest in a program. It remains unknown how the PSP affects applicants and programs in the orthopaedic surgery residency match. Thus, this study's purpose was to assess the utility of preference signaling within the orthopaedic surgery residency application process in its inaugural year of use. Methods:. An anonymous electronic survey was emailed to all orthopaedic surgery residency applicants who applied to the authors' institution during the 2022 to 2023 application cycle. The survey was sent after match lists were submitted and closed before the release of match results. The survey collected information regarding applicant demographics, preference signaling habits, and attitude toward preference signaling. Results:. The survey was completed by 101 applicants. Applicants applied to a mean of 90 programs (range: 10-197) and received an average of 12 interview invitations (range: 0-39). Applicants almost uniformly used all 30 signals, with nearly two-thirds signaling their home programs (65%, 49/76), and nearly all applicants sending signals to programs at which they performed away rotations (95.7%, 88/92). Applicants received a mean of 9 invitations from programs they signaled, compared with 2 invitations from programs they did not signal. Applicants were significantly more likely to receive an interview invite at a program they signaled than one they did not (p < 0.01). Overall, 57% of applicants (57/101) found the PSP to be helpful, whereas 28% (28/101) found it to be unhelpful, and 16% (16/101) had a neutral opinion. Conclusions:. This study reports that the PSP in the 2022 to 2023 orthopaedic surgery match was an effective method of expressing interest in a program because applicants were significantly more likely to receive interview invites to signaled programs. More than half of respondents felt PSP to be helpful; however, the effect on application numbers is still unclear. Level of Evidence:. III

Background: Total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) has increased in utilization over the past several decades. Anemia is a common preoperative condition among patients undergoing TSA and has been associated with poorer outcomes in other surgical procedures. To the best of our knowledge, no study has analyzed the association between anemia severity and TSA outcomes. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the effects that increasing severity of anemia may have on the postoperative outcomes in patients receiving primary TSA. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed using the American College of Surgeons National Surgery Quality Improvement Project database from the years 2015 to 2018. Current Procedure Terminology code 23472 was used to identify all primary TSA procedures recorded during this time frame. Patients with greater than 38% preoperative hematocrit (HCT) were classified as having normal HCT levels. Patients with HCT values between 33% and 38% were classified as having mild anemia. All patients with less than 33% HCT were classified as having moderate/severe anemia. Patient demographic information, preoperative risk factors, and postoperative outcomes were compared among the 3 cohorts. A multivariate logistic regression including demographic factors and comorbidities was performed to determine whether increasing severity of anemia is independently associated with poorer postoperative outcomes. Results: Of the 15,185 patients included in this study, 11,404 had normal HCT levels, 2962 patients were mildly anemic, and 819 patients had moderate to severe anemia. With increasing severity of anemia, there was an increased average hospital length of stay (1.6 vs. 2.1 vs. 3.0 days, P

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the price variation of various Medicare severity diagnosis-related group codes for orthopaedic upper extremity procedures for the top 20 orthopaedic hospitals using chargemaster price listings from each hospital. Methods: The top 20 orthopaedic hospitals in the United States were determined by querying the U.S. News and World Report’s 2020 orthopaedic hospital ranking. This report ranks orthopaedic hospitals according to 4 major domains: outcomes, structure, process/expert opinion, and patient experience. Chargemaster data for the top 20 orthopaedic hospitals was compiled from their websites. Five DRG codes that represented orthopaedic upper extremity procedures were selected, and the pricing information for each was extracted from hospital chargemasters. The median income and cost-of-living index were also compiled for the county that each hospital is located in so that pricing data could be compared to economic measures through regression analysis. Results: Of the top 20 orthopaedic hospitals, 18 had publicly available pricing information in DRG format on their websites. The DRG code with the highest pricing variability was Hand Injury Procedures (DRG 906; range, $12,832-$253,633). The procedure with the least pricing variability was Hand or Wrist Procedures (DRG 514; range, $24,533-$128,403). Additionally, only the cost of living index was a statistically significant predictor of procedure pricing with a weak correlation. Conclusion: Hospital chargemaster listings are lacking in 2 major areas: true price transparency and standardization/consistency between hospitals. Chargemaster data are often difficult to find, confusing to patients, and inaccurate. Additionally, the price range for a single DRG code can also vary substantially depending on the hospital. It is possible that hospitals located in areas with high costs of living and median incomes would charge higher prices, but these factors were not found to support this hypothesis.

