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In high-impact, low-probability (HILP) events, resilience is defined as the ability of a system to return to a normal operating state after a failure. The generalization of information technologies and distributed renewable production is transforming the power grid into the so-called smart grid, thus allowing for new mitigation methods to address failures. After illustrating the limits of currently existing metrics, this paper proposes a method to quantify the resilience of smart grids during physical line faults while identifying the most impactful failures. For this purpose, a new resilience metric is defined in order to quantify Energy Not Exchanged (ENE). The calculation of this metric in a power grid via the optimal power flow (OPF) serves, therefore, to quantify the extreme resilience of the grid. In addition, various mitigation strategies, which enable maintaining a high level of resilience, despite the presence of failure, are simulated and then compared to one another (tie switch and microgrid formation). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the computation time and precision of a linear 2-D magnetic gear analytical model. Two main models of magnetic gears are studied: 1) the first with an infinite relative permeability of yokes and 2) the second with a finite relative permeability of yokes. These models are based on the subdomain resolution of Laplace and Poisson equations. To accurately compute the magnetic field distribution, it is necessary to take into account certain harmonics of the various rings and other system harmonics due to modulation. Global system harmonics, which increase the value of computation time, must also be taken into account. If the magnetic gear has a high pole number, then computation time increases even more and no longer allows for system optimization. This paper proposes to compute magnetic field distribution using different harmonic selection methods in order to significantly reduce the computation time for the magnetic torque without any loss of accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]