Search

In this paper, the phenomenon of phase transition is studied in an asymmetric tristable model driven by Lévy noise and Gaussian white noise. First, the fourth-order Runge-Kutta algorithm is used to simulate the stationary probability density of the system. Then we observe the shape of the stationary probability density curve by adjusting the system parameters and noise parameters. It has been found that asymmetric parameter, additive noise intensity, multiplicative noise intensity, the stability index, and the skewness parameter can all induce phase transition. Moreover, the influence of additive noise intensity and multiplicative noise intensity on the number and height of stationary probability density peaks is opposite. We also found that under the same asymmetric parameters, the influence of positive and negative skewness parameters on the stationary probability density is different.(讨论了非对称三稳系统在Lévy噪声和高斯白噪声共同驱动下的相转移问题。采用四阶Runge-Kutta算法，计算了系统的稳态概率密度函数，通过改变系统参数和噪声参数观察其稳态概率密度函数曲线形态的变化情况。研究发现，非对称参数、加性噪声强度、乘性噪声强度、稳定性指标、偏斜参数均可诱导系统相转移，当分别改变加性噪声强度和乘性噪声强度时，概率密度函数的峰数与高度的变化情况相反。此外，在相同的非对称参数下，随着偏斜参数正负取值的变化，概率密度曲线图中峰的结构亦呈现不同的现象。)

Primary cutaneous aspergillosis (PCA) is a rare opportunistic infection caused by Aspergillus that can be life‐threatening. PCA is mainly reported in immunocompromised hosts such as patients with AIDS, those with hematologic malignancy, or infants with occlusive dressings. However, no study has previously reported PCA associated with toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). This study reports four cases of TEN complicated with PCA, presenting with discrete gray or black spots over newly formed epithelia. Risk factors of PCA in patients with TEN include host factors, iatrogenic factors, indoor environment, and wound care. Two of the four cases eventually died, highlighting the importance of further exploring PCA in patients with TEN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A PdII‐catalyzed, domino enantioselective desymmetrizative coupling of 7‐azabenzonorbornadienes with alkynylanilines is disclosed herein. This operationally simple transformation generates three covalent bonds and two contiguous stereocenters with excellent enantio‐ and diastereo‐selectivity. The resulting functionalized indole‐dihydronaphthalene‐amine conjugates served as an appealing platform to streamline the diversity‐oriented synthesis (DOS) of other valuable enantioenriched compounds. DFT calculations revealed that the two stabilizing non‐covalent interactions contributed to the observed enantioselectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research examines the effect of companies' digital transformation on innovation by integrating factors of capital, labor, and technology into the framework, aiming to understand how the enterprises can leverage digital technology to improve absorptive capacity in the innovation process. We use archival data of digital transformation extracted from the annual reports by the methods of text mining and statistical word frequency to conduct large‐sample empirical research of Chinese listed companies. Drawing upon the sample of A‐share listed companies between 2007 and 2019, this article finds that digital transformation can improve both radical and incremental innovation. Further results reveal that the digital transformation has a more significant impact on innovation for companies in the labor‐intensive and technology‐intensive industries, which have more opportunities to utilize digital technology to improve absorptive capacity, and for the companies during the recession period, which lack absorptive capacity and thus can utilize the digital technology to improve absorptive capacity more significantly. Meanwhile, the results reveal that the impact of digital transformation in the industries driven by different factors on radical innovation and incremental innovation is heterogeneous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, the number of empty-nest elders in China is rapidly increasing, and their overall health situation is not optimistic. The Chinese government has developed a series of policies to promote the community medical-nursing combined model to meet the health and pension care needs of elderly individuals. The demand for community medical-nursing combined services among empty-nest elders plays a decisive role in providing these services and must be fully recognized before these services are offered. However, only a few quantitative studies have focused on the demand for community medical-nursing combined services, and these studies failed to capture the complexity and dynamic nature of this demand. To address this research gap, this study innovatively conducted a descriptive and qualitative study to explore the demand for these services. Following the