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Oenococcus oeni is an important microorganism in wine-making-related engineering, and it improves wine quality and stability through malolactic fermentation. Although the genomes of more than 200 O. oeni strains have been sequenced, only a few include completed genome maps. Here, the genome sequence of O. oeni SD-2a, isolated from Shandong, China, has been determined. It is a fully assembled genome sequence of this strain. The complete genome is 1,989,703 bp with a G+C content of 37.8% without a plasmid. The genome includes almost all the essential genes involved in central metabolic pathways and the stress genes reported in other O. oeni strains. Some natural competence-related genes, like comEA, comEC, comFA, comG operon, and comFC, suggest that O. oeni SD-2a may have natural transformation potential. A comparative genomics analysis revealed 730 gene clusters in O. oeni SD-2a homologous to those in four other lactic acid bacteria species (O. oeni PSU-1, O. oeni CRBO-11381, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum UNQLp11, and Pediococcus pentosaceus KCCM40703). A collinearity analysis showed poor collinearity between O. oeni SD-2a and

Reconstruction‐engineered electrocatalysts with enriched high active Ni species for urea oxidation reaction (UOR) have recently become promising candidates for energy conversion. However, to inhibit the over‐oxidation of urea brought by the high valence state of Ni, tremendous efforts are devoted to obtaining low‐value products of nitrogen gas to avoid toxic nitrite formation, undesirably causing inefficient utilization of the nitrogen cycle. Herein, we proposed a mediation engineering strategy to significantly boost high‐value nitrite formation to help close a loop for the employment of a nitrogen economy. Specifically, platinum‐loaded nickel phosphides (Pt‐Ni2P) catalysts exhibit a promising nitrite production rate (0.82 mol kWh−1 cm−2), high stability over 66 h of Zn‐urea‐air battery operation, and 135 h of co‐production of nitrite and hydrogen under 200 mA cm−2 in a zero‐gap membrane electrode assembly (MEA) system. The in situ spectroscopic characterizations and computational calculations demonstrated that the urea oxidation kinetics is facilitated by enriched dynamic Ni3+ active sites, thus augmenting the "cyanate" UOR pathway. The C−N cleavage was further verified as the rate‐determining step for nitrite generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies have shown that the microbiome of saline‐tolerant plants plays a significant role in promoting salt stress in non‐saline‐tolerant plants, but the microorganisms are still unclear. In the present study, the microbial diversity changes in Suaeda salsa (L.) Pall. in the Yellow River Delta region were investigated. In the bacterial community, the dominant bacteria in the rhizosphere soil of the low‐saline soil (YDL), moderate‐saline soil (YDM), and high‐saline soil (YDH) groups were Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Bacteroidota, and Actinobacteriota (at the phylum level), while Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the dominant fungi in the fungal community. At the family level, with the increase of salinity, the relative abundance of Rhodobacteraceae (bacterial community), Thermoascaceae, and Phaffomycetaceae (fungal community) gradually increased; and to the best of our knowledge, there are no reports on the relationship between Thermoascaceae and Phaffomycetaceae families with salt stress. At the genus level, Salinimicrobium (bacterial community) was the dominant bacterium in the rhizosphere soil of the YDL, YDM, and YDH groups, while with the increase of salinity, the relative abundance of Byssochlamys and Wickerhamomyces (fungal community) gradually increased, and to the best of our knowledge there are no reports on the relationship between Byssochlamys and salt stress. Salinity mainly affected the bacterial community abundance, but it had little effect on the fungi community abundance. The bacterial community of the YDH group was dominated by bacteria of unknown origin (52.76%), while bacteria of unknown origin accounted for 26.46% and 20.78% of the bacterial communities in the YDM and YDL groups, respectively. The fungi community of the YDH group was dominated by YDL group fungi (relative abundance of 44.44%), followed by YDM group fungi (29.42%) and fungi of unknown origin (26.14%). These results provide a better understanding of the rhizosphere microbial diversity of saline–alkali‐tolerant plants, laying a foundation for developing a saline–alkali‐tolerant plant microbiome. Studies have shown that the microbiome of saline‐tolerant plants plays a significant role in promoting salt stress in non‐saline‐tolerant plants, but the microorganisms and their mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, the Suaeda salsa (L.) Pall. in Yellow River Delta region was selected to study the changes of microbial diversity. These results can provide valuable information for understanding the rhizosphere microbial diversity of saline–alkali‐tolerant plants, and lay a foundation for developing saline–alkali‐tolerant plant microbiome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As global warming intensifies, the development of offshore wind farms is swiftly progressing, especially deep-water Floating Offshore Wind Turbines (FOWTs) capable of energy capture in deep-sea regions, which have emerged as a focal point of both academic and industrial interest. Although numerous researchers have conducted comprehensive and multifaceted studies on various components of wind turbines, less attention has been paid to the operational stage responses of FOWTs to wind, waves, and currents and the reliability of their structural components. This study primarily employs a theoretical analysis to establish mathematical models under a series of reasonable assumptions, examining the possibility of collisions between FOWT transport fleets and other vessels in the passage area during the towing process. Using the model, this paper takes the