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Metal thio(seleno) phosphates MPX3 attract considerable attention with potential application in spintronics and other types of devices. Here, ferromagnetism in an Ising type diluted magnetic semiconductor Fe1‐xZnxPS3 is reported. Bulk single crystals of Fe1‐xZnxPS3 have been synthesized via chemical vapor transport method and characterized by X‐ray diffraction. The weak ferromagnetism associated with spin/cluster spin glass emerges at 30% Zn doping. A nearly static ferromagnetic order is observed in the highly diluted magnets Fe0.1Zn0.9PS3. X‐ray photoemission measurements indicate introduction of holes and associated Fe3+ in samples with ferromagnetic order. Density functional theory calculations confirm the Ising‐type ferromagnetic state in highly diluted compounds with hole doping. The interplay between bound magnetic polarons induces impurity‐band‐exchange and superexchange interactions can explain the evolution of magnetism with Zn doping. The findings suggest that the magnetic diluted FePS3 system is a candidate for potential applications in magnetic devices, and its quantum mechanism should be explored by using microscopic techniques in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) were fed diets with three experimental feeds, a control diet (Control, crude protein (CP): 54.52%, crude lipid (CL): 11.45%), a low-protein diet with lysophospholipid (LP-Ly, CP: 52.46%, CL: 11.36%), and a low-lipid diet with lysophospholipid (LL-Ly, CP: 54.43%, CL: 10.19%), respectively. The LP-Ly and LL-Ly groups represented the addition of 1 g/kg of lysophospholipids in the low-protein and low-lipid groups, respectively. After a 64-day feeding trial, the experimental results showed that the growth performance, hepatosomatic index, and viscerosomatic index of largemouth bass in both the LP-Ly and LL-Ly groups were not significantly different compared to those in the Control group (P > 0.05). The condition factor and CP content of whole fish were significantly higher in the LP-Ly group than those in the Control group (P < 0.05). Compared with the Control group, the serum total cholesterol level and alanine aminotransferase enzyme activity were significantly lower in both the LP-Ly group and the LL-Ly group (P < 0.05). The protease and lipase activities in the liver and intestine of both group LL-Ly and group LP-Ly were significantly higher than those of the Control group (P < 0.05). Compared to both the LL-Ly group and the LP-Ly group, significantly lower liver enzyme activities and gene expression of fatty acid synthase, hormone-sensitive lipase, and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 were found in the Control group (P < 0.05). The addition of lysophospholipids increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria (Cetobacterium and Acinetobacter) and decreased the abundance of harmful bacteria (Mycoplasma) in the intestinal flora. In conclusion, the supplementation of lysophospholipids in low-protein or low-lipid diets had no negative effect on the growth performance of largemouth bass, but increased the activity of intestinal digestive enzymes, enhanced the hepatic lipid metabolism, promoted the protein deposition, and regulated the structure and diversity of the intestinal flora. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Shunnan area is a newly discovered hydrocarbon field in Shuntuoguole lower uplift, in which the host rocks are Lower–Middle Ordovician carbonates. The carbonate reservoirs are well affected by hydrothermal silicification with well‐preserved intercrystalline pore of replacement quartz and megaquartz cements. Based on the petrography, pore types, and diagenetic processes, this research evaluated the reservoir quality and re‐constructed the porosity evolution in different diagenetic stages. Samples are collected from 7‐cored wells distributed along NNE‐ or ENE‐trending sinistral strike‐slip faults. Nine types of lithofacies were identified in the study area, including mudstone, bioclast wackestone, peloidal bioclast packstone, boundstone, peloidal grainstone, ooid grainstone, slightly silicified limestone (silica less than 25%), strongly silicified limestone (silica around 50%), and chert. Chert has better porosity (average 21.3%) and permeability (average 44.7 mD) than other lithofacies. The main reservoir pores are mainly developed in forms of fractures, intercrystalline replacement quartz and dissolved vugs. The porosity evolution shows that the primary porosity was limited due to cementation and compaction, and the earlier secondary porosity was occlusive as a result of coarse calcite cementation. Therefore, the