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Home-based rehabilitation after an acute episode or following an exacerbation of a chronic disease is often problematic with a clear lack of continuity of care between hospital and home care. Secondary prevention is an essential element of long-term rehabilitation where strategies oriented toward risk reduction, treatment adherence, and optimization of quality of life need to be applied. Frail and sometimes isolated, the patient fails to adhere to the proposed post-discharge clinical pathway due to lack of appropriate clinical, emotional, and informational support. Providing a suitable rehabilitation after an acute episode or a chronic disease is a major issue, as it helps people to live independently and enhance their quality of life. However, as the rehabilitation period usually lasts some months, the continuity of care is often interrupted in the transition from hospital to home. Virtual coaches could help these patients to engage in a personalized rehabilitation program that complies with age-related conditions. These coaches could be a key technology for empowering patients toward increasing their adherence to the care plan and to improve their secondary prevention measures. In this paper, we are presenting a novel virtual coaching system that will address these challenges by combining recent technological advances with clinical pathways, based on joint research and validation activities from researchers from the medical and information and communication technology (ICT) domains. more...

We present verification protocols to gain confidence in the correct performance of a device implementing an arbitrary quantum computation. The derivation of the protocols is based on the fact that matchgate computations, which are classically efficiently simulable, become universal if supplemented with additional resources. We combine tools from weak simulation, randomized compiling, and statistics to derive verification circuits that (i) strongly resemble the original circuit and (ii) can be classically efficiently simulated not only in the ideal, i.e., error free scenario, but also in the realistic situation where errors are present. In fact, in one of the protocols we apply exactly the same circuit as in the original computation, however, to a slightly modified input state. more...

A growing and massive digitalisation of society marks the visits of natural areas. This leads to the production and sharing of digital footprints which, as soon as they contain data allowing them to be spatialised, become Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI). By making it possible to understand phenomena that are difficult to observe, their use opens new research perspectives, even more for mountain areas marked by the need to understand these visits and by the lack of efficiency of other systems. Documenting the phenomenon of VGI within scientific production can therefore help to lay the foundations for future research. Our aim is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the academic literature on VGI. We conduct a bibliometric analysis based on a scoping study of the 1,001 papers listed on the Web of Science dealing with VGI. Firstly, we identify the evolution of their production since 2009 and their particularly important attachment to geography and formal sciences. Secondly, we highlight trends in their production context, including the influence of Geographic Information Sciences in the authorship and dissemination spaces of the work, and the dominance of a few countries in the production of this literature. Thirdly, we identify themes that are prevalent in the corpus through an analysis of keywords, and the lacunar nature of the issue of recreational use of natural areas. Thus, our paper highlights the maturity of the field of studies of VGI, but also the opportunity that is emerging in terms of mobilising this tool in scientific work dealing with the visits and management of natural areas. more...

La fréquentation des espaces naturels est marquée par une numérisation croissante et massive de la société. Elle entraîne la production et le partage de traces numériques qui, dès lors qu’elles contiennent des données permettant leur spatialisation, deviennent des Informations Géographiques Volontaires (IGV). Permettant d’appréhender des phénomènes difficilement observables, leur exploitation dessine des perspectives de recherche, d’autant plus pour les espaces de montagne, marqués par un enjeu de connaissances de cette fréquentation et par le manque d’efficacité d’autres dispositifs. Documenter le phénomène des IGV au sein de la production scientifique peut donc permettre de poser les bases de ces futures recherches. Notre objectif est de proposer une compréhension globale de la littérature académique sur les IGV. Nous réalisons une analyse bibliométrique à partir d’une scoping study des 1 001 publications recensées sur le Web of Science traitant des IGV. Premièrement, nous identifions l’évolution de leur production depuis 2009 et leur rattachement très important à la géographie et aux sciences techniques et de l’ingénierie. Deuxièmement, nous mettons en évidence quelques tendances quant à leur contexte de production, notamment l’influence des sciences de l’information géographique dans l’autorat et les espaces de diffusion des travaux ainsi que la domination de quelques pays dans la production de cette littérature. Troisièmement, nous repérons des thématiques prégnantes au sein du corpus à travers l’analyse des mots-clés et le caractère lacunaire de la question de la fréquentation récréative des espaces naturels. Ainsi, notre article met en évidence la maturité du champ d’études des IGV, mais aussi l’opportunité qui se dessine en matière de mobilisation de cet outil dans des travaux scientifiques traitant de la fréquentation et de la gestion des espaces naturels. more...

