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(Zn[sub 1-y]Mg[sub y])[sub 1-χ]Al[sub χ]O powders were synthesized by the polymerized complex method and then consolidated by spark plasma sintering apparatus. The microscopic structure and thermoelectric properties were examined comparing with the experimental results of the samples prepared by the conventional solid-state reaction method. A small amount of ZnAl[sub 2]O[sub 4] spinel phase as the second phase was observed in the sintered samples with x ≥ 0.02 by x-ray diffraction and a scanning electron microscope. The grain size of the samples prepared by the polymerized complex method is much smaller than that of the samples prepared by the conventional solid-state reaction method. The absolute values of the Seebeck coefficient and electrical resistivity decrease with increasing x up to about χ = 0.01, but above χ = 0.01 they are almost independent of χ. This result indicates that the solubility limit of Al in Zn[sub 1-χ]Al[sub χ]O is about χ = 0.01, which is also confirmed by [sup 27]Al nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. At a fixed composition of χ, the absolute values of the Seebeck coefficient and electrical resistivity for the samples prepared by the polymerized complex method are smaller than those for the samples prepared by the solid-state reaction method, which indicates that the doping of the carrier into the material can be more easily realized in the samples prepared by the polymerized complex method. The thermal conductivity decreases with increasing χ, but the further suppression of the thermal conductivity was attained by the additional substitution on the Zn site by Mg. The Seebeck coefficient of (Zn[sub 1-y]Mg[sub y])[sub 1-χ]Al[sub χ]O is almost independent of Mg content y, but the electrical resistivity increases with increasing y. As a result, (Zn[sub 0.90]Mg[sub 0.10])[sub 0.9975]Al[sub 0.0025]O shows a maximum dimensionless figure of merit of 0.10 at 1073 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ref.: 88(4): 448-455. In the original article there is an error in the figure legend of Figure 3. The figure legend was incorrectly labeled, so what the legend denotes as [...]

The safety and pharmacokinetics of BO-2727, a new injectable 1-β-methyl carbapenem antibiotic, and its effect on the faecal microflora were evaluated in single- and multiple-dose studies involving twenty-four healthy male adult volunteers following a preliminary safety evaluation of 25, 50 and 125 mg iv doses in six volunteers. BO-2727 was administered by iv infusion over 30 min. There was a good correlation between BO-2727 concentrations assayed by HPLC and a microbiological method; the HPLC results were used in the pharmacokinetic analysis. The single-dose study indicated that plasma concentration versus time curves at doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg were well described by a two-compartment open model. The mean (±S.D.) elimination half-life ranged from 1·41±0·21 h to 1·54±0·10 h, and the peak plasma concentrations () and the area under the plasma concentration versus time curves increased linearly with the dose. The mean urinary recoveries within the first 24 h were 70·63±5·24% to 77·38±4·55% of the dose. The highest concentration of BO-2727 in saliva was 0·72 mg/L which was reached 1 h after the start of the 1000 mg infusion and accounted for approximately 1% of the Cnax. No BO-2727 was found in faecal samples collected 24 and 48 h after a single 1000 mg dose. In the multiple-dose study, BO-2727 500 mg bd was administered for 4·5 days. There were no obvious differences in plasma concentrations and urinary recoveries between the single- and multiple-dose regimens. BO-2727 did not accumulate as determined by plasma concentrations and urinary recoveries. No marked changes in the aerobic and anaerobic faecal microflora were observed during multiple-dose administration. There were no significant adverse reactions, and likewise no abnormalities in physical and laboratory examinations that were definitely related to the drug. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The safety and pharmacokinetics of NM441, a prodrug of a new thiazeto-quinoline carboxylic acid derivative, NM394, were evaluated in healthy male volunteers given the drug orally in single doses of 20, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg, and multiple doses of 300 mg twice daily for 6.5 days. No remarkable abnormalities were observed in symptoms, physical tests, laboratory tests, electrocardiogram (ECG), electroencephalogram (EEG), or equilibrium test. The mean plasma concentrations of active metabolite NM394 peaked between 0.5 and 1.0 hours, and the maximum concentrations were 0.68, 1.09, and 1.88 μg/mL at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg, respectively. The mean half-lives were 7.7 to 8.9 hours and were not affected by dose. The mean urinary excretion rates of NM394 were 46.0, 38.3, and 30.6% of the doses within 48 hours, respectively, and other metabolites were excreted in urine by 7% of the doses. The mean salivary concentrations of NM394 were approximately 20% of the plasma concentrations. The mean fecal excretion rates of NM394 and NM441 were 52.9 and 4.2%, respectively within 72 hours after dosing of 400 mg. The Cmax, AUC, and urinary excretion rates were not altered by food intake, whereas the Tmax was prolonged slightly. In the multiple-dose study, the steady state of plasma concentration of NM394 was achieved on day 3 or 4, and further accumulation did not occur thereafter. The mean urinary excretion rate of NM394 was 49.0% during and 48 hours after the multiple administration. The acceptable safety and tolerance and defined pharmacokinetic characteristics of NM441 support further testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Omeprazole is metabolized by S-mephenytoin 4'-hydroxylase (CYP2C19) in the liver. In persons with a poor-metabolizer genotype for CYP2C19, the therapeutic efficacy of omeprazole may be increased.Objective: To investigate whether CYP2C19 genotype status is associated with cure rates for Helicobacterpylori infection and peptic ulcer achieved by using dual therapy with omeprazole and amoxicillin.Design: Prospective cohort study.Setting: University hospital and health service center in Hamamatsu, Japan.Patients: 62 patients with peptic ulcer and H. pylori infection.Intervention: Omeprazole and amoxicillin.Measurements: CYP2C19 genotype status and cure rates for H. pylori infection and peptic ulcer.Results: Cure rates for H. pylori infection were 28.6% (95% CI, 13.1% to 48.7%), 60% (CI, 38.6% to 83.0%), and 100% (CI, 66.4% to 100%) in the rapid-, intermediate-, and poor-metabolizer groups, respectively. Healing rates for both duodenal and gastric ulcer in the three groups were roughly parallel with cure rates for H. pylori infection.Conclusion: The results of the genotyping test for CYP2C19 seem to predict cure of H. pylori infection and peptic ulcer in patients who receive dual therapy with omeprazole and amoxicillin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]