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El artículo estudia las estrategias textuales utilizadas por Rosalía de Castro en «Las Literatas» para denunciar la violencia estructural y epistémica que sufren las mujeres escritoras y defender su derecho participar en la esfera pública a través de la actividad literaria. El texto surge en un contexto peculiar, un año después de que las manifestaciones callejeras de seminaristas impidieran la publicación de otro artículo suyo en el mismo Almanaque para la Juventud Elegante. Este artículo, tratando el tema general del silenciamiento impuesto a las mujeres, expone su reacción ante cualquier presión: seguir escribiendo y publicar. El desdoblamiento de la voz narradora para mostrar un yo autorial excindido, dialógico e incluso incoherente o contradictorio continúa una tradición iniciada por las autoras románticas para generar fisuras en un modelo de feminidad disciplinado en los límites del espacio que se les asignaba.

The sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari Zehntner, is an economically damaging pest of sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.), across the southern United States. Field experiments investigated impacts of sorghum cultivar, nitrogen fertilization, and insecticides on M. sacchari infestations and sorghum yields in Louisiana and South Carolina in 2017 and 2018. In South Carolina, M. sacchari densities in unprotected plots peaked on 30–31 July of both years before declining by early- to mid-August. In Louisiana, infestations peaked on 26 and 12 July for 2017 and 2018, respectively, and declined by mid-August. Nitrogen fertilization influenced M. sacchari densities in Louisiana in 2018 with the highest-level infestations recorded from plots that received high N rates. Densities of M. sacchari on susceptible sorghum cultivar, DKS 38-88, were 1.5- to 2.3-fold greater than on DKS 37-07 in both years in Louisiana and in 2018 in South Carolina. Nitrogen fertilization was associated with improved sorghum yields in Louisiana experiments. Sorghum yields across experiments were 2- to 4-fold greater in plots protected with multiple insecticide applications than in unprotected plots. Yield from plots with insecticides sprayed once at currently used action thresholds differed from unprotected plots only in the 2018 Louisiana experiment. Results from these experiments indicate insecticidal protection of susceptible sorghum cultivars remains critical throughout much of the southern United States. Further research is needed to develop integrated management programs that incorporate fertilization manipulation, cultivar resistance, and insecticidal control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing population of artificial satellites in near-Earth orbit has made the monitoring of orbital debris objects ever more important. Orbital debris objects pose a threat to these satellites as their orbit cannot be changed in order to avoid a collision. In recent years, the European Space Agency (ESA)'s Space Surveillance and Tracking (SST) programme has been assisting national institutions in the upgrading of their space debris detection and monitoring capabilities. One of the latest such systems within this programme is the BIRALES space surveillance system based in Italy. The receiving antenna is a radio telescope that is made up of 32 receivers which are placed on eight parabolic cylindrical reflectors of the North–South arm of the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF)'s Northern Cross. This work introduces a new software backend which was developed for this novel space debris sensor. The system was designed to be a fast, highly configurable software backend for the radio telescope's acquisition and processing system and whose monitoring and control can be realized by a simple front-end web-based application. The real-time detection of Resident Space Object (RSO) is an important prerequisite for such a system as it gives the operator an immediate feedback loop on any detections whilst keeping the storage requirements at a minimum given that there is no need to save the raw data. The detection of high-velocity objects is achieved by means of a specially developed data processing pipeline that uses the received raw antenna voltages to generate a number of beams, collectively known as a multipixel, that cover the Field of View (FoV) of the instrument. The trajectory of the detected objects is determined by considering the illumination sequence within this multipixel. The initial results on known objects represent the first steps in extending the growing network of European SST systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lung and colorectal cancers are among the leading causes of death from cancer worldwide. Although topotecan (TPT), a topoisomerase1 inhibitor, is a first- and second-line drug for lung and colon cancers, the development of drug resistance and toxicity still remain as a major obstacle to chemotherapeutic success. Accumulating evidence indicates increased efficacy and reduced toxicity of chemotherapeutic agents upon combining them with natural products. We aimed to investigate the possible interaction of safranal (SAF), a natural compound obtained from Crocus sativus stigma, with TPT when used in different sequences in colon and lung cancer cell lines. The growth inhibitory effect of the proposed combination given in different sequences was assessed using the colony formation assay. The comet assay, cell cycle distribution, Annexin-V staining, and expression of proteins involved in DNA damage/repair were utilized to understand the mechanism underlying the effect of the combination. SAF enhanced the growth inhibitory effects of TPT particularly when it was added to the cells prior to TPT. This combination increased the double-strand break induction and dysregulated the DNA repair machinery, particularly the tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 enzyme. In addition, the SAF + TPT combination increased the fraction of cells arrested at the G2/M checkpoint as well as enhanced the induction of apoptosis. The current study highlights the status of SAF as a natural product sensitizing the lung and colon cancer cells to the cytotoxic effects of the anticancer drug TPT. In addition, it emphasizes the importance of sequence-dependent interaction which can affect the overall outcome.