principle of data saturation, 14 empty-nest elders from communities in Wuhan, Hubei Province, were recruited using the purposive sampling method. Semistructured interviews were used to collect qualitative data. The inductive content analysis approach was used to analyze the data. The results revealed that Chinese empty-nesters' demand for community medical-nursing combined services was diverse and specific and comprised three themes (basic elderly care services, medical and nursing services, and psychospiritual support services), with fifteen subthemes. This study provides insights into the unique demand and implementation strategies for community medical-nursing services among empty-nest elders in China. Recommendations to enhance the intelligent elderly care system, infrastructure construction, and elderly care talent in the future provision of services for this particular group of people are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Structure-controlled Pt-based nanocrystals have the great potential to provide a flexible strategy for improving the catalysis of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Here, a new synthetic approach is developed to tune the 3D structure of Pt-based alloys, and switch a synthetic reaction which produces solid PtCu octahedral stars (OSs) to produce PtCu nested skeleton cubes (NSCs) by simple addition of Ni(acac)2. In particular, Ni2+-guided anisotropic growth is observed to generate the nested skeleton structure in PtCu NSCs. Ni2+, though absent from the nanoalloys, not only endows faster Cu reduction kinetics but also acts as a structure-directing agent. Moreover, it is shown that acetic acid treatment of PtCu NSCs/C exposes Pt-rich surface with a fine-tuned Pt d-band center energy and the reduced Cu leaching, resulting in strikingly high activity and stability. Acid-treated PtCu NSCs/C shows a remarkable ORR mass activity of 5.13 A mgPt -1, about 26 times higher than commercial Pt/C catalyst. This catalyst also exhibits excellent stability with a lower activity decay of 11.5% and the negligible variation in structure after 10 000 cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid‐19) is outbreaking globally. We aimed to analyse the clinical characteristics, cardiac injury, electrocardiogram and computed tomography (CT) features of patients confirmed Covid‐19 and explored the prediction models for the severity of Covid‐19. Methods: A retrospective and single‐centre study enrolled 98 laboratory‐confirmed Covid‐19 patients. Clinical data, electrocardiogram and CT features were collected and analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software. Results: There were 46 males and 52 females, with a median age of 44 years, categorised into three groups, including mild, moderate and severe/critical Covid‐19. The rate of abnormal electrocardiograms in severe/critical group (79%) was significantly higher than that in the mild group (17%) (P =.027), which (r = 0.392, P =.005) positively related to the severity of Covid‐19 (OR: 5.71, 95% CI: 0.45‐3.04, P =.008). Age older than 60 years old, comorbidities, whether had symptoms on admission, fatigue, CT features, laboratory test results such as platelet count, lymphocyte cell count, eosinophil cell count, CD3+ cell count, CD4+ cell count, CD8+ cell count, the ratio of albumin/globulin decreased and D‐dimer, C‐reactive protein (CRP), B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP), cardiac troponin I (cTnI) elevated were the risk factors for the increased severity of Covid‐19. The logistic model, adjusted by age, lobular involvement score and lymphocyte cell count, could be applied for assessing the severity of Covid‐19 (AUC, 0.903; Sensitivity, 90.9%; Specificity, 78.1%). Conclusions: Age >60 years old, chronic comorbidities, lymphocytopoenia and lobular involvement score were associated with the Covid‐19 severity. The inflammation induced by Covid‐19 caused myocardial injury with elevated BNP and cTnI level and abnormal electrocardiograms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ever-increasing demand for videos on mobile devices poses a significant challenge to existing cellular network infrastructures. To cope with the challenge, we propose a user-centric video transmission mechanism based on device-to-device communications that allows mobile users to cache and share videos between each other, in a cooperative manner. The proposed solution jointly considers users’ similarity in accessing videos, users’ sharing willingness, users’ location distribution, and users’ quality of experience (QoE) requirements, in order to achieve a QoE-guaranteed video streaming service in a cellular network. Specifically, a service set consisting of several service providers and mobile users, is dynamically configured to provide timely