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Background: The global incidence of bloodstream infections (BSIs) is rising, necessitating the development of effective therapeutic strategies to achieve complete eradication. This study focuses on the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) functionalized with Clematis gouriana extract (CG) (CG-AgNPs) as a potential alternative to conventional treatments for combating BSIs caused by bacterial pathogens. Methods: AgNPs were synthesized by reducing silver nitrate (AgNO₃) using CG extract. The formation of CG-AgNPs was confirmed through UV-Vis spectroscopy, while their characterization included the determination of mean particle size and zeta potential. Elemental composition was analyzed using energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. The in vitro antibacterial efficacy of CG-AgNPs was assessed through multiple assays, including a time-kill assay, a film bioadhesion assay, and measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Results: SPR (surface plasmon resonance) has been employed to validate the development of AgNPs by observing a colour shift to dark brown. The mean particle size and zeta potential of the CG-AgNPs were found to be 38 ± 2 nm (PDI 0.104 ± 0.03) and −31.2 ± 1.4 mV, respectively. Additionally, E-XRD results show that the prepared AgNPs comply with the silver presence. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) of the CG-AgNPs against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) were observed to be 6.25 ± 0.8 µg/mL and 13.5 ± 2.4 µg/mL, respectively.Similarly, the MIC and MBC of CG-AgNPs against Escherichia coli (E. coli) were found to be 13.5 ± 1.5 μg/mL and 26 ± 2.8 μg/mL, respectively. CG-AgNPs also prevented biofilm formation and bacterial adhesion in a dose-dependent manner; 100 % inhibition was achieved in 48 h at MBC. In addition, CG-AgNPs remarkably escalated the ROS level within cells, indicating their mechanism of antimicarobial activity. Conclusions: The findings of this study demonstrate that CG-AgNPs synthesized via green synthesis exhibit significant antibacterial activity, highlighting their potential as an effective alternative for the treatment of BSIs. However, further in vivo studies are required to optimize a suitable dosage form and validate their therapeutic efficacy against bacterial infections in clinical settings.

Background: The research emphasizes the eco-friendly and sustainable approach of nanoparticle synthesis, leveraging the medicinal properties inherent in Glycyrrhiza glabra extract, which is known for its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. By combining the therapeutic potential of the plant extract with the wound-healing capabilities of silver nanoparticles, the study seeks to develop an innovative, biocompatible, and effective treatment for enhanced wound healing process in excision and incision rat model. Methods: Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn root was extracted with alcohol and utilized in the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The green synthesized nanoparticles were characterized, formulated into gel, and evaluated for their potential to heal wound in rat wound model. Results: The results of the study showed that the detection of ultra-violet visible spectroscopy peaks at 412 nm and 403 nm. The presence of tannins, saponins, flavonoids, and phenols in plant extract caused the capping and bio-reduction of silver, as demonstrated by FTIR. Silver nanoparticles that were biosynthesized were in between 69.7 and 419.1 nm in size. The study's formulation of synthesized silver nanoparticles demonstrated significant wound healing potential by promoting wound contraction and accelerating healing after 21 days of study, which was demonstrated by histopathological evaluation and complete epithelialization with regenerated hair follicles and higher collagen tissue. Conclusion: The current study found that the biomolecules of Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn root alcoholic extract, which are responsible for augmenting the plant extract's capacity to heal wounds, were capped on silver nanoparticles.

Objective: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) belong to a subpopulation of undifferentiated cells present within tumors that have the potential to regenerate, differentiate, maintenance of pluripotency, drug resistance, and tumorigenicity when transplanted into an innate host. These can influence the growth and behavior of these tumors and are used to investigate the initiation, progression, and treatment strategies of laryngeal cancer. Research on CSC science and targeted therapies were hinge on their isolation and/or enrichment procedures. The object of the study is to isolate cancer stem cells from primary laryngeal carcinoma (CSCPLC) by tumor spheres enrichment. We checked the properties of self-renewal, stemness, clonogenicity, and chemotherapeutic resistance. Materials and Methods: We performed tumor sphere formation assay (primary, secondary, and tertiary) chemotherapy resistance by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay were performed to evaluate the CSC cells. Immunofluorescence for stem cell markers (CD133+, CD44+) and gene expression of stem cell markers for CD133+, CD44+, OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG was done using the real-time polymerase chain reaction technique. Results: We were able to isolated CSC subpopulations from PLC cell lines by the tumor sphere method. These cells exhibited good primary, secondary, and tertiary tumor sphere formation efficiency and also disclosed a resistant index of more than 2. Immunofluorescence for stem cell markers (CD133+ and CD44+) confirms the presence of CSC. There was significantly higher mRNA expression of stem cell markers in CSC enriched subpopulations compared to the parental cell lines. Conclusion: We conclude that tumor spheres enrichment is an efficient, economical, and reliable approach for the isolation and characterization of CSC from PLC cell lines. These cells demonstrated the properties of self-renewal, stemness, clonogenicity, and chemotherapeutic resistance.

Oral cancer has a high mortality rate, which is mostly determined by the stage of the disease at the time of admission. Around half of all patients with oral cancer report with advanced illness. Hitherto, chemotherapy is preferred to treat oral cancer, but the emergence of resistance to anti-cancer drugs is likely to occur after a sequence of treatments. Curcumin is renowned for its anticancer potential but its marred water solubility and poor bioavailability limit its use in treating multidrug-resistant cancers. As part of this investigation, we prepared and characterized Curcumin nanomicelles (CUR-NMs) using DSPE-PEG-2000 and evaluated the anticancer properties of cisplatin-resistant cancer cell lines. The prepared CUR-NMs were sphere-shaped and unilamellar in structure, with a size of 32.60 ± 4.2 nm. CUR-NMs exhibited high entrapment efficiency (82.2%), entrapment content (147.96 µg/mL), and a mean zeta potential of −17.5ζ which is considered moderately stable. The cellular uptake and cytotoxicity studies revealed that CUR-NMs had significantly higher cytotoxicity and cellular uptake in cisplatin drug-resistant oral cancer cell lines and parental oral cancer cells compared to plain curcumin (CUR). The DAPI and FACS analysis corroborated a high percentage of apoptotic cells with CUR-NMs (31.14%) compared to neat CUR (19.72%) treatment. Conclusively, CUR-NMs can potentially be used as an alternative carrier system to improve the therapeutic effects of curcumin in the treatment of cisplatin-resistant human oral cancer.