The Alps are particularly affected by the effects of climate change. The average temperature increase is twice as high as that observed at the global level (Beniston, 2012). Climate change is having a profound impact on tourism, sports and, more broadly, recreational activities in mountain regions. First of all, this concerns the rise in the rain-snow limit and the increasing scarcity of snow (Gonseth, 2013), leading ski lift companies to invest heavily in the production of artificial snow in order to sustain the activities of skiing and snowboarding (Abegg, 2011; Clivaz et al., 2015). However, climate change also has important repercussions for other sports and recreational pursuits in these regions, especially in summer (hiking, climbing, mountaineering, etc.). Observing the effects of climate change on recreational activities in less-developed mountain regions proves complex. In this context, an exploratory participatory research-action project, presented in this paper, was carried out in 2019 with the objective of both taking stock of existing data on the use of less-developed mountain regions and studying the feasibility of an approach involving field actors in the observation of the evolution of this use. This contribution is an opportunity to look back at this project and to show the challenges and difficulties linked to this deliberately collaborative approach, in particular by putting it into perspective with the French observation program “Refuges Sentinelles” (RS) (Sentinel Hut Program) from which it was inspired. More generally, it is also a question of examining the knowledge issues, for both research and field actors (hut keepers, mountain guides and leaders), linked to a collaborative research approach. The results in terms of data collected or issues identified (changes in visitor flows, the role of hut keepers, types of clientele, etc.) are not part of the subject of this contribution, even if they are mentioned from time to time in order to illustrate the topic.Our methodology is based on the final report of the participatory research-action project we conducted (Obin et al., 2020), on a student thesis on the feasibility of the Sentinel Hut program and of the approach to be implemented (Berthet, 2014), as well as on the minutes of various sessions and events related to this program. We supplemented these sources with a semi-structured interview conducted online in January 2021 with the scientific leader of this program, focusing specifically on the theme of the collaborative methodology utilised. more...

The Alps are particularly affected by the effects of climate change. The average temperature increase is twice as high as that observed at the global level (Beniston, 2012). Climate change is having a profound impact on tourism, sports and, more broadly, recreational activities in mountain regions. First of all, this concerns the rise in the rain-snow limit and the increasing scarcity of snow (Gonseth, 2013), leading ski lift companies to invest heavily in the production of artificial snow in order to sustain the activities of skiing and snowboarding (Abegg, 2011; Clivaz et al., 2015). However, climate change also has important repercussions for other sports and recreational pursuits in these regions, especially in summer (hiking, climbing, mountaineering, etc.). Observing the effects of climate change on recreational activities in less-developed mountain regions proves complex. In this context, an exploratory participatory research-action project, presented in this paper, was carried out in 2019 with the objective of both taking stock of existing data on the use of less-developed mountain regions and studying the feasibility of an approach involving field actors in the observation of the evolution of this use. This contribution is an opportunity to look back at this project and to show the challenges and difficulties linked to this deliberately collaborative approach, in particular by putting it into perspective with the French observation program “Refuges Sentinelles” (RS) (Sentinel Hut Program) from which it was inspired. More generally, it is also a question of examining the knowledge issues, for both research and field actors (hut keepers, mountain guides and leaders), linked to a collaborative research approach. The results in terms of data collected or issues identified (changes in visitor flows, the role of hut keepers, types of clientele, etc.) are not part of the subject of this contribution, even if they are mentioned from time to time in order to illustrate the topic.Our methodology is based on the final report of the participatory research-action project we conducted (Obin et al., 2020), on a student thesis on the feasibility of the Sentinel Hut program and of the approach to be implemented (Berthet, 2014), as well as on the minutes of various sessions and events related to this program. We supplemented these sources with a semi-structured interview conducted online in January 2021 with the scientific leader of this program, focusing specifically on the theme of the collaborative methodology utilised. more...

Rosenberg has recently argued that explanations supplied by (what he calls) “functional biology” are mere promissory notes for macromolecular adaptive explanations. Rosenberg's arguments currently constitute one of the most substantial challenges to the autonomy, irreducibility, and indispensability of the explanations supplied by functional biology. My responses to Rosenberg's arguments will generate a novel account of the autonomy of functional biology. This account will turn on the relations between counterfactuals, scientific explanations, and natural laws. Crucially, in their treatment of the laws' relation to counterfactuals, Rosenberg's arguments beg the question against the autonomy of functional biology. This relation is considerably more subtle than is suggested by familiar slogans such as “Laws support counterfactuals; accidents don't.” [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

The context of strong evolution and uncertainties that affects mountain resorts, in terms of climate, tourist and sports demand, or competition between resorts, leads them to lean more and more on innovation to renew their development trajectory. In this context, mountain resorts’ public and private actors design and use sports innovations (in terms of techniques, know-how or social organization) by integrating them into new strategies for diversifying tourism. More specifically, the objective pursued in this article aims on the one hand to understand the emergence of trail running infrastructures, as an innovation, in Swiss tourist territories, and on the other hand to discuss the innovative role, or not, of such infrastructures in the process of diversification of mountain tourism. more...

