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The impact of self-regulated learning (SRL) on students' performance in various subjects has been extensively studied. However, there has been limited research on how task-specific SRL skills and self-reported SRL skills affect students' learning outcomes in chemistry classes at senior secondary schools. To address this gap, we examined the task-specific SRL skills, self-reported SRL skills, and learning outcomes of a group of Grade 10 students (n = 170) studying the topic: Changes of Charged Electrolyte Solutions. Data was collected through a self-report SRL skills survey, a task-specific SRL skills survey, and an achievement test, and a path analysis was conducted to explore the relationship and effects between SRL skills and learning outcomes. Our findings revealed a direct relationship between students' task-specific SRL skills and their chemistry achievement. The clustering analysis showed that a significant number of students had SRL skills at the middle level in chemistry learning. Additionally, students with different SRL levels performed differently at specific SRL phases and strategies. These findings have important implications for teaching strategies aimed at promoting students' SRL and for the assessment of SRL in science education.

In the global context of rural development in developing countries, the integration of digital technology into agriculture has emerged as a pivotal strategy for modernizing rural areas and boosting agricultural productivity. A focal point of policy initiatives, digital village construction aims to harness digital technology to empower rural development. Despite widespread recognition of its potential benefits for agricultural development, empirical evidence on its specific impacts, particularly on farmland scale operation, remains scarce. This study investigates the relationship between digital village construction and farmland scale operation in China, leveraging data from Sichuan Province's rural revitalization strategy and Peking University's Digital Village Index. Our analysis reveals a significant enhancement in farmland scale operation, particularly in non-poverty and non-border villages, after addressing potential endogeneity in the estimation. Mechanism analysis demonstrates that digital village construction drives scaled operation and management through improved agricultural production efficiency, the establishment of agricultural industry systems, and the advancement of agricultural engineering projects. However, its impact varies across village types, underscoring potential disparities in rural development. These findings suggest that continued investment in digital village construction is essential to stimulate rural development, focusing on leveraging digital technologies to enhance agricultural productivity and providing targeted support for remote and underserved rural areas to bridge the digital gap and foster inclusive growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intense work pressure and unhealthy lifestyles significantly threaten urban public health. Urban designs have quickly developed, such as the introduction of green space (GS), which has been suggested to improve public health. Prior epidemiological studies have investigated GS and mortality and have generally found potential benefits. However, these studies were primarily conducted in developed Western countries and the potential effects of GS on mortality in developing Asian countries are poorly understood. In this study, our goal was to investigate the effect of GS landscape attributes and socioeconomic conditions on all-cause mortality in 41 cities in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration. Nine GS variables and seven socioeconomic variables were collected. An optimal general linear model with the selected variables was established using LASSO regression to explore the direction and relative importance of GSs and socioeconomic conditions for urban public health. The results showed that (1) socioeconomic conditions and GS jointly affect all-cause mortality, (2) people with greater personal wealth suffered less health risk, and (3) regularly shaped and highly connected GSs decreased the risk to public health. These findings suggest that reasonable GS policies and planning strategies are effective approaches for improving public health in Chinese cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transferring desired genes from wild species to cultivars through alien addition lines (AALs) has been shown to be an effective method for genetic improvement. Cucumis hystrix Chakr. (HH, 2n = 24) is a wild species of Cucumis that possesses many resistant genes. A synthetic allotetraploid species, C. hytivus (HHCC, 2n = 38), was obtained from the cross between cultivated cucumber, C. sativus (CC, 2n = 14), and C. hystrix followed by chromosome doubling. Cucumis sativus - C. hystrix AALs were developed by continuous backcrossing to the cultivated cucumbers. In this study, 10 different types of AALs (CC-H01, CC-H06, CC-H08, CC-H10, CC-H12, CC-H06+H09, CC-H06+H10, CC-H06+H12, CC-H08+H10, CC-H01+H06+H10) were identified based on the analysis of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and molecular markers specific to C. hystrix chromosomes. And the behavior of the alien chromosomes in three AALs (CC-H01, CC-H06+H10, CC-H01+H06+H10) at meiosis was investigated. The results showed that alien chromosomes paired with C. sativus chromosome in few pollen mother cells (PMCs). Further, disomic alien addition lines (DAALs) carrying a pair of C. hystrix chromosome