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In the conditions of worsening global energy problems, financial instruments play a key role in reforming the energy market. They provide the necessary financial resources for the development and implementation of environmentally friendly energy technologies, aimed at supporting projects that reduce the negative impact on the environment, and contribute to attracting private capital to finance environmentally friendly projects. The purpose of this study is to analyze trends in research on financial instruments of the green energy transition. The article carries out a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of scientific works devoted to the problem of financing the green energy transition. The object of the research is the publications indexed by the Scopus database for 1954-2023. Research tools are programs for bibliometric data analysis Vosviewer, SciVal and CiteSpace. Based on the trend analysis of publication activity on the issues of financing the green energy transition, the key role of the Paris Agreement of 2015 in the growth of interest in these issues has been proven. Visualization of the most used keywords in scientific works on green energy transition financing allowed us to identify four clusters of keywords that characterize the concepts of green energy transition: the concept of "green construction", the concept of "green technologies and innovations", the concept of renewable energy, and the concept of "green of finance". Analysis of the frequency and number of citations of publications on green energy transition financing issues using the CiteSpace package made it possible to determine the TOP-17 keywords, highlight the period of their greatest citations, and carry out their clustering. Phrases most often used in publications include: finance, alternative economy, green bonds, green innovation, sustainable development, greenhouse gas emissions, sustainable finance, green credit, green economy, climate finance. Based on the analysis of relationships between keywords, seven clusters were identified: sustainable development, financing constraints, green bonds, green credit policy, green bonds, green economic growth, green economic recovery. The obtained results can be used by state institutions to improve financing strategies for green energy transition programs from the point of view of determining modern trends and key vectors of green finance development in the field of energy, analysis of the most effective financing tools, and identification of problems in the field of energy development.

The research relevance is determined by artificial intelligence (AI) as one of the ways to guarantee public safety and increase the effectiveness of law enforcement agencies. The study aims to investigate whether AI can be used in the legal system, with a particular focus on forensics and crime fighting. To achieve the research goal, the following methods were used: comparative legal, formal legal, historical legal, systemic and structural, and theoretical and prognostic. The article examines the use of AI in the legal sector from different perspectives and identifies “high- risk” AI systems. These systems should be used with caution and following specific criteria to ensure their safe and ethical use. In the context of criminal justice, it also examines how conventional digital technologies are connected to sophisticated AI capabilities, with a particular focus on the use of AI in the investigation of war crimes committed by Russia against Ukraine. While it is recognised that these materials must comply with applicable legal norms, AI is being used with great attention to collect and analyse data relevant to war crimes investigations. The results of the study show that although the use of AI in law enforcement operations can significantly increase the effectiveness of investigations, strict rules are still necessary to protect human rights and freedoms. It highlights how important AI is for war crimes investigations, especially considering Russian full-scale invasion of Ukraine. While it is recognised that these materials must comply with applicable legal norms, AI is being used with great attention to collect and analyse data relevant to war crimes investigations. The results of the study show that although the use of AI in law enforcement operations can significantly increase the effectiveness of investigations, strict rules are still necessary to protect human rights and freedoms. It emphasises how important AI is for war crimes investigations, especially considering Russian full-scale invasion of Ukraine

The paper treats properties of pseudo-Riemannian spaces admitting non-trivial geodesic mappings. A symmetric pair of pseudo-Riemannian spaces is a pair of spaces with coinciding values of covariant derivatives for their Riemann tensors. It is proved that the symmetric pair of pseudo-Riemannian spaces, which are not spaces of constant curvatures, are defined unequivocally by their geodesic lines. The research is carried out locally, using tensors, with no restrictions to the sign of the metric tensor and the signature of a space.