Purpose: To analyze the top-100 cited articles on sports-related concussions together with a bibliometric analysis to determine citations by year, level of evidence, study design, and several other factors related to the top referenced articles in sports concussions. Methods: The Clarivate Analytics Web of Knowledge database was used to gather data using Boolean queries to capture all possible iterations of sports-related concussion research. Articles were organized in descending order based on the number of citations and included or excluded based on relevance to concussion. Collected information included author name, publication year, country of origin, journal name, article type, study focus, and the level of evidence. Results: The top-100 articles were cited 31,197 times with an average of 312.0 citations per publication. More than one half were published in 2006 or later (52). Cohort studies and descriptive articles were the most prevalent study types (22 each). Studies with Level V evidence were the most common (33). The most common areas of study were symptomatology (short term, long term) with 17 articles, followed by epidemiology/demographics with 16 articles. The least common area of study was concussion prevention (2 articles), followed by management/treatment, diagnostics (labs, imaging) with 4 articles each. Conclusions: We identified the most influential studies in sports-related concussion based on number of citations and citation density. A majority of these articles were published in the United States after 2006 and are most commonly cohort studies (Level IV evidence) and descriptive articles (Level V evidence). Current research focuses most heavily on the symptomatology and epidemiology/demographics of sports concussion. Clinical Relevance: This study serves to identify the most influential articles in sports-related concussion and identify research topics with general deficiencies within the field of sports-related concussion research.

Purpose: To determine the objective characteristics of orthopaedic foot and ankle fellowship directors (FDs) by concentrating on the demographic characteristics, academic background, institutional history, research experience, and professional affiliations of these leaders. Methods: Data for each FD were collected by searching institutional biographies, personal websites, or publicly available curricula vitae. Data collection included the following variables: age, sex, race/ethnicity, previous training institutions, residency and fellowship graduation years, advanced degrees, military affiliation, institutional loyalty, year hired, FD career timeline, total number of publications, total number of citations, and h-index. Results: Of the 47 FDs, 44 (93.6%) were men and 3 (6.4%) were women. The mean age was 50.8 ± 9.4 years. Most orthopaedic foot and ankle FDs were white (n = 42, 89.4%), followed by Asian (n = 4, 8.5%) and black or African American (n = 1, 2.1%). The mean Scopus h-index, total number of publications, and total number of citations for all foot and ankle FDs were 13.3 ± 9.5, 47.5 ± 45.8, and 898.1 ± 1,040.3, respectively. Among all foot and ankle FDs, the mean tenure in the FD position was 5.8 ± 4.6 years. Conclusions: Orthopaedic foot and ankle FDs are primarily white men in their 50s, with minimal female and minority representations. These FDs are distinguished by their high level of research productivity. Additionally, orthopaedic foot and ankle training backgrounds seem to play an important role, given that most of the appointed FDs trained in only a few select programs. Clinical Relevance: This study outlines some of the most important characteristics among foot and ankle FDs and identifies important disparities within this population of leaders that may have detrimental effects on the field.

Abstract. The level of financial literacy varies among orthopaedic trainees. Personal finance ideally should be taught before accepting student loans; however, when this has not happened, it is imperative that trainees start taking their personal finances seriously. Many trainees are faced with large amounts of student debt and struggle with how to manage a large salary increase in their first job. This can lead to poor financial decisions including insufficient savings. The authors provide a comprehensive viewpoint on personal finance for the orthopaedic trainee. In this article, we provide future orthopaedic surgeons with a framework for personal financial management as a starting point to understanding the financial concepts of budgeting, investment, debt management, mortgage, disability insurance, and life insurance.