H10 were screened from the selfed progenies of CC-H10. Chromosome pairing between genomes provides cytological evidence for the possible introgression of alien chromosome segments. The development of AALs could serve as a key step for exploiting and utilizing valuable genes from C. hystrix. Keywords: Cucumis hystrix Chakr., alien addition lines, FISH, molecular markers, chromosome pairing. Le transfert de genes d'interet d'une espece sauvage a des cultivars via des lignees d'addition (AAL) s'est averee une voie efficace en amelioration genetique. Le Cucumis hystrix Chakr. (HH, 2n = 24) est une espece sauvage de Cucumis et possede plusieurs genes de resistance. Un allotetraploide synthetique, C. hytivus (HHCC, 2n = 38), a ete obtenu en croisant le concombre cultive C. sativus (CC, 2n = 14) avec le C. hystrix et en doublant les chromosomes. Les lignees AAL C. sativus - C. hystrix ont ete developpees au terme de retrocroisements repetes avec le concombre cultive. Dans ce travail, 10 types d'AAL (CC-H01, CC-H06, CC-H08, CC-H10, CC-H12, CC-H06+H09, CC-H06+H10, CC-H06+H12, CC-H08+H10, CC-H01+H06-H10) ont ete identifiees au moyen de l'hybridation in situ en fluorescence (FISH) et de marqueurs moleculaires specifiques des chromosomes du C. hystrix. Le comportement a la meiose des chromosomes etrangers dans trois lignees AAL (CC-H01, CC-H06+H10, CC-H01+H06+H10) a ete examine. Les resultats ont montre que les chromosomes etrangers s'appariaient avec des chromosomes du C. sativus dans certains androsporocytes. De plus, des lignees d'addition disomiques (DAAL) portant une paire de chromosomes H10 du C. hystrix ont ete identifiees au sein des progenitures issues de l'auto-fecondation des lignees CC-H10. L'appariement chromosomique entre genomes fournit des evidences cytologiques de la possible introgression de segments chromosomiques etrangers. Le developpement de lignees AAL pourrait servir d'etape cle pour exploiter et utiliser des genes utiles en provenance du C. hystrix. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : Cucumis hystrix Chakr., lignees d'addition, FISH, marqueurs moleculaires, appariement des chromosomes., Introduction The genus Cucumis contains more than 50 species distributed mainly in Asia, Africa, and Australia, including two cultivated species: cucumber (Cucumis sativus L., CC, 2n = 2x = 14) [...]

Manganese (Mn) oxides are promising cathode materials for rechargeable aqueous Zn‐ion batteries. However, the Mn dissolution in weakly acidic electrolytes always hinders the development of better aqueous Zn–Mn batteries. Herein, a hydroxylated manganese oxide cathode material (H‐MnO2) is fabricated using an electrochemical method for stable aqueous Zn–Mn batteries without relying on the Mn2+ electrolyte additives. The partial hydroxylation of the oxides leads to charge redistribution of the material, changing the reaction thermodynamics and kinetics. Theoretical simulation suggests that the hydroxylation of manganese oxide promotes both Zn2+ adsorption thermodynamics and diffusion kinetics on the surface of H‐MnO2 but weakens the interaction between H+ and the electrode. Therefore, Zn2+ ions can be more reactive with the hydroxylated manganese oxide than H+ ions. Experimental results show that the Zn2+ insertion mechanism dominates the charge storage process of H‐MnO2, and the H+‐induced Mn dissolution reaction is effectively alleviated. Importantly, H‐MnO2 exhibits good cycling stability with 95% capacity retention over 5000 cycles at the current density of 3.8 A g−1 in the ZnSO4 electrolyte, outperforming the state‐of‐the‐art aqueous Zn–Mn batteries, even those with Mn2+ electrolyte additives. The findings provide new insights for designing stable manganese oxide cathodes in aqueous Zn–Mn batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to develop food or tobacco usable flavour precursors, compounds 2‐hydroxypropyl benzoate (3a), propane‐1,2‐diyl dibenzoate (4a), 2‐hydroxypropyl cinnamate (3b) and propane‐1,2‐diyl (2E,2′ E)‐bis(3‐hydroxypropyl cinnamate) (4b) were synthesized by transesterification propanediol with vinyl benzoate and vinyl cinnamate under the biological enzyme Novozym435. The structures of the propanediol esters were characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR, 13C NMR), infrared spectroscopy (IR) and high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). The hygroscopicity and moisture retention capacity of reconstituted tobacco shreds with the synthesized propanediol were explored by 100 h hygroscopic desorption assay, model validation and low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (LF‐NMR). The results showed that the bound water content of 3a and 3b was lower than that of propanediol and higher than that of the control under both low (RH = 32%) and high (RH = 84%) humidity conditions. In addition, pyrolysis‐gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py‐GC/MS) technique was applied to investigate the thermal behaviour of 3a and 3b. Four and five pyrolysis products were formed by pyrolysis of 3a and 3b, respectively. The main pyrolysis products benzoic acid and cinnamic acid could be used as flavouring agents in food and tobacco. 3a and 3b had good moisture and humidity retention effects as well as uniform and sustained flavour release. The results of the study not only effectively improve the water absorbency of reconstituted tobacco and enhance the flavour, which is suitable for the storage and smoking process, but also provide a reference for the further development of new flavour moisturizers in the tobacco industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]