service according to the probability of successful service. Numerical results show that when the number of providers and demanded videos is 40 and 2, respectively, the improved users experience rate in the proposed solution is approximately 85%, and the data offload rate on base station(s) is about 78%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The serine/threonine kinase phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)-induced putative kinase 1(PINK1) controls mitochondrial quality and plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of early-onset Parkinson's disease. However, whether PINK1 has functions in innate antiviral immunity is largely unknown. Here, we report that viral infection down regulates PINK1 expression in macrophages. PINK1 knockdown results in decreased cytokine production and attenuated IRF3 and NF-κB activation upon viral infection. PINK1 promotes the retinoic-acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLR)-triggered immune responses in a kinase domain-dependent manner. Furthermore, PINK1 associates with TRAF3 via the kinase domain and inhibits Parkin-mediated TRAF3 K48-linked proteasomal degradation. In addition, PINK1 interacts with Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) upon viral infection and impairs YAP1/IRF3 complex formation. Collectively, our results demonstrate that PINK1 positively regulates RIG-I triggered innate immune responses by inhibiting TRAF3 degradation and relieving YAP-mediated inhibition of the cellular antiviral response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND The market demand for seedless watermelon has been continuously increasing because of consumer preference. Grafting is a useful tool to manage soilborne diseases in watermelon production, but the use of squash rootstocks may negatively affect watermelon fruit quality. Currently, most research has focused on seeded cultivars, while grafting effects on seedless watermelons remain largely unknown. This multi-season study was conducted to assess the effects of squash rootstocks, including both Cucurbita maxima × C. moschata and C. moschata cultivars, with intact or excised and regenerated roots, on fruit quality of seedless watermelon 'Melody' using both instrumental and sensory measurements under different production scenarios. The grafted watermelon plants were also challenged by field inoculation with Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. niveum. RESULTS A combination of instrumental measurements and consumer sensory analyses suggested that fruit quality of the seedless watermelon 'Melody' was not impacted by the use of the squash rootstocks used in this study, which included soluble solids content, titratable acidity, pH and most fruit sensory properties. Watermelon flesh firmness was increased by grafting but the grafting effect on lycopene content was inconclusive. Root excision and regeneration did not influence the grafting effect, whereas the grafting effect on flesh firmness varied among the rootstocks under Fusarium inoculation. CONCLUSION Overall, grafting with squash rootstocks did not reduce fruit quality attributes of 'Melody' but improved texture. Our results support incorporating grafting into integrated management programs for seedless watermelon production. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To relieve the current overload of cellular networks caused by the continuously growing multimedia service, mobile edge collaboration, which exploits edge users to distribute videos for base station (BS), provides an effective way to share the heavy BS load. With the emergence of mobile edge technologies for Internet-of-Things applications, such as device to device and machine to machine, how to exploit users’ social characteristics and mobility to minimize the number of transmissions of BS and how to improve the quality of experience of users have become the key challenges. In this paper, we study two aspects that are critical to these issues. One is the two-step detection mechanism, namely the establishment of virtual communities and collaborative clusters. Specifically, we take into consideration user preference for content and location. First of all, a virtual community is established, which exploits the coalition game based on the user's preference list to dynamically divide users into multiple communities. Then, to take full advantage of the temporary link established between users, a grid-based clustering method is proposed to manage the video requesting users. On the other hand, we propose a scalable video coding sharing scheme based on user's social attributes. This approach makes video distribution more flexible at the edge of mobile network through collaboration among users, and effectively reduces transmission energy consumption of