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Some scalar double‐well problems eventually lead to a degenerate convex minimization problem with unique stress. We consider the adaptive conforming and nonconforming finite element methods for the scalar double‐well problem with the reliable a posteriori error analysis. A number of experiments confirm the effective decay rates of the methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conventional design approaches for achieving perfect absorption of electromagnetic (EM) waves using metasurface absorbers (MSAs) are limited to absorbing waves in one direction while reflecting waves in the other. In this study, a novel ultrathin narrowband MSA with bidirectional perfect absorption properties has been proposed, based on a tri-layer metal square-circular-square patch (SCSP) structure. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed MSA exhibits a remarkable absorbance of 98.1%, which is consistent with the experimental and theoretical calculations. The equivalent constitutive parameters that were retrieved, as well as the simulated surface current and the power loss density distributions, reveal that the perfect absorption of the designed MSA originates from the fundamental dipolar resonance. Furthermore, the proposed MSA demonstrates stable wide-angle absorption properties for both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) waves under various oblique incidence angles. The absorption characteristics of the MSA can be fine-tuned by adjusting the structural parameters. Additionally, the proposed MSA boasts excellent ultrathin thickness, bidirectional, polarization-insensitive, and wide-angle properties, making it highly suitable for a range of potential applications such as imaging, detection, and sensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unmanned equipment, such as unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs) and unmanned surface vehicles (USVs), are widely used in marine science for underwater observation, rescue, military purposes, etc. However, current vehicles are not applicable in complex cross-domain scenarios, because they can only perform well in either surface navigation or underwater diving. This paper deals with the design and fabrication of a cross-domain vehicle (CDV) with four hydrofoils that can both navigate at high speed on the surface, like a USV and dive silently underwater, like a UUV. The CDV's propulsion is provided by a water jet propeller and its dive is achieved by a vertical propeller. The effect of hydrofoils and the performance of the CDV were tested and characterized in experiments, which showed that the hydrofoils improved the stability and surface sailing speed of the CDV. The maximum speed of the CDV was up to 14 kn, which is the highest of its kind according to current knowledge. This work confirmed the feasibility of high-performance CDVs and provided useful information for further improvements to the design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The delivery of biomolecules by tumor cell‐secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) is linked to the development of glioma. Here, the present study was implemented to explore the functional significance of hypoxic glioma cell‐derived EVs carrying microRNA‐10b‐5 (miR‐10b‐5p) on glioma with the involvement of polarization of M2 macrophages. Methods: EVs were isolated from hypoxia‐stimulated glioma cells, and their role in polarization of M2 macrophages was studied by co‐culturing with macrophages. miR‐10b‐5p expression in glioma tissues, glioma‐derived EVs, and macrophages co‐cultured with EVs was characterized. Interaction among miR‐10b‐5p, NEDD4L, and PIK3CA was analyzed. The macrophages or glioma cells were transfected with overexpressing plasmid or shRNA to study the effects of miR‐10b‐5p/NEDD4L/PIK3CA on M2 macrophage polarization, and glioma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro and in vivo. Results: Promotive role of hypoxia‐stimulated glioma‐derived EVs in macrophage M2 polarization was confirmed. Elevation of miR‐10b‐5p occurred in glioma tissues, glioma‐derived EVs and macrophages co‐cultured with EVs, and stimulated M2 polarization of macrophages. NEDD4L was a target gene of miR‐10b‐5p. Overexpression of NEDD4L could inhibit PI3K/AKT pathway through increase in ubiquitination and degradation of PIK3CA. Hypoxic glioma‐derived EVs harboring upregulated miR‐10b‐5p triggered an M2 phenotype in macrophages as well as enhanced aggressive tumor biology of glioma cells via inhibition of PIK3CA/PI3K/AKT pathway by targeting NEDD4L. Conclusions: In summary, miR‐10b‐5p delivered by hypoxic glioma‐derived EVs accelerated macrophages M2 polarization to promote the progression of glioma via NEDD4L/PIK3CA/PI3K/AKT axis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of bistable electrochromic materials is a promising way to reduce the energy consumption of displays. However, bistable devices with ideal implementation schemes and electrochromic performance still remain challenging due to the inherent limitations of existing electrochromic materials. Herein, a theory of "hydroxyl‐acids" assisted improvement of electrochromic rate and bistability of fluorane dyes is proposed and applied to solid‐state electrochromic devices. 80% hydroxypropyl acrylate‐20% methyl methacrylate copolymer‐based electrochromic film prepared by the theory of "hydroxyl‐acids" has a higher electrochromic rate (4.1 times) and bistability (5.4 times) than traditional PMMA‐based electrochromic films in the device. In addition, the optimum device is obtained by optimizing each layer component content of the device. The novel electrochromic device has good overall performance, including coloring time (7.5 s), transmittance change (>70%), coloration efficiency (872 cm2 C‐1), bistability (50 h), and reversibility (1,000 cycles). The theory of "hydroxyl‐acids" is suitable for a variety of fluorane dyes, and polychromatic bistable electrochromic windows are developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ground radar interferometry technology, as a new tool for active remote sensing, has been widely used in the detection of a variety of targets, including landslides, bridges, mines, and dams. This technique usually employs a continuous observation mode with no space baseline. The detection accuracy is mainly affected by meteorological disturbances and noise in the observation environment. In a complex observation environment, meteorological disturbances can lead to phase errors of 10 mm or more, and the effects are different in the range and azimuth directions; this can seriously affect the accuracy of the measurement. In this paper, we analyze the spatial distribution of the phase of meteorological disturbances based on radar monitoring experiments in a complex environment, and propose a correction method that reduces the atmospheric disturbance phase to less than 0.6 mm and effectively improves