Category: Ankle; Arthroscopy; Basic Sciences/Biologics Introduction/Purpose: Historically, microfracture has been used to treat small talar osteochondral lesions (OLTs) with good results, while osteochondral autologous transplantation (OAT) has proven superior for the treatment of larger lesions. It is not clear which method is more effective for medium-sized lesions, around the critical size of 150 mm2 above which microfracture outcomes tend to be poor. While OAT carries the risk of co-morbidity at the knee and often requires a malleolar osteotomy, it is thought to result in superior repair tissue compared to microfracture by introducing native hyaline cartilage to the ankle. Microfracture, in contrast, results in the formation of structurally inferior fibrocartilage. The purpose of this study was to determine the relative benefits of OAT and microfracture in the treatment of medium-sized OLTs. Methods:: Patients treated for an OLT with OAT or microfracture by a single surgeon fellowship-trained in foot and ankle orthopedics between 2015 and 2018 were screened. Both OAT and microfracture techniques were augmented with a mixture of extracellular matrix and bone marrow aspirate concentrate (ECM-BMAC) for every case included in this study. Patients treated without ECM-BMAC were excluded. Only patients with a lesion size between 80 and 165 mm 2 were included. Minimum follow-up was 12 months. Clinical outcomes were collected in the form of FAOS or PROMIS scores, depending on departmental standards at the time of treatment. MRIs were collected for radiographic analysis of cartilage repair tissue. MRIs were scored using the MOCART system by a fellowship trained radiologist and were also evaluated for the presence of cysts and edema. Patient charts were reviewed to determine rates of revision surgery and therapeutic injection for pain. Results:: 52 patients were identified who fit inclusion criteria. 27 of these patients received microfracture and 25 received OAT. The average lesion size for all patients was 117.5 mm2. Patients treated with OAT had significantly higher average total MOCART scores (69 vs. 55, p = 0.04) and significantly lower rates of cyst (14% vs. 55%, p

Isolated patellofemoral arthritis is a common debilitating condition in adults older than 40 years of age. Surgical options such as patellofemoral arthroplasty exist for those who failed to respond to nonoperative treatment. However, early patellofemoral arthroplasty techniques often resulted in poor outcomes due to mal-tracking and malalignment of components. Robotic-assisted surgery recently has been introduced as an alternative to classic patellofemoral arthroplasty, with the potential to improve the anatomical fit and reproducibility of implant positioning. We present the technique for minimally invasive robotic-assisted patellofemoral arthroplasty system.

Articular cartilage is critical for painless and low-friction range of motion; however, disruption of articular cartilage, particularly in the knee joint, is common. Treatment options are based on the size and depth of the chondral defect, as well as involvement of subchondral bone. The gold standard for evaluation of articular cartilage is with arthroscopy, but it is limited by its ability to objectively judge the depth and severity of chondral damage. Optical reflection spectroscopy has been introduced to objectively assess the thickness of cartilage. We present a technique to systematically evaluate the articular cartilage of the knee using BioOptico optical reflection spectroscopy (Arthrex) to better evaluate those with visible chondral and subchondral defects.

The human microbiota represents a complex array of microbial species that influence the balance between the health and pathology of their surrounding environment. These microorganisms impart important biological benefits to their host, such as immune regulation and resistance to pathogen colonization. Dysbiosis of microbial communities in the gut and mouth precede many oral and systemic diseases such as cancer, autoimmune-related conditions, and inflammatory states, and can involve the breakdown of innate barriers, immune dysregulation, pro-inflammatory signaling, and molecular mimicry. Emerging evidence suggests that periodontitis-associated pathogens can translocate to distant sites to elicit severe local and systemic pathologies, which necessitates research into future therapies. Fecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics represent current modes of treatment to reverse microbial dysbiosis through the introduction of health-related bacterial species and substrates. Furthermore, the emerging field of precision medicine has been shown to be an effective method in modulating host immune response through targeting molecular biomarkers and inflammatory mediators. Although connections between the human microbiome, immune system, and systemic disease are becoming more apparent, the complex interplay and future innovations in treatment modalities will become elucidated through continued research and cross-disciplinary collaboration.