transmitters. Numerical results show that the proposed mechanism can not only effectively alleviate the BS load, but also dramatically improve the reliability and adaptability of video distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Three-dimensionally hierarchical Bi2WO6 architectures have been produced via a facile and economical hydrothermal method without any template or surfactant. This architecture with flower-like morphology is assembled by numbers of intercrossed nanosheets. Moreover, different Bi2WO6 nanostructures including multilayered disks and irregular nanoplates can also be produced by simply adjusting the pH value of the precursor solution. Importantly, this kind of hierarchically structured Bi2WO6 architecture exhibits a much better photocatalytic activity in the photodegradation of rhodamine B than that of conventional Bi2WO6 multilayered disks and nanoplates. This enhanced photocatalytic performance is mainly attributed to the large specific surface areas, special structural features and high capability of absorbed oxygen species. The present work offers an effective approach for the further improvement of photocatalytic activity by designing a desirable micro/nanoarchitecture. Three-dimensionally hierarchical Bi2WO6 architectures assembled by nanosheets have been fabricated by a simple and economical hydrothermal route, without any template or surfactant. Especially, the hierarchicallystructured Bi2WO6 architectures display remarkably enhanced photocatalytic activity in the degradation of rhodamine B than that of conventional Bi2WO6 multilayered disks and nanoplates. This enhanced photocatalytic performance is mainly attributed to the large specific surface areas, special structural features, and high capability of absorbed oxygen species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flowerlike CuO-ZnO nanocomposite photocatalysts with different molar ratios of Cu to Zn, have been fabricated using a facile one-step hydrothermal method. The photocatalytic activities of the CuO-ZnO nanocomposites were investigated for their efficiency on the degradation of methyl orange dyes under mercury lamp irradiation, and the results showed that the nanocomposites possessed remarkably enhanced photocatalytic activities. The enhanced photocatalytic activities can be ascribed to the combined effects of suppression of the recombination of photogenerated charge carriers and improved visible light utilization in CuO-ZnO nanocomposites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: One-dimensional nanochains consisting of crystalline iron–nickel nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by a simple cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) mediated assembly method. The structure and magnetic properties of the nanochains were investigated. The product is composed of nanochains with a diameter of about 90–110nm and length about several micrometers. A possible formation mechanism of these 1D particle assemblies was proposed. It was found that CTAB can serve as an effective cross-linker and plays an important role in the formation of nanochains. CTAB with low concentration can adsorb on the surface of particles and partially compensate the negative surface charge, leading to an anisotropic distribution of the residual surface charges. And this extrinsic electric dipole formation is responsible for the linear organization of the particles into chains. As-prepared iron–nickel nanochains exhibit ferromagnetism at room temperature with a much enhanced magnetic coercivity over three orders of magnitude larger than that of bulk permalloy. The imaginary part μ″ of the permeability for FeNi3-chain/wax composite shows a broad resonance peak in the frequency range 150MHz to 4GHz. Meanwhile, the position and width of resonance peak can be tuned via magnetic-field orientation treatment. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Formation of the wet media milled defatted walnut particles stabilized Pickering emulsion. [Display omitted] • A novel continuous phase transition extraction method was used to prepare defatted walnut flour. • The walnut-based miscellaneous nanoparticles were prepared by wet milling processing. • The milled walnut-based particles could serve as excellent Pickering emulsion stabilizers. • The Pickering emulsions prepared exhibit good stability over a prolonged storage time (i.e., 3 months). Media milling, an efficient and organic solvent-free method without the use of chemical modification, has been developed to engineer novel walnut-based miscellaneous colloidal particles. The defatted walnut flour particles (DWFPs), which were prepared by a novel continuous phase transition extraction method operated under low temperature (i.e., 50–65 °C) followed by 6-h media milling, were spherical shape