radar observation accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) in the treatment of acute (<3 months [mo]. duration) macular edema (ME), with or without subretinal hemorrhage (SRH), resulting from branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). Materials and methods: We conducted a retrospective review of 33 consecutive patients ( n = 33 eyes) with ME caused by acute BRVO. All patients received an injection of IVB at baseline examination. All patients were followed monthly, with administration of additional IVB injections if there was persistent or recurrent ME. Specific patterns of ME were investigated using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Results: SD-OCT revealed serous retinal detachments in the fovea of 15 eyes, 10 of which had accompanying foveal SRH. Based on initial detection of foveal SRH, patients were divided into SRH-negative ( n = 23 eyes) or SRH-positive ( n = 10 eyes) groups. Initial best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) did not differ between the two groups. In the SRH-negative group, both BCVA and central macular thickness (CMT) improved significantly after IVB injections (mean, 2.3 injections) at the 6-mo. follow-up examination. In the SRH-positive group, there was no significant improvement in BCVA after IVB injections (mean, 2.0 injections), although there was a significant decrease in CMT. The final BCVA of the SRH-positive group was significantly poorer than that of the SRH-negative group ( p = 0.001). Conclusion: The presence of foveal SRH may be a negative predictor of IVB treatment outcomes for BRVO patients with ME. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To identiy the disease causing mutation in a Chinese family presenting with early-onset cataract and dental anomalies. Materials and Methods: A specific Hereditary Eye Disease Enrichment Panel (HEDEP) (personalized customization by MyGenostics, Baltimore, MD) based on targeted exome capture technology was used to collect the protein coding regions of 30 early-onset cataract associated genes, and high throughput sequencing was done with Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform. The identified variant was confirmed with Sanger sequencing. Results: A novel deletion in exon 4 (c.852delG) of NHS gene was identified; the identified 1 bp deletion altered the reading frame and was predicted to result in a premature stop codon after the addition of twelve novel amino acid (p.S285PfsX13). This mutation co-segregated in affected males and obligate female carriers, but was absent in 100 matched controls. Conclusions: Our findings broaden the spectrum of NHS mutations causing Nance-Horan syndrome and phenotypic spectrum of the disease in Chinese patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drought stress is one of the important abiotic stresses that restrict the growth of plants. Plants acclimatize themselves to the stress by reprogramming their metabolic pathways. Therefore, understanding the metabolic mechanisms of plants is of great importance to meet the challenge of water shortage. Licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.) is a commonly used herb that is widely distributed around the world. Nevertheless, the variation of integrated metabolites in licorice under drought stress are still unclear. In this study, the non-targeted metabolomic technology was applied for the first time to comparatively investigate the metabolites changes under different degree of drought stress (slight, moderate, and intense) of two morphologically distinct genotypes of licorice from Gansu (G1) and Xinjiang (G2) provinces. Under the drought conditions, the length and dry weight of the roots of licorice were affected. Different degrees of drought caused antioxidant enzyme activities in both of the two genotypes to increase first and then decrease, and the increase in the G1 genotype was greater than that of the G2 genotype. The amino acid metabolism, flavonoid metabolism and other metabolic pathways were disrupted by drought stress. Additionally, a higher amount of amino acids such as tryptophan and tyrosine was observed in the root of the G2 genotype, and the increase of phospholipid content in the G2 genotype depended on the deepening of drought stress. Slight or moderate drought stress was beneficial to the accumulation of flavonoids. The glycosylation modification of flavonoids and accumulation patterns of jasmonic acid and abscisic acid had differences between genotypes. Collectively, this study provided new insights into the potential biochemical pathways of licorice or other legumes in response to drought and a fundamental framework to improvement the medicinal value of licorice. • Non-targeted metabolomic technology was used to determine the metabolites in the roots of licorice under drought stress. • The increase of phospholipid content depended on the deepening of drought stress. • The difference of glycosylation-modified flavonoids between two genotypes was higher than that among drought conditions. • This study is helpful for screening drought-resistant varieties and improving the quality of licorice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Continuous cropping obstacles often lead to a decline in the quality and yield of traditional Chinese medicine plants. Crop rotation effectively alleviates the obstacles of continuous cropping. However, there are few studies on the rotation of traditional Chinese medicine crops. Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao (A. mongholicus) is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine. The present study investigates the growth of A. mongholicus and its associated soil microbiome and physicochemical properties under different crop rotation regimes in a field and pot experiment. The 16S rRNA gene high throughput sequencing was used to compare the composition and diversity of rhizosphere, bulk soil and endosphere bacterial communities of A. mongholicus after 5 years of crop rotation. Crop rotation with Avena sativa L, significantly increased the growth of A. mongholicus and elevated soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and available potassium contents. Crop rotation increased the bacterial community diversity in the rhizosphere of A. mongholicus and abundance of some beneficial bacteria, such as Clostridia , Rubrobacterales and Micromonosporales. The composition of the rhizosphere bacterial community differed between sampling times and depending on crop rotation. Briefly, crop rotation with Avena sativa L was beneficial to soil quality and A. mongholicus growth, and it is a good option to alleviate A. mongholicus continuous cropping obstacles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A response from Bingzhen Li and colleagues to a letter to the editor about their article "Bevacizumab Treatment for Acute Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion Accompanied by Subretinal Hemorrhage" in a 2014 issue is presented.