Wanning Floating Offshore Wind Farm (FOWF) project, which is scheduled to be deployed in the South China Sea, as its research object and calculates the probability of collisions between FOWTs and other vessels in three months from the pier near Wanning, Hainan, to a predetermined position 22 km away. The findings of the analysis indicate that the mathematical model developed in this study integrates the quantities and velocities of navigational vessels within the target maritime area as well as the speeds, routes, and schedules of the FOWT transport fleet. By employing statistical techniques and geometric calculations, the model can determine the frequency of collisions between various types of vessels and the FOWT transport fleet during the transportation period. This has substantial relevance for future risk assessments and disaster prevention and mitigation measures in the context of FOWT transportation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novacetimonas cocois WE7 (formally named Komagataeibacter cocois WE7) is a strain isolated from contaminated coconut milk, capable of producing bacterial cellulose (BC). We sequenced its genome to investigate why WE7 cannot synthesize BC from glucose efficiently. It contains about 3.5 Mb and six plasmid DNAs. N. cocois WE7 contains two bcs operons (bacterial cellulose operon, bcs I and bcs II); the absence of bcs III operons may lead to reduced BC production. From genome predictions, glucose, sucrose, fructose, maltose, and glycerol can be utilized to generate BC, with WE7 unable to metabolize carbohydrate carbon sources through the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP) pathway, but rather through the Hexose Monophosphate Pathway (HMP) and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) pathways. It has a complete gluconic acid production pathway, suggesting that BC yield might be very low when glucose, maltose, and trehalose are used as carbon sources. This study represents the first genome analysis of N. cocois. This information is crucial for understanding BC production and regulation mechanisms in N. cocois and lays a foundation for constructing engineered strains tailored for diverse BC application purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of low‐cost, robust and efficient non‐noble metal electrocatalysts is still a pursuit for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Herein, a self‐standing electrocatalyst, Ni2P/CoP nanosheet, was fabricated directly on three‐dimensional Ni foams by two facile steps, which illustrated both high activity and stability for HER in different electrolytes. Benefiting from the porous structures of nanosheets with large specific surface area and the hybrid Ni2P/CoP, the as‐prepared electrocatalyst presented remarkable HER with overpotentials of 65.2 and 87.8 mV to reach a current density of −10 mA cm−2 in neutral and alkaline media, respectively. Density function theory calculations revealed a lower activation energy of water dissociation and efficient HER steps of hybrid Ni2P/CoP nanosheets compared with mono CoP. The self‐standing electrocatalyst maintained excellent chemical stability. Additionally, the HER process in domestic wastewater was realized with more impressive performance by using Ni2P/CoP nanosheets compared with commercial Pt/C. Hydrogen was continuously generated for 20 h in mildly alkaline dishwashing wastewater. This work provides a feasible way to fabricate non‐noble metal and self‐standing hybrid bimetallic phosphides for HER in neutral and alkaline media, showing great potential for efficient hydrogen production by re‐utilizing wastewater resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen production from water electrolysis provides a green and sustainable route. Platinum (Pt)‐based materials have been regarded as efficient electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, the large‐scale commercialization of Pt‐based catalysts suffers from the high cost. Therefore, ultralow‐Pt‐loading electrocatalysts, which can reach the balance of low cost and high HER performance, have attracted much attention. In this review, representative promising synthetic strategies, including wet chemistry, annealing, electrochemistry, photochemistry, and atomic layer deposition are summarized. Further, the interaction between different electrocatalyst components (transition metals and their derivatives) and Pt is discussed. Notably, this interaction can effectively accelerate the kinetics of the HER, enhancing the catalytic activity. At last, current challenges and future perspectives are briefly discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrochemical synthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) via a two‐electron (2 e−) oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) process provides a promising alternative to replace the energy‐intensive anthraquinone process. Herein, we develop a facile template‐protected strategy to synthesize a highly active quinone‐rich porous carbon catalyst for H2O2 electrochemical production. The optimized PCC900 material exhibits remarkable activity and selectivity, of which the onset potential reaches 0.83 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode in 0.1 M KOH and the H2O2 selectivity is over 95 % in a wide potential range. Comprehensive synchrotron‐based near‐edge X‐ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy combined with electrocatalytic characterizations reveals the positive correlation between quinone content and 2 e− ORR performance. The effectiveness of chair‐form quinone groups as the most efficient active sites is highlighted by the molecule‐mimic strategy and theoretical analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A stable cathode–electrolyte interface (CEI) is crucial for aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs), but it is less investigated. Commercial binder poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) is widely used without scrutinizing its suitability and cathode‐electrolyte interface (CEI) in AZIBs. A water‐soluble binder is developed