Superior capsular reconstruction has emerged as a promising technique in the treatment of massive irreparable rotator cuff tears. The technical aspects of the surgery continue to evolve, and scientific studies to evaluate these techniques are emerging. One such area of interest concerns the appropriate thickness of the graft and its role as a spacer. The original description of the graft was an autograft tensor fascia lata, which was folded to achieve a thickness of around 8 mm. It has been demonstrated that an 8-mm graft is superior biomechanically to a 4-mm graft, which exceeds the typical human dermal allograft thickness. Herein we describe a technique in which an acellular human dermal allograft was used to perform a superior capsular reconstruction and the remainder of the graft was used to resurface the undersurface of the acromion. This modification of the technique allows for arthroscopic acromial resurfacing, as well as effectively doubling the thickness of the spacer function of the graft. The technique and justification are described in detail, and this has become the senior author's standard approach to the massive irreparable rotator cuff tear in patients with Hamada stages 2 and 3.

The medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL), which is critical for both patellar stability and normal kinematics of the patellofemoral joint, is disrupted in most patellar dislocations. Consequently, MPFL reconstruction is advocated in recurrent dislocations to restore native patellar constraints. Fixation of the MPFL graft to the medial border of the patella can be achieved through various methods, each with its own benefits and drawbacks. We present a technique for MPFL fixation to the patella using all-soft suture anchors, theoretically decreasing the risk of patellar fracture and articular surface violation.

Arthroscopy is currently the gold standard for diagnosing intra-articular knee pathology. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be a clinical adjunct for diagnosis; however, it is not without its shortcomings. Although highly accurate, even advanced imaging misdiagnoses the condition in 1 in 14 patients with regard to anterior cruciate ligament pathology. Previous studies have indicated that MRI fails to identify meniscal pathology when one exists in 1 of every 10 cases, and diagnoses pathology when pathology truly does not exist in 1 of every 5 patients. In-office arthroscopy offers an alternative to formal diagnostic arthroscopy, with reduced cost and risk of complications. This is a technique article that discusses the use of small-bore needle arthroscopy in the office setting.

Ischiofemoral impingement is a newly recognized cause of extra-articular hip pain, and is caused by contact between the lesser trochanter and ischium. Surgical intervention has been proven successful for patients with persistent pain and disability after failure of nonoperative management. This technique article provides a reliable method for endoscopic lesser trochanter osteoplasty using an anterior approach.

Reconstruction techniques for the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) have evolved considerably over the past 3 decades. The femoral tunnel is most commonly made via a transtibial or separate anteromedial portal approach. Benefits and drawbacks for each of these techniques exist. Improper tunnel placement is the cause of failure for ACL reconstruction 70% of the time. We present a hybrid technique for femoral tunnel placement using the Pathfinder ACL guide, which attempts to give the surgeon many of the benefits of both the transtibial and anteromedial portal techniques without the drawbacks.

Iliopsoas impingement is an uncommon cause of pain after total hip arthroplasty. If pain persists after a trial of conservative treatment, surgical intervention can alleviate the patient's symptoms. Multiple advantages exist to release the iliopsoas tendon at the level of the lesser trochanter. The purpose of this Technical Note is to demonstrate a technique for arthroscopic release of the iliopsoas tendon at the lesser trochanter after total hip arthroplasty.

