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目的 探索系统性免疫炎症指数（systemic immune-inflammatory index，SII）与卒中后抑郁（post-stroke depression，PSD）的关系及SII对PSD的预测价值。 方法 连续纳入2019年2月—2021年2月在宝鸡市中心医院神经内科住院治疗的缺血性卒中患者，进行回顾性分析。根据发病30 d后HAMD-17评分分为PSD组和非PSD组。比较两组患者人口学特点、影像资料、临床基线数据、SII等信息，采用多因素logistic回归分析法来研究SII与PSD的关系。 结果 本研究共纳入307例患者，其中PSD组103例，非PSD组204例。PSD组患者的SII明显高于非PSD组[518.89×109/L（478.20×109/L～559.12×109/L）vs. 448.15×109/L（407.88×109/L～ 490.16×109/L），P＜0.001]。PSD组患者HAMD-17评分与SII呈正相关（r=0.364，P＜0.001）。多因素logistic分析提示SII增高是PSD发病的独立性危险因素（中间三分位数：OR 1.770，95%CI 1.325～2.364，P=0.003；较高三分位数：OR 2.472，95%CI 1.747～3.469，P=0.001）。ROC分析显示，SII预测PSD对应的AUC为0.765（95%CI 0.709～0.820，P＜0.001），SII预测PSD的最佳临界值为478.18×109/L，此时敏感度为75.7%，特异度为67.6%。 结论 SII增高可能是PSD的独立性危险因素，对PSD有潜在的预测价值。 Abstract: Objective This study explored the correlation between systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII) and post-stroke depression (PSD) and the predictive value of SII for PSD diagnosis. Methods Patients diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke for the first time in the Department of Neurology of Baoji Central Hospital from February 2019 to February 2021 were consecutively enrolled. The patients were divided into PSD group and non-PSD group according to the results of the HAMD-17, 30 days after onset. The two groups’ demographic characteristics, imaging data, baseline clinical data, and SII were compared, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the correlation between SII and PSD. Results A total of 307 patients were included in this study, including 103 patients in the PSD group and 204 patients in the non-PSD group. The SII in the PSD group was significantly higher than that in the non-PSD group[518.89×109/L (478.20×109/L-559.12×109/L) vs. 448.15×109/L (407.88×109/L-490.16×109/L), P﹤0.001]. HAMD-17 score was positively correlated with SII in PSD patients (r=0.364, P﹤0.001). Multivariate logistic results indicated that increment of SII was an independent risk factor for PSD (middle tertile: OR 1.170, 95%CI 1.325-2.364, P=0.003; highest tertile: OR 2.472, 95%CI 1.747-3.469, P=0.001). ROC analysis showed that the AUC of PSD predicted by SII was 0.765 (95%CI 0.709-0.820, P﹤0.001) , the cut-off point for predicting PSD was 478.18×109/L, the sensitivity was 75.7%, and the specificity was 67.6%. Conclusions Increased SII is an independent risk factor for PSD, which has a potential predictive value for diagnosing PSD.

Retinal rod and cone photoreceptors mediate vision in dim and bright light, respectively, by transducing absorbed photons into neural electrical signals. Their phototransduction mechanisms are essentially identical. However, one difference is that, whereas a rod visual pigment remains stable in darkness, a cone pigment has some tendency to dissociate spontaneously into apo-opsin and retinal (the chromophore) without isomerization. This cone-pigment property is long known but has mostly been overlooked. Importantly, because apo-opsin has weak constitutive activity, it triggers transduction to produce electrical noise even in darkness. Currently, the precise dark apo-opsin contents across cone subtypes are mostly unknown, as are their dark activities. We report here a study of goldfish red (L), green (M), and blue (S) cones, finding with microspectrophotometry widely different apo-opsin percentages in darkness, being ∼30% in L cones, ∼3% in M cones, and negligible in S cones. L and M cones also had higher dark apo-opsin noise than holo-pigment thermal isomerization activity. As such, given the most likely low signal amplification at the pigment-to-transducin/phosphodiesterase phototransduction step, especially in L cones, apo-opsin noise may not be easily distinguishable from light responses and thus may affect cone vision near threshold.

Cage farming is an important means of aquacultural production, while its potential environmental pollution needs to be further investigated. In this study, Dongshan Bay was taken as an example to investigate whether long-term cage farming in a semi-closed bay would cause environmental pollution via vertical distribution assessment. The four sediment cores (YB1, YB2, B1, and B2) were collected from two cage farming areas. Total nitrogen (TN), total organic carbon (TOC), and total phosphorus (TP) were measured. The results showed a negative correlation between TN and TOC and the sediment depth at four sampling sites, and TP was also negatively correlated with the depth at three sites. The average TN (1,405.8, 1,413.8, 1,115.7, and 936.1 mgkg−1) and TP (1,206, 1,141.6, 1,064.6, and 932.8 mgkg−1) values of the four sites were markedly higher than the safety level, with the indexes STN, STP, FF, and ON of the four sites indicating moderate to severe pollution of nitrogen and phosphorus. Particularly, the YB1 and YB2 sites in the area with lower current speed have more severe pollution. The C/N ratio uncovered that the organic matter (OM) might mainly derived from the phytoplankton and nonfibrous plants as a result of excessive fish feed and feces. Collectively, the results indicated that long-term (more than 10 years) cage farming activity in a semi-closed bay such as Dongshan Bay had a negative impact on the environmental quality. Despite limitations in sample size and the absence of stable isotopic analyses, this study enhances our understanding of environmental changes and endogenous pollution risks in shallow marine aquaculture areas. Moreover, it suggests practical approaches such as implementing alternative farming and fallowing periods, should be conducted to mitigate the pollution.

The Beijing genotype is the most common type of tuberculosis in Jiangxi Province, China. The association of population characteristics and their prevalence in the development of recent transmission is still unclear. 1,433 isolates were subjected to drug-resistant tests and MIRU-VNTR analysis. We compared differences in demographic characteristics and drug resistance patterns between the Beijing and non-Beijing family strains. We also explored the association of the clustering rate with the Beijing genotype of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The Beijing genotype was dominant (78.16%). The results of MIRU-VNTR showed that 775 of 1,433 strains have unique patterns, and the remaining gather into 103 clusters. A recent transmission rate was 31.54% (452/1,433). The Beijing genotype strains were more likely to spread among the recurrent population (p = 0.004), people less than 50 years of age (p = 0.02 or 0.003), and the personnel in the northern regions (p = 0.03). Drug resistance patterns did not show significant differences between Beijing and non-Beijing genotype isolates. Furthermore, we found that HIV-positive cases had a lower clustering rate (p = 0.001). Our results indicated that the recurrent population and people under 50 years of age were more likely to be infected with the Beijing genotype of M. tuberculosis. The strains from the Beijing family were easier to cluster compared to strains isolated from the non-Beijing family. Social activity and AIDS substantially impacted the clustering rate of the Beijing genotype of M. tuberculosis. Multidrug resistant M. tuberculosis affected Beijing genotype transmission.