that facilitated the in situ formation of a CEI protecting layer tuning the interfacial morphology. By combining a polysaccharide sodium alginate (SA) with a hydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), the surface morphology, and charge storage kinetics can be confined from diffusion‐dominated to capacitance‐controlled processes. The underpinning mechanism investigates experimentally in both kinetic and thermodynamic perspectives demonstrate that the COO− from SA acts as an anionic polyelectrolyte facilitating the adsorption of Zn2+; meanwhile fluoride atoms on PTFE backbone provide hydrophobicity to break desolvation penalty. The hybrid binder is beneficial in providing a higher areal flux of Zn2+ at the CEI, where the Zn‐Birnessite MnO2 battery with the hybrid binder exhibits an average specific capacity 45.6% higher than that with conventional PVDF binders; moreover, a reduced interface activation energy attained fosters a superior rate capability and a capacity retention of 99.1% in 1000 cycles. The hybrid binder also reduces the cost compared to the PVDF/NMP, which is a universal strategy to modify interface morphology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Platinum (Pt) is regarded as a promising electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, its application in an alkaline medium is limited by the activation energy of water dissociation, diffusion of H+, and desorption of H*. Moreover, the formation of effective structures with a low Pt usage amount is still a challenge. Herein, guided by the simulation discovery that the edge effect can boost local electric field (LEF) of the electrocatalysts for faster proton diffusion, platinum nanocrystals on the edge of transition metal phosphide nanosheets are fabricated. The unique heterostructure with ultralow Pt amount delivered an outstanding HER performance in an alkaline medium with a small overpotential of 44.5 mV and excellent stability for 80 h at the current density of −10 mA cm−2. The mass activity of as‐prepared electrocatalyst is 2.77 A mg−1Pt, which is 15 times higher than that of commercial Pt/C electrocatalysts (0.18 A mg−1Pt). The density function theory calculation revealed the efficient water dissociation, fast adsorption, and desorption of protons with hybrid structure. The study provides an innovative strategy to design unique nanostructures for boosting HER performances via achieving both synergistic effects from hybrid components and enhanced LEF from the structural edge effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parthenium hysterophorus L., as an invasive plant, has negatively impacted the ecosystem functioning and stability of the terrestrial ecosystem in China. However, little information was available for its effects on microorganisms in the Yellow River Delta (YRD), the biggest newly-formed wetland in China. In the present study, high-throughput sequencing technology was used to obtain the bacterial community in soils and roots of different plant species, including P. hysterophorus and some native ones in the YRD. Our results showed that the Proteobacteria, Acidobacteriota, Gemmatimonadota, and Actinobacteriota were dominant in the rhizosphere soils of P. hysterophorus (84.2%) and Setaria viridis (86.47%), and the bulk soils (80.7%). The Proteobacteria and Actinobacteriota were dominant within the root of P. hysterophorus. A total of 2468 bacterial OTUs were obtained from different groups among which 140 were observed in all the groups; 1019 OTUs were shared by P. hysterophorus non-rhizosphere soil bacteria (YNR) P. hysterophorus rhizosphere soil bacteria (YRR) groups. The indexes of the ACE (823.1), Chao1 (823.19), Simpson (0.9971), and Shannon (9.068) were the highest in the YRR groups, showing the greatest bacterial community diversity. Random forest analysis showed that the Methylomirabilota and Dadabacteria (at the phylum level) and the Sphingomonas, and Woeseia (at the genus level) were identified as the main predictors among different groups. The LEfSe results also showed the essential role of the Acidobacteriota in the YRR group. The SourceTracker analysis of the bacterial community of the YRR group was mainly from GBS groups (average 53.14%) and a small part was from YNR groups (average 6.56%), indicating that the P. hysterophorus invasion had a more significant effect on native plants' rhizosphere microorganisms than soil microorganisms. Our observations could provide valuable information for understanding the bacterial diversity and structure of the soil to the invasion of P. hysterophorus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantum statistics plays a fundamental role in the laws of nature. Haldane fractional exclusion statistics (FES) generalizes the Pauli exclusion statistics, and can emerge in the properties of elementary particles and hole excitations of a quantum system consisting of conventional bosons or fermions. FES has a long history of intensive studies, but its simple realization in interacting physical systems is rare. Here we report a simple non-mutual FES that depicts the particle-hole symmetry breaking in interacting Bose gases at a quantum critical point. We show that the FES distribution directly comes from particle-hole symmetry breaking. Based on exact solutions, quantum Monte Carlo simulations and experiments, we find that, over a wide range of interaction strengths, the macroscopic physical properties of these gases are determined by non-interacting quasi-particles that obey non-mutual FES of the same form in one and two dimensions. Whereas strongly interacting Bose gases reach full fermionization in one dimension, they exhibit incomplete fermionization in two dimensions. Our results provide a generic connection between interaction-induced particle-hole symmetry breaking (depicted by FES) and macroscopic properties of many-body systems in arbitrary dimensions. Our work lays the groundwork for using FES to explore quantum criticality and other novel many-body phenomena in strongly correlated quantum systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]