Studies continue to demonstrate the importance of the anterolateral ligament (ALL) as a secondary restraint in rotational stability of the knee. No clinical exam exists to reliably test the ALL. Advanced imaging allows the surgeon to reliably identify the ALL as an independent structure of the lateral knee. This technique paper provides a reproducible method for identification of the ALL on 3T magnetic resonance imaging based on previously conducted cadaveric dissections of the ligament.

Long-term cumulative fatigue damage of mooring lines is crucial for the design of floating wind turbine structures (FWTs). Although many efforts are carried out for the offshore floating platforms, there still needs to be an efficient approach for assessing the long-term fatigue damage of the floating wind turbine mooring lines due to the complex loading in FWTs. An active learning approach named AK-DA (Adaptive Kriging Damage Assessment) was recently proposed for the cumulative fatigue damage assessment of wind turbine structures. However, in the original work, the AK-DA approach was only tested on fatigue damage assessment of a 5MW wind turbine tower with monopile support structures. It is unclear whether it is applicable to other parts of the wind turbine system, especially considering the complex loading of FWTs. Therefore, in this work, the AK-DA approach is used to assess the cumulative fatigue damage of mooring lines. The Gaussian process regression (Kriging) model is used to predict the fatigue damage of the mooring line under different wind-wave cases. The cumulative fatigue damage of the mooring lines in the IEA 15MW semi-submersible wind turbines is assessed with the AK-DA approach. The numerical simulation results show that the AK-DA approach can efficiently and accurately estimate the cumulative fatigue damage of the mooring lines. Compared to the traditional simulation approach, the AK-DA approach can increase efficiency by more than 45 times, and the absolute error is less than 1%. This active learning approach could serve as a helpful tool for offshore mooring system designers, facilitating the cumulative fatigue damage assessment during the design process.

Combination of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) with Turner Syndrome (TS) is rare. We report a 20-days old new born, born from second degree consanguineous marriage presented with refusal of feeds, vomiting and loose stools. On examination, ambiguous genitalia with presence of a 2.6 cm phallus, incomplete labial fusion, gonads not palpable and hyperpigmentation were noted. Laboratory findings revealed a classical type of CAH caused by 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Karyotyping showed a 45 X0[4] / 46 XX[16] pattern concluding mosaic TS. She was given hydrocortisone at a dose of 5 mg/m2/day, fludrocortisone acetate in dose of 0.1mg/day, along with oral salt of 1 gm/day. At 8 months follow-up, the patient appeared to be in good health; her height was 69.3 cm [> 50th percentile] and her weight was 8.3 kg (> 50th percentile). System examinations turned out to be normal. The patient’s electrolyte levels were normal and she was in good metabolic control. The findings of this particular patient show that routine karyotyping during investigation of patients with disorders of sexual differentiation (DSD) can help us to reveal TS. Additionally, signs of virilism have to be investigated at the time of diagnosis or during physical examinations for proper follow-up of TS cases.

Introduction Large vessel occlusion (LVO) and dehydration are both independently associated with poor functional outcomes and increased odds of mortality in acute ischemic stroke. Dehydration has previously been shown to affect collateral blood flow in LVO stroke, but it is unclear if this leads to worsened clinical outcomes. Methods A stroke center registry (10/2019‐12/2021) of consecutive adults who had undergone successful endovascular therapy (EVT, with thrombolysis in cerebral infarction score 2b/3) for anterior circulation LVO (ICA, M1, or M2) was queried. Dehydration on presentation was defined using laboratory surrogates: blood urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio >15 or serum osmolality >296 mOsm/kg. The primary outcome was a favorable shift in 90‐day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) using a proportional odds model, adjusting for age, pre‐stroke mRS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), and Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Scale (ASPECTS). Secondary outcomes included early improvement in 24h NIHSS. Results Of the 318 patients with anterior LVO who underwent EVT, 206 (65%) met criteria for dehydration, and 181 (87.9%) had both mRS and ASPECTS data available. Younger age, lower NIHSS, lower mRS, and higher ASPECTS were all strongly and independently associated with a favorable shift in 90d mRS. Dehydrated patients had similar changes in 24‐hr NIHSS scores (‐5 [interquartile range, IQR ‐10 to 0] vs. ‐5 [IQR ‐8 to 0], p = 0.37). Dehydration was not associated with a less favorable shift in 90‐day mRS (odds ratio [OR] 0.74, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.41‐1.33), which remained non‐significant after multivariable adjustment (OR 1.46, 95%CI 0.74‐2.86). With serum osmolality assessed continuously, higher serum osm was associated with a less favorable shift in mRS at 90d (OR 0.95, 95%CI 0.92‐0.99, p = 0.009), but this did not persist after multivariable adjustment (p = 0.92) and was driven by the association between higher osmolality and age (r = 0.24, p(bonferroni)< 0.01) and pre‐stroke mRS (r = 0.20, p(bonferroni) = 0.04). Conclusions There was no association between dehydration and lower odds of early clinical improvement or long‐term functional recovery following successful endovascular thrombectomy.

