Search

Background: Dengue is a arthropod borne acute viral illness caused by Flavivirus and transmitted by Aedes Aegypti mosquito and is characterized by biphasic fever, myalgia, arthralgia, rash and lymphadenopathy. There are 4 distinct antigenic types of Dengue Virus-DEN 1, DEN 2, DEN 3, DEN 4. Infection by one serotype provides lifelong immunity against a particular serotype but doesn't have cross protection against other serotypes. Material and Methods: This is a hospital based Prospective observational study conducted in the Department of Pediatrics, Navodaya Medical College Hospital and Research centre over a period of 6 months from April 2023 to September 2023. A total of 107 cases were included in the study after taking informed consent from the parents. Clinically suspected dengue is Fever =38°C for less than 7 days with any 2 of the following-Nausea, Vomiting, Headache, Retro orbital pain or any warning signs like hypotension, Hemorrhagic manifestations. Results: In our study it was found that majority of children were in between 5-10 years of age. In both Group 1 and Group 2 with 37(48.6%) in group 1 and 11(14.4%) in group 2 with male predominance in both the groups 40(52.6%) and 18(58.1%) in 1 and 2 group respectively. In Category B symptoms majority of children presented with abdominal pain followed by persistent vomiting and then clinical fluid accumulation. Conclusion: This comparative study on clinical profiles within dengue serological subgroups provides valuable insights into the diverse manifestations of the disease. By examining distinct serotypes, we've identified variations in symptom severity, duration, and complications associated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Extragonadal germ cell tumors (EGGCTs) are tumors arising at extragonadal ana-tomical locations. The biological behavior and prognosis of these tumors differ from their gonadal counterparts. Our study aims to analyze their histological subtypes, the outcome, and the prognosis of these lesions at various age groups. Material and Methods: We carried out a retrospective analysis of all patients with EGGCTs diag-nosed from January 2017 to December 2019. Results: Our study included 61 cases of EGGCTs. These cases were divided into neonatal (birth to six months), prepubertal (more than six months to 12 years), and post-pubertal group (>12 years). The most frequently affected group was prepubertal (44.2%). The age ranged from birth to 45 years with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.03. The frequently involved site was sacrococcyx (36%) followed by mediastinum (31.1%). The common histologic subtype was mature teratoma (39.3%), followed by yolk sac tumor (YST) (18%), mixed germ cell tumor (18%), immature teratoma (14.7%), and germinoma (9.8%). Four cases of teratoma had somatic malignancies. There were 48 stage I, 8 stage II, and 2 stage III tumors. Statistical analysis revealed a significant association of age group concerning primary site (p=0.004), histological type (p=0.002), and clinical stage (p=0.034). In a median follow-up of 30 months, an Overall Survival (OS) of 93.2% and Event Free Survival (EFS) of 90.4% were noted across all age groups. OS of 100% (neonatal), 96% (prepubertal) and 88.0% (post-pubertal) revealing a declining trend (p=0.324) with increasing age was noted. The important prognostic factors include histological subtype (mixed germ cell tumors and teratomas with somatic malignancies had reduced overall survival) and stage (I vs II and III) for OS and stage alone for EFS (P<0.0001). Conclusion: Our study highlights the clinicopathological characteristics, prognostic parameters, and the outcome of GCTs occurring at extragonadal sites and emphasizes the role of pathologists in the detailed reporting of these lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Byline: Prakruthi. Kaushik, Vykuntaraju. Gowda, Sanjay. Shivappa, Rajeshwari. Mannapur, Ajay. Jaysheel Background: Botulinum toxin A is established as an effective treatment to reduce spasticity in cerebral palsy (CP). But very [...]

Aspergillosis causes invasive pulmonary disease in patients with hematological malignancies. Children with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) usually have nonspecific radiographic findings unlike cavitary lesions commonly seen in adults. Pneumothorax due to rupture of peripheral fungal lesionmay be a severe complication in patients with neutropenia. Here, we describe three children during induction chemotherapy for Blymphoblastic leukemia with pneumothorax as a presenting feature of pulmonary aspergillosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction The Capizzi-style methotrexate (MTX) is an integral part of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treatment. The escalating dose of MTX originally used in the United Kingdom and Children's Oncology Group protocols along with L-asparaginase has been modified in the Indian Childhood Collaborative Leukemia (ICiCLe) group protocol where L-asparaginase has been omitted. The data regarding the incidence of toxicities and ease of administration on the Capizzi-style interim maintenance is not robust. Objectives We have compiled our experience with administration and toxicity profile in children with intermediate-risk ALL. Materials and Methods A retrospective data collection of all children diagnosed with intermediate-risk ALL as per the ICiCLe risk stratification in the year 2019 was included in the analysis. Each cycle of MTX was started after ensuring an absolute neutrophil count of >750/mm 3 and transaminases <2 upper limit of normal. As a unit protocol, pre- and post-MTX hydration was administered in all our children. No urine pH or midcycle biochemical parameter monitoring was done. Statistical analysis was done using Microsoft Excel and SPSS version 24 IBM Corp. in Armonk, New York, United States. Results Forty-six children were included in the study. The median age of children in our study was 6 years (range: 1 year 2 months–12 years). Undernutrition was associated with a significant increase in toxicity (p = 0.02). Fifty-two percent of children had evidence of toxicity, elevated transaminases being the most common. There were recurring symptoms resulting in 53 episodes of toxicities overall. Incidence of toxicity was more in the early cycles (<3). Conclusion The pre- and post-MTX hydration is an effective way to reduce toxicities with the Capizzi-style MTX and this course can be administered with ease on outpatient basis with minimal need for monitoring or admission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: None.