У статті розглянуто життєвий шлях першого Президента Республіки Казахстан Нурсултана Назарбаєва від народження до проголошення незалежності цієї держави. Метою статті є дослідити формування Н. Назарбаєва як політика й державного діяча, проаналізувати сторінки його трудової біографії, еволюцію поглядів на економічні, екологічні проблеми республіки, політику перебудови, стосунки з союзним центром, його роль у розпаді СРСР та появі незалежного Казахстану. Особливу увагу акцентовано на періоді його навчання в Україні та ставленні до України. Було встановлено, що Н. Назарбаєв рішуче відстоював економічний суверенітет Казахстану, право республіки розпоряджатися своїми природними ресурсами, вести міжнародну економічну діяльність. При здійсненні реформ керувався принципом: «спочатку економіка, потім політика». Тому Президент Казахстану проводив досить обережну політику, не виступав за незалежність, підтримував ідею нового союзного договору, який на практиці зосереджував всю владу в руках республіканських еліт. Під час ключових моментів останнього періоду існування СРСР Н. Назарбаєв уникав безпосередньої участі в подіях: відмовився від пропозицій обійняти посади прем’єр-міністра, віце-президента СРСР, заступника генерального секретаря ЦК КПРС, не висловлював підтримки, але й не засуджував серпневий путч 1991 р., ухилився від підписання Біловезьких угод про припинення існування СРСР, натомість використовував послаблення центру після путчу для наповнення реальним змістом суверенітету Казахстану. Наприкінці 1980-х — на початку 1990-х рр. політичні погляди лідера Казахстану стрімко еволюціонували: від підтримки перебудови як оновлення «радянського соціалізму» до ринкової економіки під жорстким державним контролем (за зразком «азійських тигрів»), від захисту «оновленої федерації» економічно суверенних республік до цілковитої незалежності. У грудні 1991 р. Н. Назарбаєв взяв на себе місію модератора цивілізованого розлучення колишніх радянських республік. Його політичний феномен базується на величезному життєвому досвіді, глибокому знанні економіки й промисловості країни, обережному ставленні до національного питання, тонкій інтуїції, здатності ухвалювати стратегічні рішення. Ключові слова: Казахстан, біографія, реформи, модернізація, суверенітет, незалежність, президент.

The article deals with the impact of disputes of leaders of the USSR over the visit of US President R. Nixon to the fall of the first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine P. Shelest. The article was published in the ‘Washington Post’ by D. Anderson, which based on the CIA's secret materials contained information about the conflict between L. Brezhnev and P. Shelest regarding R. Nixon's visit and the support of General Secretary by V. Shcherbytsky, are analyzing. P. Shelest's position in the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee on the politics of Détente, R. Nixon's visit and his assessment of the foreign policy of L. Brezhnev is revealed. The positions of other members of the Politburo have been covered. The reasons and circumstances of the increasing influence of L. Brezhnev on the foreign policy of the USSR and the defeat of the supporters of the hard course and the class approach were found out. The role of the international factor in ending the political career of P. Shelest and ascending to the top of the political Olympus of the USSR V. Shcherbytsky was investigated. As a result of the study, it became known that P. Shelest was an conservator in the foreign policy of the USSR, demanded the suppression of the “Prague Spring”, was skeptical of the Détente and attempts of L. Brezhnev to establish personal contacts with Western leaders. The brutal bombing of North Vietnam and the death of Soviet citizens were a good reason for P. Shelest and N. Podgorny to endure R. Nixon's visit. P. Shelest's removal was due to internal reasons: his independence position, desire for economic autonomy, insufficiently decisive struggle with dissidents, complaints of other Ukrainian leaders. However, the sudden replacement of the leader of the republic on the eve of the arrival of the President of the United States in Kiev may have been caused by P. Shelest's position regarding Détente and visit of R. Nixon.

The article touches upon the ideological and political transformation of the Labor Party of Great Britain after the defeat in the 2015 parliamentary elections. The struggle between the supporters of Anthony Blair’s policy (“New Labour”) and “hard left” ended with an unexpected victory by veteran of Labour, Leftist Socialist Jeremy Corbin, despite the resistance of the Blairist establishment and media criticism. No less unexpected was the relative success of the Labour Party in the early 2017 parliamentary elections. The importance of the conceptual and the theoretical understanding of the “Left turn” of the Labor Party and the West in general, where the left-wing representatives (B. Sanders, J. Corbin, J.-L. Mélenchon) had achieved remarkable success in the elections, has been underlined. The article deals with the political biography of the leader of the Labour Party, his views on domestic and foreign policy. The course of the election campaign, the peculiarities of its coverage in the media, the reasons for the fall of conservative popularity and the rise of the Labour ratings have been highlighted. The Labour Party Manifesto 2017 “For the many, not the few”, which became the most left program since 1983, has been analyzed. As a result of the election, the Conservative and Unionist Party lost the majority in the House of Commons. It was a moral triumph of Jeremy Corbin over the “New Labour” which increased his chances of becoming Prime Minister in the future.