Floating offshore wind turbines (FOWT) generate green renewable energy and are a vital part of the modern offshore wind energy industry. Robust predicting extreme offshore loads during FOWT operations is an important safety concern. Excessive structural bending moments may occur during certain sea conditions, posing an operational risk of structural damage. This paper uses the FAST code to analyze offshore wind turbine structural loads due to environmental loads acting on a specific FOWT under actual local environmental conditions. The work proposes a unique Gaidai-Fu-Xing structural reliability approach that is probably best suited for multi-dimensional structural responses that have been simulated or measured over a long period to produce relatively large ergodic time series. In the context of numerical simulation, unlike existing reliability approaches, the novel methodology does not need to re-start simulation again each time the system fails. As shown in this work, an accurate forecast of the probability of system failure can be made using measured structural response. Furthermore, traditional reliability techniques cannot effectively deal with large dimensionality systems and cross-correction across multiple dimensions. The paper aims to establish a state-of-the-art method for extracting essential information concerning extreme responses of the FOWT through simulated time-history data. Three key components of structural loads are analyzed, including the blade-root out-of-plane bending moment, tower fore-aft bending moment, and mooring line tension. The approach suggested in this study allows predicting failure probability efficiently for a non-linear multi-dimensional dynamic system as a whole.

Social media is increasingly utilized as a resource in healthcare. We sought to identify perceptions of using social media as an educational tool among healthcare practitioners. An electronic survey was distributed to healthcare administrators, nurses, nurse practitioners, pharmacists, physicians, and physician assistants f hospital systems and affiliated health science schools in Georgia, Maryland, South Carolina, and Wisconsin. Survey questions evaluated respondents' use and views of social media for educational purposes and workplace accessibility using a Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree). Nurses (75%), pharmacists (11%), and administrators (7%) were the most frequent respondents. Facebook® (27%), Pinterest® (17%), and Instagram® (17%) were the most frequently accessed social media platforms. Nearly 85% agreed or strongly agreed that social media can be an effective tool for educational purposes. Among those who had social media platforms, 43.0% use them for educational purposes. Pinterest® (30%), Facebook® (22%), LinkedIn® (16%), and Twitter® (14%) were most frequently used for education. About 50% of respondents had limited or no access to social media at work. Administrators, those with unlimited and limited work access, and respondents aged 20-29 and 30-39 years were more likely to agree that social media is an educational tool (OR: 3.41 (95% CI 1.31 to 8.84), 4.18 (95% CI 2.30 to 7.60), 1.66 (95% CI 1.22 to 2.25), 4.40 (95% CI 2.80 to 6.92), 2.14 (95% CI 1.53 to 3.01) respectively). Residents, physicians, and those with unlimited access were less likely to agree with allowing social media access at work for educational purposes only. Healthcare practitioners frequently utilize social media, and many believe it can be an effective educational tool in healthcare.