with an average size of 753.0 ± 27.8 nm. These particles were mainly composed of proteins (55.6 ± 0.2 wt%) and carbohydrates (24.0 ± 0.2 wt%) and demonstrated the ability to form a gel-like network structure in Pickering emulsions (PEs). The visual observation and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) showed that the PE droplets stabilized by DWFPs had a good stability over a prolonged storage time (i.e., 3-month storage). Increasing particle concentration (c) in aqueous phase led to the increased emulsified phase volume, decreased oil droplet sizes, and increased storage moduli G' for the viscoelastic responses. As the oil volume fraction (ϕ) increased, the emulsified phase volume fraction and droplet size increased while their rheological properties shifted from fluid-like to gel-like behaviors. The method developed in this study is significant in value-added utilization of walnut products and provides a new insight into facile fabrication of stable food-grade Pickering emulsions-based functional foods using miscellaneous particle stabilizers from walnut extracts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the anti-ferroptosis effects of catecholic flavonol quercetin and its metabolite quercetin Diels-Alder anti-dimer (QDAD) were studied using an erastin-treated bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (bmMSCs) model. Quercetin exhibited higher anti-ferroptosis levels than QDAD, as indicated by 4,4-difluoro-5-(4-phenyl-1,3-butadienyl)-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3-undecanoic acid (C11-BODIPY), 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluoroscein diacetate (H2DCFDA), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), and flow cytometric assays. To understand the possible pathways involved, the reaction product of quercetin with the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH●) was measured using ultra-performance liquid-chromatography coupled with electrospray-ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS). Quercetin was found to produce the same clusters of molecular ion peaks and fragments as standard QDAD. Furthermore, the antioxidant effects of quercetin and QDAD were compared by determining their 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide radical-scavenging, Cu2+-reducing, Fe3+-reducing, lipid peroxidation-scavenging, and DPPH●-scavenging activities. Quercetin consistently showed lower IC50 values than QDAD. These findings indicate that quercetin and QDAD can protect bmMSCs from erastin-induced ferroptosis, possibly through the antioxidant pathway. The antioxidant pathway can convert quercetin into QDAD—an inferior ferroptosis-inhibitor and antioxidant. The weakening has highlighted a rule for predicting the relative anti-ferroptosis and antioxidant effects of catecholic flavonols and their Diels-Alder dimer metabolites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• FSPCMs were prepared by integrating CaCl 2 •6H 2 O into NS with different pore sizes. • FSPCMs not only possess good thermal properties but also are non-flammable. • Pore structure of NS affects melting temperature and thermal conductivity of FSPCM. • FSPCM containing small pore size of NS had efficient temperature regulated ability. Development of phase change materials (PCMs) for thermal energy storage in building envelopes, is a promising method of energy utilization and retention. In the present study, three different kinds of nano-SiO 2 (NS) were introduced to CaCl 2 •6H 2 O to obtain form-stable phase change materials (FSPCMs) with favorable thermal properties and non-flammability. The results of leakage tests show that the maximum CaCl 2 •6H 2 O mass fractions in FSPCMs containing NS1, NS2 and NS3, were 75%, 73% and 70%, respectively. There were no chemical reactions observed between CaCl 2 •6H 2 O and nano-SiO 2 , and CaCl 2 •6H 2 O was uniformly dispersed in the pores and on the surfaces of nano-SiO 2. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) results show a lower melting temperature for FSPCMs with smaller diameter nano-SiO 2 species, with latent heats equivalent to the calculated values based on the mass fraction of CaCl 2 •6H 2 O in the FSPCMs. Among the three types of FSPCMs, CaCl 2 •6H 2 O(75%)/NS1 FSPCM exhibited the highest latent heat of 148.2 J/g with a phase change temperature of 25.1°C. Thermogravimetric analysis and thermal cycling tests verified that FSPCMs possess good thermal stability and reliability. Smaller nano-SiO 2 pore diameter caused a downward shift in the thermal conductivity of FSPCMs. The results of thermal performance tests using a laboratory-scale test chamber, show that FSPCMs, in particular CaCl 2 •6H 2 O(75%)/NS1 FSPCM, effectively decreased the indoor peak temperature during the heating process and extended