precursor limestones may be tight, and the reservoir quality of the Lower–Middle Ordovician carbonates was controlled by hydrothermal silicification. During the hydrothermal silicification event, the burial depth of the Lower–Middle Ordovician carbonates was more than 3,000 m and their stratum temperature was higher than 120°C, representing a deep burial condition. The statistical data of porosity‐depth/temperature trends for carbonates suggest that the early secondary pores would be significantly reduced when the burial temperature reaches 100°C (or depth of strata reaches 3,000 m). Therefore, the dissolved vugs in strongly silicified limestone or hydrothermal chert are caused by hydrothermal silicification and not inherited from precursor carbonate rocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Gucheng area, located in the east of the Tarim Basin, is one of the important gas exploration targets, and the Upper Cambrian dolostone is the main pay layer. The dolostone is considered to be altered by hydrothermal fluids, but the hydrothermal altering degrees are still unclear. In this study we report the petrography and in situ trace elemental data, and try to discuss the hydrothermal fluids and their impact on the Upper Cambrian dolostones. Based on the petrography and CL properties, five types of dolomites are identified. MD1 and MD2 are the matrix dolomites. The crystal size of MD1 range from approximately 30 to 100 μm, while the MD2 is larger than 200 μm. Cement dolomite (CD) occurring only in vugs and fractures is subdivided into three types depending on the CL properties. CD‐zone1 is the core of CD with dull CL colours. CD‐zone2 comprises a bright red CL colour zone and a dull CL colour zone, and CD‐zone3 is the rim of CD dolomite with bright red CL colours. MD2 and CD‐zone1 show light rare earth elements (LREE) depletion, middle rare earth elements (MREE) enrichment and negative Eu anomalies. The REEY patterns of CD‐zone3 dolomite are marked by LREE enrichment and positive Eu anomalies. CD‐zone2 is the transitional mineral phase that shows slightly LREE depletion and negative Eu anomalies. The REEY patterns of CD‐zone1 suggest that CD‐zone1 is likely formed by local redistribution of older dolomites in a closed system. The REEY patterns of CD‐zone3 may indicate a magmatic associated hydrothermal fluid. Based on the petrography and in situ trace elemental data, the Permian magmatic fluid, which is recorded in CD‐zone2 and CD‐zone3 dolomites, may be only limited within fractures, while unlikely significantly altered the matrix dolomite in the Upper Cambrian. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Lower Permian Fengcheng Formation in the Mahu Sag of the Junggar Basin was developed in a volcanic-induced alkaline saline lacustrine environment, with deposition of thick-bedded sodium carbonates and high-quality source rocks, as well as the borosilicate reedmergnerite, which is a rare mineral globally but is very rich in the Fengcheng Formation. Based on petrography, fluid inclusion and boron isotope studies, the aim of this study was to discover the origin of the reedmergnerite which, in the Fengcheng Formation, often replaces carbonate minerals, including shortite, eitelite, northupite, calcite, trona, and even barytocalcite. The homogenization temperature of the primary inclusions in the reedmergnerite ranged from 100 to 116°C. Previous synthetic experimental studies have found that the δ11B values of reedmergnerite are 0.33-2.13‰. It is proposed here that, due to the limitations of temperature and pressure in surface or shallow burial processes, the source of boron in reedmergnerite was deep hydrothermal fluid in the original sedimentary environment, mainly in deep diagenetic environments (>3000 m). Therefore, the enrichment of reedmergnerite in the Fengcheng Formation is interpreted as the result of intense magmatic hydrothermal activity and a long diagenetic history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exploration of deeply buried hydrocarbon is still a challenge for the petroleum geology. The Shunbei area is a newly discovered oil fields, located in the center of the Tarim Basin. The oil is mainly yielded from the Middle–Lower Ordovician carbonate reservoirs with depth > 7000 m in the Shunbei No. 1 and No. 5 fault zones. Calcite cements filled in vugs (v-calcite) and fractures (f-calcite) are identified in limestones and dolostones of the carbonate reservoirs. F-calcites in the Shunbei No. 1 fault zone trap secondary inclusions in trails, which comprise liquid-dominated biphase aqueous inclusions, liquid-dominated biphase oil inclusions, and/or oil-bearing