This article proposes a reading of the outdoor sport tourism market through the territory, especially by analyzing the constitution modes of its territorial resources. This contribution should allow the analyzis of the appearance of areas marked by the economics of outdoor sports tourism whose characteristics change, showing different characteristics between the tourist centers and outdoor sport peripheries. It will be based on the territorial complexity in such topics of the Ardèche department. The chosen methodology is due to analyze the co-construction of outdoor sports tourism territories and their territorial resources by territorial assets. For that, these assets will be quantified and analyzed in a comparative diagnosis. The territorial configurations that will be highlighted will glimpse the reasons for these differences in four areas in particular: public intervention, the common and local culture, economy of outdoor sports, the natural resource. more...

Direct numerical simulations (DNS) have become one of the most important tools to study turbulent combustion. Computation time is still a main limiting factor for the DNS of reacting flows, especially in the case of using detailed chemical mechanisms. The computation of the chemical source terms is one of the most time-consuming parts in such DNS. An adaptive evaluation of the chemical source terms is used in the presented DNS of turbulent diffusion flames. This leads to a decrease of the time needed for this part of the computation by more than a factor of five without any significant loss of accuracy of the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

We propose an epistemological formalization of political competence, defined as an aptitude or disposition to carry out political action, here linked to the environmental field, with a view to proposing a method of analysis of university curricula. It is a question of understanding the components of a political competence in university curricula and of evaluating the curricular morphologies in terms of constituent practices and contributory knowledge. more...

The entry of the contemporary world into the Anthropocene would impose on the world of education to participate in the changes under way in order to enable the public, in their cultural and geopolitical diversity, to meet the resulting challenges. It would be a question of putting the school at the service of societal transformation by means of a culture of commitment. In the French-speaking world, these educational changes take the form of "educations à", a set of educational pathways that target young people’s commitment and the development of competencies for sustainability. However, these educations are not in itself the source of a virtuous transformation of the School put at the service of that, just as virtuous, of a societal transformation : everything depends on the finalities retained. If we accept the principle of a commitment based on the free expression of individual and collective choices, then there is need to think about the conditions of possibility of such a project. This article aims to discuss on an epistemological and curricular level these conditions as "curriculum tags" to think about these educational pathways. more...

This contribution is a reflection on the educational purposes as conditions of possibility of a pedagogical-didactic synergy in the analysis and the elaboration of educational situations. This reflection focuses, then, on the possibility of socialization purposes in the management of situations in science education, scientific uncertainty education, eco-citizenship education and sustainable development education. This makes it possible to aim for the construction of a conceptual framework articulating learning moments linked to socialization in educational situations involving environmental and development issues. more...

Education for sustainable development is indicative of the pedagogical and didactic questions about the "educations for". Knowledge and values are stressed in their relation to action and commitment advocated by international and national recommendations. The article aims to clarify these articulations and tensions in their reciprocal relations, and to make clear the doctrines. It thus contributes to the elaboration of curricular benchmarks for this educational field and lays down the principles of a didactic of societal action in relation to educational purposes, those of a participatory democracy. more...

The article establishes the context of a new curricular construction, especially wich is the education for sustainable development (ESD). Building on a significant number of ESD research carried out in France, we establish a typology of postures of the researchers involved in this. This typology is constructed from a methodology based on occurrences of lexical frequencies of a bibliographic corpus coupled with a methodology of social representations of the researchers of this community. Six postures are built, which we named "acceptors", "descriptors / prescribers", "systemic", "controversy", "critical", "didactic". We postulate that these postures influence curriculum construction, questioning the social responsibility of educational researchers about an international political injunction. more...

Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) has been developed in recent years from a dual process of recommendation: the international incentive texts, and the national texts of guidance and prescription. They base their social legitimacy, specified in a recent French law (July 2013): it is a "moral and civic" education focused on stakes. For many authors, these societal issues, the objects of this education, require a global and complex approach opposed to an analytical, reductionist and scientist approach, or that they betray the ideal the acquisition of knowledge in favor of a utilitarian drift. It is these tensions that this article proposes to examine in some registers - epistemological, educational, curriculum and teaching - with a view to clarifying and overcoming them, especially by means of an approach, adapted to the compulsory education, the “multireferential” investigation of stakes. more...