Introduction: Skin disease is one of the leading cause of morbidity worldwide. Most instruments measuring the impact of skin disease on quality of life are developed in the west and not applicable to the socio-cultural situation in Nepal. The aim of the study was to develop and validate a questionnaire to measure quality of life impairment due to skin disease in Nepal. Methods: Different aspects of quality of life impairment were identified from 35 in-depth interviews and two focus group discussions, with villagers with various skin diseases. Based on this information, 10 questions scoring the influence of skin diseases on quality of life - Skin Disease Disability Index (SDDI) - was developed. This instrument was tested and validated in 212 villagers with skin disease and in 100 healthy villagers. Results: The maximum total Skin Disease Disability Index score was 36. There was a wide variation in total Skin Disease Disability Index score between individuals with skin disease (range 1-33) with a mean score of 13.2, while in controls the mean total score was 1 (p<0.001). Thus, the Skin Disease Disability Index clearly discriminates between these two groups. The difference in mean score for single questions between patients and controls was also highly significant (p<0.001). Conclusions: The questionnaire clearly covered all aspects of quality of life related to skin disease and was, simple, robust, easy to use and well accepted by the selected population. The Skin Disease Disability Index was reliable in the overall score as well as in individual questions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A thermophilic strain isolated from sea sand at Maronti, near Sant' Angelo (Ischia), is described. The organism grows well at an optimal temperature of 60 °C at pH 7.0. The thermophilic bacterium, named strain 4004, produces an exocellular polysaccharide (EPS) in yields of 90 mg/1. The EPS fraction was produced with all substrates tested, although a higher yield was obtained with sucrose or trehalose as sole carbon source. During growth, the EPS content was proportional to the biomass. Three fractions (EPS1, EPS2, EPS3) were obtained after purification. Quantitative monosaccharide analysis of the EPSs revealed the presence of mannose:glucose:galactose in a relative ratio of 0.5:1.0:0.3 in EPS1, mannose:glucose:galactose in a relative ratio of 1.0:0.3:trace in EPS2, and galactose:mannose:glucosamine:arabinose in a relative ratio of 1.0:0.8:0.4:0.2 in EPS3. The average molecular mass of EPS3 was determined to be 1×10[sup 6] Da. From comparison of the chemical shift values in ¹H and [sup 13]C spectra, we conclude that EPS3 presents a pentasaccharide repeating unit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eurax is a topical medicament widely used in the treatment of various itchy dermatoses. It contains 10% N-ethyl-o-crotonotoluide (crotamiton) and is formulated as a cream or ointment. Researcher E.S. Bereston first reported dermatitis due to Eurax ointment in a woman with chronic eczema of the ears. Researchers T.J.A Dijk and K. Mariel reported another case in a woman with stasis eczema. A 40-year-old woman with a dermatosis of the legs was treated with Eurax cream. After 1 month, she developed an acute dermatitis of the hands, face and trunk. Patch tests with the standard series were negative.

Contact dermatitis from clobetasol propionate, a topical corticosteroid, has been discussed in the article. Despite its anti-inflammatory action, it has produced several cases of allergic contact dermatitis. Three cases related to its application have been presented in the article. Patch tests of all the three patients showed positive reaction to clobetasol ointment. As suggested by other researchers, this drug may have a somewhat higher sensitizing potential than other halogenated corticosteroids.