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This article provides a comparative analysis of the regulation of ammonia emissions, primarily from livestock installations, in Denmark, Germany and the Netherlands. It discusses the challenges of regulating agricultural ammonia emissions in view of the rulings of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) on Art. 6(3) of the Habitats Directive. It is argued that the need to ensure certainty concerning the absence of significant effects on Natura 2000 sites is challenged by the uncertainties regarding both the state of individual habitat types and the potential impact of individual projects. A more integrated or programmatic approach may provide an alternative approach to individual assessments, but it is necessary to ensure that additional loads from new or enlarged livestock installations are permitted in areas with high ammonia loads only where it is certain that a programmatic approach will ensure that there are no harmful effects. This might be an almost impossible task. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2015, China’s national government initiated a Sponge City Programme to address its urban flood issues. A sponge city is a city built around the concept of managing water in an ecologically sustainable way. The intention is to improve urban resilience through rainwater capture, storage and use. This article applies a four-mode governance framework to analyze the programme. It identifies the strengths and weaknesses of the programme implementation and provides recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the importance of water management for the safety of the European Union (EU) citizens during climate change. It states that adaptive water management help protect the aquatic ecosystem and prevent or minimize the damage cause by climate change. It examines the role of the government on the social-ecological resilience of the economy and for the public interest.

The article discusses the development of international law which focuses on addressing land-based pollution in the Mediterranean Sea. It provides an overview of these laws both at the international and European levels, including United Nations (UN) Watercourses Convention and UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, Barcelona Convention and Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). The author asserts that international and European environmental laws should be associated with each and cooperation among courts must be considered to effectively understand their responsibilities in governing the laws.