The research relevance is determined by artificial intelligence (AI) as one of the ways to guarantee public safety and increase the effectiveness of law enforcement agencies. The study aims to investigate whether AI can be used in the legal system, with a particular focus on forensics and crime fighting. To achieve the research goal, the following methods were used: comparative legal, formal legal, historical legal, systemic and structural, and theoretical and prognostic. The article examines the use of AI in the legal sector from different perspectives and identifies "highrisk" AI systems. These systems should be used with caution and following specific criteria to ensure their safe and ethical use. In the context of criminal justice, it also examines how conventional digital technologies are connected to sophisticated AI capabilities, with a particular focus on the use of AI in the investigation of war crimes committed by Russia against Ukraine. While it is recognised that these materials must comply with applicable legal norms, AI is being used with great attention to collect and analyse data relevant to war crimes investigations. The results of the study show that although the use of AI in law enforcement operations can significantly increase the effectiveness of investigations, strict rules are still necessary to protect human rights and freedoms. It highlights how important AI is for war crimes investigations, especially considering Russian full-scale invasion of Ukraine. While it is recognised that these materials must comply with applicable legal norms, AI is being used with great attention to collect and analyse data relevant to war crimes investigations. The results of the study show that although the use of AI in law enforcement operations can significantly increase the effectiveness of investigations, strict rules are still necessary to protect human rights and freedoms. It emphasises how important AI is for war crimes investigations, especially considering Russian full-scale invasion of Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

У статті висвітлюється ранній період життя та діяльності визначного вітчизняного інженера шляхів сполучення Л.Ф. Ніколаї (1844-1908). Показано, що в історію вітчизняної науки і техніки Леопольд Федорович Ніколаї (Леопольд-Фрідріх Фрідріхович Ніколаї) увійшов як визначний вчений в галузі будівельної механіки і гідравліки, один з основоположників вітчизняної школи мостобудування. Детально висвітлюються його ранні наукові здобутки, участь у будівництві перших вітчизняних залізниць.

У статті висвітлюється життєвий та творчий шлях визначного вітчизняного вченого та інженера Л.Ф. Ніколаї. Його класичні наукові праці з розрахунку мостових конструкцій стали посібниками для багатьох поколінь проектувальників і будівничих мостів.