Soil microbial diversity plays key roles in plant nutrient acquisition and resilience. In recent years, interactions between plants and their associated microorganisms in soil have decreased due to the large-scale use of chemical fertilizers. Silage maize is one of the main silage feeds with high yield and rich nutrition. However, there is a lack of knowledge on how nitrogen application affects the soil (rhizosphere and bulk soil) and endosphere microbial communities of silage maize. In this study, the effects of nitrogen application rates on bacterial and fungal communities in the bulk soil, rhizosphere, and endophytic environment of silage maize were assessed. Our results showed that microbiome assembly along the soil-root continuum is shaped predominantly by spatial structures rather than by fertilization practice. From bulk soil to endophytic environment, the effects of nitrogen application on microbial communities decreased, and bacterial diversity and network coefficient consequently reduced. Moreover, nitrogen fertilization rates significantly affected fungal alpha diversity in bulk soil and endophytic environment, and nitrogen fertilization had greater impact on fungal community composition than bacterial in different sample types. The biomarkers of fungi sensitive to nitrogen treatment accounted for 25.5%, 11.4%, and 6.9% of all the taxonomic groups, respectively. The non-random collinearity analysis showed that Mortierellaceae , Sporormiaceae , and Geminibasidiaceae were the dominant fungal residing groups in bulk soil, rhizosphere, and endophytic environment, respectively. Therefore, the fungal community can be considered as an important indicator for silage maize in response to nitrogen application. In the N240 (240 kg N ha - 1) treatment, there was a more precise relationship between bacterial and fungal communities; however, this relationship weakened under higher nitrogen rates, and an increase in the nitrogen application rate weakened the interaction of the fungal community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage, the most common prevalent of spontaneous cerebral hemorrhage, poses a significant threat to patient mortality and morbidity, while therapeutic options remain limited, making the disease a burden not only for patients' families but also a major challenge for national healthcare systems. The elevation of intracranial pressure subsequent to hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage is a critical contributor to mortality. However, it often manifests before the onset of clinical symptoms, which are typically atypical, leading to delayed treatment and irreversible consequences for the patient. Hence, early detection of intracranial pressure variations can aid in timely, efficient, and precise treatment, reducing patient mortality. Invasive intracranial pressure monitoring enables real-time, accurate monitoring of intracranial pressure changes, providing clinicians with therapeutic guidance and overcoming the limitations of empirical treatment. This article aims to review the use of invasive intracranial pressure monitoring in postoperative hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage and hopes to contribute to clinical and scientific research., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Chen, Zhang, Li, Zhang, Ran and Qi.)

In recent years, electromagnetic pollution has become more and more serious, resulting in a very negative impact on people's health. Therefore, it is important to develop efficient microwave absorbers to reduce electromagnetic pollution. Here, we construct a novel absorbing material of the polymer gel-derived porous carbon decorated by rare earth compounds (Ce (CO 3 ) OH). When the thickness is 2.2 mm, the composite exhibits excellent microwave absorption performance with the optimal RL min value and EAB reached up to -47.67 dB and 5.52 GHz, respectively, covering the Ku band. The high-efficiency microwave absorption is mainly attributed to the synergistic effect of dipole polarization, defect polarization and interfacial polarization. This work not only provides a new view for designing superior absorber materials, but also lay a foundation for their real applications., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Wang, Chen, Wei, Li, Li, Li, Wu and Zhao.)