triphase inclusions. F-calcite and v-calcite in the No. 5 fault zone trap secondary inclusions in trails, which consist of liquid-only monophase aqueous inclusions, liquid-dominated biphase aqueous inclusions, liquid-dominated biphase oil inclusions, liquid-only monophase oil inclusions, and/or oil-bearing triphase inclusions. The ranges of the homogenization temperature ( T h ) and ice-melting temperature ( T m − ice ) in the Shunbei No. 1 fault zone are, respectively, 130–150°C and -2.1–-1.5°C. The coexistence of liquid-only and liquid-dominated aqueous inclusions in the Shunbei No. 5 fault zone indicates that the aqueous inclusions are trapped at low temperatures. The aqueous inclusions in the Shunbei No. 5 fault zone show a range from -0.4 to -0.2°C in T m − ice which is very close to the meteoric fluid. In the context of the burial-thermal history and the Cambrian source rock evolution, the charging process of hydrocarbon in the Shunbei No. 1 and No. 5 fault zones corresponds to the Silurian and Middle Ordovician, respectively. Results of fluid inclusions indicate a tightly coupling relationship between the hydrocarbon charging process and fault system evolution in the Shunbei area. This study reveals the application of fluid inclusion under the systemically petrographic constraints to decipher the charging history of hydrocarbon, especially for the deeply buried reservoirs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal thio(seleno)phosphates M PX 3 have attracted considerable attentions with wide spanned band gaps and rich magnetic properties. In this series, two neighboring members MnPS 3 and NiPS 3 differ in magnetic atoms, magnetic easy axes, spin anisotropy, as well as nearest-neighbor magnetic interactions. The competition between these components may cause intriguing physical phenomena. In this article, the evolution of magnetism of Mn 1- x Ni x PS 3 series is reported. Despite the incompatible antiferromagnetic orders of two end members, the antiferromagnetism persists as the ground state in the whole substitution region. The magnetic ordering temperature T N show nonmonotonic V-shape behavior, and the reentrant spin glass phase at x = 0.5 is observed. In addition, abnormal bifurcation of T N occurs at x = 0.75, which may be due to the temperature-dependent spin reorientation or phase separation. The evolution of magnetism is further confirmed semi-quantitatively by our density functional theory calculations. Our study indicates that exotic magnetism can be intrigued when multi-degrees of freedom are involved in these low-dimensional systems, which call for more in-depth microscopic studies in future., (© 2022 IOP Publishing Ltd.)

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are believed to be the main source of cancer relapse and metastasis. PIWI-interacting small non-coding RNAs (piRNAs) have been recently recognized to be relevant to cancer biology. Whether and how piRNAs regulate human CSCs remain unknown. Herein, upregulation of piR-823 was identified in tested luminal breast cancer cells, especially in the luminal subtype of breast CSCs. Enforced expression or targeted knockdown of piR-823 demonstrated its oncogenic function in regulating cell proliferation and colony formation in MCF-7 and T-47D breast cancer cells. In addition, piR-823 induced ALDH (+) breast CSC subpopulation promoted the expression of stem cell markers including OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, NANOG, and hTERT, and increased mammosphere formation. Tail vein injection of magnetic nanoparticles carrying anti-piR-823 into the mammary gland of tumor-burdened mice significantly inhibited tumor growth in vivo . DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) including DNMT1, DNMT3A, and DNMT3B were demonstrated to be the downstream genes of piR-823, which regulate gene expression by maintaining DNA methylation. piR-823 increased the expression of DNMTs, promoted DNA methylation of gene adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), thereby activating Wnt signaling and inducing cancer cell stemness in the luminal subtype of breast cancer cells. The current study not only revealed a novel mechanism through which piRNAs contribute to tumorigenesis in breast cancer by regulating CSCs, but also provided a therapeutic strategy using non-coding genomes in the suppression of human breast cancer., Competing Interests: RP holds ownership interests in LightSeed, Inc. RP holds ownership interests (value unknown) for several patents and submitted patent applications. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Ding, Li, Lü, Zhao, Guo, Lu, Ma, Liu, Pestell, Liang and Yu.)