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A wide range of climatic, geologic and archeological records can be characterized by measuring their 14C and 10Be concentrations, using the accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). These records are found not only in the traditional sampling sites such as lake sediments and ice cores, but also in diverse natural accumulates and biogeochemical products such as: loess/paleosol deposits, corals, speleothems, forest-fire horizons and weathered meteorites. The in-situ production of cosmogenic radionuclides in terrestrial materials provides several possibilities of determining their chronology. The purpose of this review is to highlight selected applications of AMS, which have bearing to our understanding of both chronology of archival materials, and learning about climatic changes in the past. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Objective: While adjuvant treatment regimens have been modified for older patients with glioblastoma (GBM), surgical strategies have not been tailored., Methods: Clinical data of 48 consecutive patients aged 70 years or older, who underwent surgical resection for GBM with intraoperative ultrasonography (IoUS) alone or combination with intraoperative MRI (IoMRI) at Yale New Haven Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Variables were analyzed, and comparative analyses were performed., Results: The addition of IoMRI was not superior to IoUS alone in terms of overall survival (OS) (P = 0.306), Karnofsky Performance Score (KPS) at postoperative 6 weeks (P = 0.704) or extent of resection (P = 0.263). Length of surgery (LOSx), however, was significantly longer (P = 0.0002) in the IoMRI group. LOSx (P = 0.015) and hospital stay (P = 0.025) were predictors of postoperative complications. Increased EOR (GTR or NTR) (P = 0.030), postoperative adjuvant treatment (P < 0.0001) and postoperative complications (P = 0.006) were predictive for OS. Patients with relatively lower preoperative KPS scores (<70) showed significant improvement at postoperative 6 weeks (P<0.0001). Patients with complications (P = 0.038) were more likely to have lower KPS at postoperative 6 weeks., Conclusions: Aggressive management with surgical resection should be considered in older patients with GBM, even those with relatively poor KPS. The use of ioMRI in this population does not appear to confer any measurable benefit over ioUS in experienced hands, but prolongs the length of surgery significantly, which is a preventable prognostic factor for impeding care., (© 2021. The Author(s).)

Arctic temperatures are increasing faster than the Northern Hemisphere average due to strong positive feedbacks unique to polar regions. However, the degree to which recent Arctic warming is unprecedented remains debated. Ages of entombed plants in growth position preserved by now receding ice caps in Arctic Canada help to address this issue by placing recent conditions in a multi-millennial context. Here we show that pre-Holocene radiocarbon dates on plants collected at the margins of 30 ice caps in Arctic Canada suggest those locations were continuously ice covered for > 40 kyr, but are now ice-free. We use in situ 14 C inventories in rocks from nine locations to explore the possibility of brief exposure during the warm early Holocene. Modeling the evolution of in situ 14 C confirms that Holocene exposure is unlikely at all but one of the sites. Viewed in the context of temperature records from Greenland ice cores, our results suggest that summer warmth of the past century exceeds now any century in ~115,000 years.

This article describes two studies based on an integration of theory and research in object relations and developmental social cognition. The following four dimensions were assessed in 2nd and 5th graders and in 9th and 12th graders using Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) responses and Ss' descriptions of meaningful interpersonal episodes: complexity of representations of people, affect-tone of relationship paradigms, capacity for emotional investment in relationships and moral standards, and understanding of social causality. In both studies, developmental differences emerged on all measures except affect-tone, as expected. Results document object-relational development beyond the preoedipal years and suggest the diagnostic importance of distinguishing multiple dimensions of object relations rather than considering object relations as a single or unitary developmental line.

This paper presents the authors' experience with evaluation and treatment of battered women and assesses the implications of the work. Assuming that battered women have special problems requiring modifications of psychiatric treatment methods currently available, we chose to work with them in a consciousness-raising, problem-oriented group designed to address those special problems. Assessment includes a description of changes in the women and modifications in the treatment during the course of therapy, an indication of persistent problems in the treatment of battered women, particularly the high drop-out rate, and suggestions for further treatment modifications that might help therapists to avoid the common pitfalls of work with these patients.