the duration of heat preservation during the cooling process, further supporting their valuable potential as candidates for use in building energy efficiency applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Long QT syndrome (LQTS) increases the risk of life-threatening arrhythmia in young individuals with structurally normal hearts. Sixteen genes such as the KCNQ1, KCNH2, and SCN5A have been reported for association with LQTS.Case Presentation: We identified the compound heterozygous mutations in the KCNQ1 gene at c. G527A (p.W176X) and c.G1765A (p.G589S) predicted as "damaging." The in-silico analysis showed that when compared to the characteristics of mRNA and protein of wild-type KCNQ1, the mRNA of c.G527A mutation was significantly different in the centroid secondary structure. The subunit coded by W176X would lose the transmembrane domains S3-S6 and helices A-D. The protein secondary structure of G589S was slightly shortened in helix structure; the protein physics-chemical parameters of W176X and G589S significantly and slightly changed, respectively.Conclusions: The compound heterozygous mutations of W176X and G589S coexisting in KCNQ1 gene of homologous chromosomes, resulting in more severe phenotype, are the likely pathogenic and genetic risks of LQTS and USD in this Chinese family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore whether and how glucuronidation affects pyrogallol-type phytophenols, scutellarein and scutellarin (scutellarein-7-O-glucuronide) were comparatively investigated using a set of antioxidant analyses, including spectrophotometric analysis, UV-vis spectra analysis, and ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS) analysis. In spectrophotometric analyses of the scavenging of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•), 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS+•), and 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl 3-oxide radicals (PTIO•) and the reduction of Cu2+ ions, scutellarein showed lower IC50 values than scutellarin. However, in •O2−-scavenging spectrophotometric analysis, scutellarein showed higher IC50 value than scutellarin. The analysis of UV-Vis spectra obtained after the Fe2+-chelating reaction of scutellarin showed a typical UV-Vis peak (λmax = 611 nm), while scutellarein showed no typical peak. In UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS analysis, mixing of scutellarein with DPPH• yielded MS peaks (m/z 678, 632, 615, 450, 420, 381, 329, 300, 288, 227, 196, 182, 161, and 117) corresponding to the scutellarein-DPPH adduct and an MS peak (m/z 570) corresponding to the scutellarein-scutellarein dimer. Scutellarin, however, generated no MS peak. On the basis of these findings, it can be concluded that glucuronidation of pyrogallol-type phytophenol antioxidants has a dual effect. On the one hand, glucuronidation can decrease the antioxidant potentials (except for •O2− scavenging) and further lower the possibility of radical adduct formation (RAF), while on the other hand, it can enhance the •O2−-scavenging and Fe2+-chelating potentials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cesarean section (CS) scar diverticula (CSD) is an important cause impede further fecundity, with rather complicated pathophysiologic mechanisms and unclear etiopathogenesis. In this study, we detect the influences of CSD on the pregnancy outcomes in in-vitro fertilization (IVF) or intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) embryo transfer (ET) cycles, and further explore the mechanisms involved based on histopathology and immunology differences in endometrium between CSD and vaginal birth (VB) women. The CS group had significantly lower CLBR compared to NCS group. Histopathological analysis showed that the higher prevalent of CE is accompanied by excessive fibroblast proliferation at the lower segment of uterus and significantly exaggerated vascular proliferation in situ. Intrauterine inflammatory cytokines including IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and SDF-1α were also increased in CSD group. The present data suggests impaired fecundity in CSD women undergoing IVF/ICSI treatment. Although the causal relationship is ambiguous, the potential mechanisms may involve persistent inflammatory response in the uterine cavity, active vascular proliferation accompanied with increased fibrosis which are responsible for poor chronic wound healing of CSD. • Women with cesarean section have worse pregnancy outcomes than women with vaginal delivery. • Women with cesarean scar diverticulum have higher rates of chronic endometritis. • The fibrosis and vascular proliferation in the diverticulum of the cesarean section scar were obvious, accompanied by the increase of inflammatory factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]