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Determination the percent of CMV infections in patient infected with ALL. CMV might play an important role in the progression of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and can be lead to increases complications of the disease and leads to a delay in recovery. In this study, the samples of fifty immuno compromised pediatric leukemic patients and thirty apparently healthy children were subjected to detection of anti-CMV IgG and anti-CMV IgM by using ELIZA technique. The anti-CMV IgM were detected in 50 and 50% of leukemic patients while anti-CMV IgG positive for patients (62.5%). From this study concluded present higher percent of CMV in ALL patients evidence that the virus is in the latent state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacterial infections in immunocompromised patients are associated with a high mortality and morbidity rate. In this high-risk group, the presence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, particularly bacteria that harbor a transferable antibiotic resistance gene, complicates the management of bacterial infections. In this study, we investigated the presence of the transferable colistin resistance mcr genes in patients with leukemia in Spain. 217 fecal samples collected in 2013–2015 from 56 patients with acute leukemia and colonized with MDR Enterobacteriaceae strains, were screened on September 2017 for the presence of the colistin resistance mcr genes (mcr-1 to -5) by multiplex PCR. mcr positive strains selected on LBJMR and MacConkey supplemented with colistin (2 μg/ml) media were phenotypically and molecularly characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, minimum inhibitory concentration, multilocus sequence typing and plasmid characterization. Among 217 fecal samples, 5 samples collected from 3 patients were positive for the presence of the mcr-1 colistin-resistance gene. Four Escherichia coli strains were isolated and exhibited resistance to colistin with MIC = 4 μg/ml. Other genes conferring the resistance to β-lactam antibiotics have also been identified in mcr-1 positive strains, including bla TEM-206 and bla TEM-98. Three different sequence types were identified, including ST1196, ST140 and ST10. Plasmid characterization allowed us to detect the mcr-1 colistin resistance gene on conjugative IncP plasmid type. To the best of our knowledge, we have identified the mcr-1 gene for the first time in leukemia patients in Spain. In light of these results, strict measures have been implemented to prevent its dissemination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We demonstrated that γδ T cells of patients given HLA-haploidentical HSCT after removal of αβ+ T cells and CD19+ B cells are endowed with the capacity of killing leukemia cells after ex vivo treatment with zoledronic acid (ZOL). Thus, we tested the hypothesis that infusion of ZOL in patients receiving this type of graft may enhance γδ T-cell cytotoxic activity against leukemia cells. ZOL was infused every 28 d in 43 patients; most were treated at least twice. γδ T cells before and after ZOL treatments were studied in 33 of these 43 patients, till at least 7 mo after HSCT by high-resolution mass spectrometry, flow-cytometry, and degranulation assay. An induction of Vδ2-cell differentiation, paralleled by increased cytotoxicity of both Vδ1 and Vδ2 cells against primary leukemia blasts was associated with ZOL treatment. Cytotoxic activity was further increased in Vδ2 cells, but not in Vδ1 lymphocytes in those patients given more than one treatment. Proteomic analysis of γδ T cells purified from patients showed upregulation of proteins involved in activation processes and immune response, paralleled by downregulation of proteins involved in proliferation. Moreover, a proteomic signature was identified for each ZOL treatment. Patients given three or more ZOL infusions had a better probability of survival in comparison to those given one or two treatments (86% vs. 54%, respectively, p = 0.008). Our data indicate that ZOL infusion in pediatric recipients of αβ T- and B-cell-depleted HLA-haploidentical HSCT promotes γδ T-cell differentiation and cytotoxicity and may influence the outcome of patients.

