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Subduction zones are associated with significant seismic hazards around the world and determining the future locations of large earthquakes within these systems is a perpetual challenge of the Earth sciences. This study presents back-projection results from the 2021 M w 7.1 Fukushima earthquake which show that the rupture area of this event filled a previously identified coseismic gap within the rupture area of the 2011 M w 9.1 Tohoku-oki earthquake. These results, combined with observations of a similar coseismic gap from the 2010 M w 8.8 Maule, Chile earthquake that was subsequently filled by a M w 7.1 aftershock, demonstrate that future assessments of seismic hazards following giant earthquakes should include the identification of coseismic gaps left within main shock rupture areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deep‐focus earthquakes provide insight into how subducting slabs deform over a range of spatial and temporal scales as they descend into the mantle. This study uses a 4D source imaging approach to determine centroid locations of the 2015 Mw 7.9 Bonin Islands deep‐focus earthquake and its aftershock sequence. Imaged sources of the mainshock show a complex rupture, but one that is compatible with a sub‐horizontal rupture plane. Previously undetected early aftershocks are imaged down to depths of approximately 750 km and represent the first reported earthquakes that initiate in the lower mantle. These events and a previously reported group of shallower distal aftershocks occur at the lower and upper boundaries of an imaged slab segment that deforms as it penetrates into the lower mantle. We hypothesize that mainshock failure allowed gravitational settling of the slab segment to occur which produced the distal aftershock sequences. Plain Language Summary: The causes of earthquakes below depths of approximately 60 km inside the Earth have been debated for nearly a century. This study reports on the first detected earthquakes with source locations in the lower mantle. These observations provide new insights into the mechanisms that can produce earthquakes deep inside the Earth. Key Points: A 4D back‐projection method is used to image the 2015 Mw 7.9 Bonin Islands deep‐focus earthquake and its aftershock sequenceEarly aftershocks detected down to ∼750 km depth are the first reported events that initiate in the lower mantleDistal aftershocks are hypothesized to occur at the top and bottom boundaries of a settling slab segment in response to the mainshock [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]