The article examines the biography of Nursultan Nazarbayev, the first President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, tracing his life from birth to the country's declaration of independence. The objective of the article is to explore Nazarbayev's development as a politician and statesman, examining his career trajectory, his evolving viewpoints on the economic and environmental issues facing the republic, his stance on Perestroika, and his role in the dissolution of the USSR. Particular attention is given to Nazarbayev's educational period in Ukraine and his relations with Ukraine. Research indicates that N. Nazarbayev championed the economic sovereignty of Kazakhstan, advocating for the republic's right to manage its own natural resources and engage in international economic activities. His governance was steered by the philosophy of prioritizing «economy first, then politics». Consequently, the Kazakh president maintained a prudent approach, not actively seeking independence but endorsing the concept of a new union treaty. During the pivotal moments of the USSR's final stage, N. Nazarbayev remained somewhat detached from the political turmoil, declining offers for high-ranking positions, including Prime Minister and Vice President of the USSR. Moreover, he neither supported nor condemned the 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt and abstained from attending the signing of the Belovezha Accords in Belarus. In the late 1980's and early 1990's, N. Nazarbayev's perspective underwent significant transformations: transitioning from backing perestroika as a rejuvenation of «Soviet socialism» to endorsing a state-regulated market economy akin to the approach of the «Asian Tigers»; and shifting from supporting a «renewed federation» of economically sovereign republics to advocating full independence. In December 1991, he played a central role in facilitating the peaceful disbandment of the former Soviet republics. Nazarbayev's political acumen stems from his extensive life experiences, a profound understanding of the nation's economic and industrial landscape, a conscientious approach to national matters, sharp intuition, and a capacity for strategic decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper treats properties of pseudo-Riemannian spaces admitting non-trivial geodesic mappings. A symmetric pair of pseudo-Riemannian spaces is a pair of spaces with coinciding values of covariant derivatives for their Riemann tensors. It is proved that the symmetric pair of pseudoRiemannian spaces, which are not spaces of constant curvatures, are defined unequivocally by their geodesic lines. The research is carried out locally, using tensors, with no restrictions to the sign of the metric tensor and the signature of a space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper treats geodesic mappings of quasi-Einstein spaces with gradient defining vector. Previously the authors defined three types of these spaces. In the present paper it is proved that there are no quasi-Einstein spaces of special type. It is demonstrated that quasi-Einstein spaces of main type are closed with respect to geodesic mappings. The spaces of particular type are proved to be geodesic D-symmetric spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The linear friction welding process of α+β titanium alloys VT6 and VT8M-1 has been studied and in particular the investigation of microstructure in the weld zone. The results of this investigation were used for development of a numerical model of LFW equilibrium stage using the ANSYS Mechanical software. The set of parameters used in this model allowed to reach a quantitative agreement with experiments [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The life of Iaroslav Kalakura spans three periods in the history of Ukraine: he was born in Galicia during the Second Polish Republic; witnessed and participated in socialist changes in the Cis-Carpathian region studying "developed Socialism." For about two decades Kalakura worked for the benefit of historical studies and higher education of independent Ukraine. Each period influenced Kalakura’s views and was reflected in his research, but the historian has preserved his individuality, moral values, and civil position as a true Ukrainian. He was among the first historians in Ukraine to begin studying and popularizing works by Ukrainian historians of the diaspora. Kalakura is known as a specialist in theory and the methodology of historiography, source studies, and archives, and as a mentor for a new generation of historiographers.

Abstract: Data from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) collocated-sampler program for the National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network (NADP/NTN) are used to estimate the overall error of NADP/NTN measurements. Absolute errors are estimated by comparison of paired measurements from collocated instruments. Spatial and temporal differences in absolute error were identified and are consistent with longitudinal distributions of NADP/NTN measurements and spatial differences in precipitation characteristics. The magnitude of error for calcium, magnesium, ammonium, nitrate, and sulfate concentrations, specific conductance, and sample volume is of minor environmental significance to data users. Data collected after a 1994 sample-handling protocol change are prone to less absolute error than data collected prior to 1994. Absolute errors are smaller during non-winter months than during winter months for selected constituents at sites where frozen precipitation is common. Minimum resolvable differences are estimated for different regions of the USA to aid spatial and temporal watershed analyses. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

I walk briskly down the rain-washed sidewalk toward Dneprovskaia Street in the new microregion of Mogilev where the director lives... It is 7:00 in the morning. Clear footsteps resound in the driveway. The school Moskvich drives up. We get in and drive off through the town and finally reach the Bobruiskoe Highway. The fields of the training farm are located on both sides of the highway beyond the factory belt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bactericidal activity of blood serum (BABC), content of lysozyme, protein in it were recorded as well as formula and form of erythrocytes, activity of digestive enzymes by results of free amino acid accumulation in the food substrate were determined ten days after rhabdovirus injection to one-year-old carp. It is shown that if there are no clinical symptoms of viremia in carps, BABC, relative number of stab neutrophils and the value of eccentricity index in erythrocytes increase. Simultaneously stimulation of the activity of digestive enzymes and formation of free amino acids in chyme whose content is higher than that in the intact fish are observed in such fish. Free amino acids are discussed for expediency to be used as an additive to the folder for increasing resistivity of fish to infections.