We have analyzed gene expression data from three different kinds of samples: normal human tissues, human cancer cell lines, and leukemic cells from lymphoid and myeloid leukemia pediatric patients. We have searched for genes that are overexpressed in human cancer and also show specific patterns of tissue-dependent expression in normal tissues. Using the expression data of the normal tissues, we identified 4,346 genes with a high variability of expression and clustered these genes according to their relative expression level. Of 91 stable clusters obtained, 24 clusters included genes preferentially expressed either only in hematopoietic tissues or in hematopoietic and one to two other tissues; 28 clusters included genes preferentially expressed in various nonhematopoietic tissues such as neuronal, testis, liver, kidney, muscle, lung, pancreas, and placenta. Analysis of the expression levels of these two groups of genes in the human cancer cell lines and leukemias identified genes that were highly expressed in cancer cells but not in their normal counterparts and, thus, were overexpressed in the cancers. The different cancer cell lines and leukemias varied in the number and identity of these overexpressed genes. The results indicate that many genes that are overexpressed in human cancer cells are specific to a variety of normal tissues, including normal tissues other than those from which the cancer originated. It is suggested that this general property of cancer cells plays a major role in determining the behavior of the cancers, including their metastatic potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The plasma kinetics of mitoxantrone (MX), a new cytostatic anthracenedione, were investigated with HPLC in five leukemic patients suffering from acute myeloid leukemia, at the dose of 24 mg m infused over 30 min at constant rate. The decay of the plasma concentrations was best fitted to a three compartment model with average elimination half-lives of respectively 4.1 min (α-phase), 19.8 min (β-phase) and 8.9 h (γ-phase), a mean distribution volume of 317 l m and an average total body clearance of 0.37 l min m. The cumulative urinary recovery of unchanged MX was 7.5% of the administered dose in 4 days, with the highest elimination during the first day. No MX urinary metabolites or conjugates have been detected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We demonstrated that γδ T cells of patients given HLA-haploidentical HSCT after removal of αβ+T cells and CD19+B cells are endowed with the capacity of killing leukemia cells afterex vivotreatment with zoledronic acid (ZOL). Thus, we tested the hypothesis that infusion of ZOL in patients receiving this type of graft may enhance γδ T-cell cytotoxic activity against leukemia cells. ZOL was infused every 28 d in 43 patients; most were treated at least twice. γδ T cells before and after ZOL treatments were studied in 33 of these 43 patients, till at least 7 mo after HSCT by high-resolution mass spectrometry, flow-cytometry, and degranulation assay. An induction of Vδ2-cell differentiation, paralleled by increased cytotoxicity of both Vδ1 and Vδ2 cells against primary leukemia blasts was associated with ZOL treatment. Cytotoxic activity was further increased in Vδ2 cells, but not in Vδ1 lymphocytes in those patients given more than one treatment. Proteomic analysis of γδ T cells purified from patients showed upregulation of proteins involved in activation processes and immune response, paralleled by downregulation of proteins involved in proliferation. Moreover, a proteomic signature was identified for each ZOL treatment. Patients given three or more ZOL infusions had a better probability of survival in comparison to those given one or two treatments (86% vs. 54%, respectively,p= 0.008). Our data indicate that ZOL infusion in pediatric recipients of αβ T- and B-cell-depleted HLA-haploidentical HSCT promotes γδ T-cell differentiation and cytotoxicity and may influence the outcome of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We demonstrated that γδ T cells of patients given HLA-haploidentical HSCT after removal of αβ + T cells and CD19 + B cells are endowed with the capacity of killing leukemia cells after ex vivo treatment with zoledronic acid (ZOL). Thus, we tested the hypothesis that infusion of ZOL in patients receiving this type of graft may enhance γδ T-cell cytotoxic activity against leukemia cells. ZOL was infused every 28 d in 43 patients; most were treated at least twice. γδ T cells before and after ZOL treatments were studied in 33 of these 43 patients, till at least 7 mo after HSCT by high-resolution mass spectrometry, flow-cytometry, and degranulation assay. An induction of Vδ2-cell differentiation, paralleled by increased cytotoxicity of both Vδ1 and Vδ2 cells against primary leukemia blasts was associated with ZOL treatment. Cytotoxic activity was further increased in Vδ2 cells, but not in Vδ1 lymphocytes in those patients given more than one treatment. Proteomic analysis of γδ T cells purified from patients showed upregulation of proteins involved in activation processes and immune response, paralleled by downregulation of proteins involved in proliferation. Moreover, a proteomic signature was identified for each ZOL treatment. Patients given three or more ZOL infusions had a better probability of survival in comparison to those given one or two treatments (86% vs. 54%, respectively, p = 0.008). Our data indicate that ZOL infusion in pediatric recipients of αβ T- and B-cell-depleted HLA-haploidentical HSCT promotes γδ T-cell differentiation and cytotoxicity and may influence the outcome of patients.