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This article explores the notion of the duality principle, as embodied in the German dual system of Vocational Education and Training (VET), within the context of a field survey of skill shortages faced by German and Indian firms operating in India. The study finds that these firms experience problems with the quantity and quality of skills supplied and, in response to these problems, use some form of in-house training for new recruits and employees. Firms also express a willingness to cooperate in skill-development programmes and in joint funding with government. The article makes a strong case for adapting some of the critical elements of the German dual system to render Indian VET more responsive to the labour market and provide a formally structured and integrated system of skill development.

As the trend towards E-teaching learning strengthens,questions remain unanswered with the effectiveness of online learning in comparison to traditional classroom learning. The aim of this paper is to analyze the impact of online and offline (conventional method) teaching method on student's learning achievement. This article outlines a case study of E-teaching vs traditional teaching learning of a Mathematics course to first year engineering students within their respective programmes. The results of study are analyzed using bar/pie charts. Comparison between online teaching and traditional teaching has been done for various parameters related to students' interest for online/offline teaching, interaction with students, students' comfort level, instructor's competency etc. related to teaching and learning. The findings generate insights which help to understand the benefits and shortcomings of online/offline teaching consequently helping in improved design of such courses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Countries across the globe have made progress in enhancing the status of women in their respective societies, but women and men still live in a world that is marked by deep inequality in all spheres of life. Employment opportunities and outcomes are highly unequal. Gender continues to be a significant factor for determining wages in the Indian market. On an average, female employees earn 25 per cent less than their male counterparts according to the Monster Salary Index on gender for 2016. Though the Indian Government has taken various measures to address the bias against women workers, a persistent and wide gender pay gap exists. Since employment is critical for women's economic independence and is also considered an indicator of their overall status in society, the main objective of this paper is to analyse the status of female wage differentials in the labour market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]