Search

The temporomandibular joint is the only joint structure within the craniofacial skeletal system, responsible for performing functions related to opening and closing mouth movements, such as chewing, speaking, and facial expression in daily life. The condyle of the mandible, as a vital component of the temporomandibular joint, originates from the mandibular process formed by the first gill arch and is the key growth center at the end of the mandibular ramus. Condyle is composed of a layer of cartilage as its surface and subchondral bone below, exhibiting unique biological processes during its growth and development. In the articular fossa, the functional movement of the condyle depends on its normal physiological and anatomical structure, which plays a crucial role in establishing occlusion and shaping facial features. Abnormal growth and development can lead to the occurrence of condylar deformities, which affect the vertical height of the patient's maxillofacial region and ultimately lead to secondary skeletal class Ⅱ or Ⅲ craniofacial deformities. During the process of growth and development, the condyle is subject to complex signal regulation. In recent years, with in-depth research on the temporomandibular joint, researchers have begun to discuss the regulatory mechanisms of condyle growth and development from the perspectives of gene expression and molecular level, in order to explain the causes of temporomandibular joint diseases and condylar deformities. This article provides a review on the growth process and structure of condyle, classification and pathological manifestations of condylar deformities, and related regulatory mechanisms of the growth and development of condyle, as well as pathogenesis of condylar deformities. The aim of this article is to provide research ideas for temporomandibular joint diseases and craniofacial malformations caused by abnormal development of the mandibular condyle in clinical practice.

Extreme wildfires threaten human lives, air quality, and ecosystems. Meteorology plays a vital role in wildfire behaviors, and the links between wildfires and climate have been widely studied. However, it is not fully clear how fire-weather feedback affects short-term wildfire variability, which undermines our ability to mitigate fire disasters. Here, we show the primacy of synoptic-scale feedback in driving extreme fires in Mediterranean and monsoon climate regimes in the West Coast of the United States and Southeastern Asia. We found that radiative effects of smoke aerosols can modify near-surface wind, air dryness, and rainfall and thus worsen air pollution by enhancing fire emissions and weakening dispersion. The intricate interactions among wildfires, smoke, and weather form a positive feedback loop that substantially increases air pollution exposure.

Oriented object detection in remote sensing images is a current research hotspot. Due to the varying heights and equipment used in capturing remote sensing images, the ground sampling distance (GSD) of each image also varies, causing many small objects to be easily overlooked. Existing rotated object detection algorithms are mainly aimed at multi-scale object detection in general scenarios. The feature pyramid network (FPN) has complex and time-consuming fusion computations, which still faces great challenges when deployed on edge devices like UAVs. Therefore, this paper proposes a lightweight method for small object detection in UAVs based on L-FPN. First, normalize the scale according to the GSD information of the image. Second, remove redundant high-level feature maps in the FPN. Finally, adjust the anchor box sizes for small object detection. The method is trained and validated on the DOTA dataset.Results show that compared to the traditional models, the proposed L-FPN-based lightweight method for small object detection in UAVs achieves consistent recognition accuracy, with 2.7% fewer model parameters, 28% smaller model size, and 13.24% faster inference speed.

As an effective means of structural vibration suppression, piezoelectric actuator vibration suppression system(PAVSS) has been gradually applied in structural vibration control. However, the performance degradation or failure of piezoelectric actuator under long service life will lead to the degradation of service reliability of PAVSS, so the scheme obtained by deterministic optimization method is difficult to ensure the service reliability. Aiming at the reliability evaluation and optimal design of PAVSS in service, the failure mechanism considering of the performance degradation or failure of piezoelectric actuator is analyzed, and the reliability evaluation method based on nested sampling and weighted statistics is constructed, which solves the reliability evaluation problem of PAVSS with the characteristics of load-sharing and redundancy. A reliability-based optimization method based on master-slave parallel genetic algorithm is proposed to optimize the position and angle of the actuators. At last, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method are proved by an example, which not only provides a theoretical basis for the high reliability design of PAVSS in service, but also provides a new solution for the engineering problem of structural vibration control.

[Purpose/Significance] There is no shortage of discussions in the library industry on how the value of academic libraries can be reflected by affecting students' learning outcome. There are also excellent cases such as the "Value of Academic Libraries' Initiative", which have a great impact on the theoretical and practical research in the field, and have initially formed a research system. Due to the differences in the higher education systems of different countries and the focus of higher education talent cultivation goals in different eras, it is necessary to consider the actual situation and based on the construction background of "double first-class" university construction to explore the paths and countermeasures that are in line with the development strategy of higher education in the new era of Chinese academic libraries. Scientific measurement and evaluation of academic library services from the student-oriented perspective is an important way to clarify the key path of library value enhancement, which is helpful for libraries to optimize their services, improve their development framework and enhance their own value. [Process/Method] In view of the above background and related research deficiencies, this research focuses on how academic libraries can improve their own value in the new era to better serve the strategic development of universities, and become the core of value for various stakeholders to discuss. Meanwhile, the methods used in related research lack the in-depth analysis of the process of library influence. In order to systematically sort out the internal logic of library impact on students' learning outcome, it is essential to explore the role of process factors in it, and it is not enough to use only regression analysis to conduct data statistics. This study analyzed 985 questionnaires by using the structural equation model analysis method, built a student-oriented value impact model of academic libraries with "situation-effect-outcome" as the main line, and explored the key influencing factors. [Results/Conclusions] It is suggested that the academic libraries should enhance their value influence in the following four aspects: to strengthen the policy guidance to improve the service utilization rate of academic libraries, attach importance to the contribution and value of academic libraries in the construction of "double first-class" university service, study and build a service system that meets the needs of users, and strengthen the service support for "double first-class" university construction. In this study, the research area is set in the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences and the interviewees are set at the postgraduate education stage. Although it is representative to a certain extent, the sample scope is still limited. The applicability of the conclusions obtained from the empirical research needs to be further verified to improve the reliability of the conclusions. In the future, it is necessary to investigate the influence of more types of university libraries on students' academic performance and the influence of university libraries on students' academic performance at different stages of education. To verify whether school factors and the training level of students have an impact on the correlation between university libraries and students' academic performance, and whether the causal relationship between the cognition and evaluation of students promoted by university libraries and students' academic performance is applicable to all universities and students.