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La production d'écrevisses de consommation en élevage contrôlé en est encore à ses débuts. L'examen de résultats obtenus en France avec l'espèce Astacus leptodactylus a permis de faire le point sur les possibilités offertes actuellement par cet élevage : élevage extensif ou semi extensif en étang, élevage intensif en bassins. L'approfondissement des connaissances scientifiques fragmentaires sur les ecrevisses est nécessaire pour parvenir à élaborer des méthodes rationnelles d'élevage.

Wen-Yang Li,1 Jean-Francois Masse,2 Simon Gakwaya,3 Zhenjin Zhao,4 Wei Wang,1,* Frédéric Sériès3,* 1Institute of Respiratory and Critical Care, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China; 2Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; 3Unité de Recherche en Pneumologie, Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; 4Institute of Orthodontics, The Stomatological Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Wei Wang, Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, People’s Republic of China, Tel: +86 83282532, Email wwbycmu@126.com Frédéric Sériès, Centre de recherche, IUCPQ, 2725 chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada, Email Frederic.Series@fmed.ulaval.caBackground: In-lab mandibular protrusive titration using a remotely controlled mandibular positioner (RCMP) could predict the success rate of mandibular advancement device (MAD) and reliably determine the Optimal Protrusive Position (OPP) for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients. The aim of this study was to compare MAD success rate using in-lab RCMP manual titration performed in Caucasian and Chinese OSA patients.Methods: Manual RCMP titration was performed during an in-lab sleep study using the same procedure that had been previously reported in untreated Caucasian and Chinese OSA patients. Success rate was determined according to classical success criteria or to those previously used for RCMP titration.Results: A total of 160 subjects were included in this study, and conclusive data were obtained from 141 (71 Chinese and 70 Caucasian OSA patients). Chinese patients were significantly younger, with lower BMI and more severe OSA disease than the Canadian counterparts. Among patients with predicted success, the OPP expressed in % of full protrusion position did not differ between the two ethnic groups. Chinese ethnicity, younger age and lower baseline AHI were significant determinants of RCMP success. In a multivariate analysis, only ethnicity and AHI were found to significantly account for success, the odds ratio for success in Chinese compared to Caucasians corrected for AHI being 3.7 and 4.6 depending on criteria used to define success.Conclusion: Although the OSA disease was more severe in Chinese patients, the predicted success rate of MAD according to RCMP titration was higher in Chinese than in Caucasians. This study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03231254).Keywords: obstructive sleep apnea, mandibular advancement device, remotely controlled mandibular positioner, optimal protrusive position

Silva, A., Skagen, D. W., Uriarte, A., Massé, J., Santos, M. B., Marques, V., Carrera, P., Beillois, P., Pestana, G., Porteiro, C., and Stratoudakis, Y. 2009. Geographic variability of sardine dynamics in the Iberian Biscay region. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 495–508.The spatio-temporal variability in the distribution, demographic structure, recruitment, and mortality of sardine within the Iberian Biscay region is described using area-disaggregated data collected during acoustic surveys and at ports since the mid-1980s. Multiple regression models were used to describe log numbers-at-age obtained annually in ten areas covered by three surveys to test the existence of geographic differences in selectivity-at-age, recruitment strength, and mortality and to infer plausible migration routes. Within Iberian waters, sardine biomass was mainly concentrated off western Portugal and the Gulf of Cadiz. In the Bay of Biscay, biomass levels were comparable with those off western Portugal. Recruitment was localized in a few areas (northern Portugal and the Gulf of Cadiz and Bay of Biscay), intermingling with areas dominated by older fish. Recruitment was generally asynchronous among areas, although some recruitment peaks were noticeable across wider regions. Spatial patterns related to strong and weak year classes and year-class slopes were also noted. Clearly distinct dynamics were not evidenced within the Atlanto–Iberian sardine stock area, but the validity of the northern limit was questioned by the connection between sardine dynamics in the Bay of Biscay and the Cantabrian Sea. The results provided some evidence consistent with the hypothesis of sardine movement from recruiting grounds to areas farther along the coast as they grow. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Acoustic surveys have been undertaken in different parts of the waters around Europe. In this paper we consider those taking place in NE Atlantic waters – off the NE Scottish coast, the Bay of Biscay and off the Spanish Atlantic coast – and in the Mediterranean Sea – the Catalonian Sea, the Gulf of Lion and the Aegean Sea. Retained school variables were: corrected school length (m), school height (m), school area (m2), school perimeter (m), school energy (Nautical area scattering coefficent, SA), school density (energy vs. area), school depth (m) and bottom-depth-under-school (m). STATIS (Structuration de Tableux a` Trois Indices de la Statisque), a multi-table analysis based on the Principal Component Analysis was used to analyse the correlation in different schools, parameters and intra- and interstock relationships. In all stocks, the first three axes extracted explained between 86.89% (Sete) and 91.84% (Aberdeen) of the total variance, because the annual variability present in the correlation structure of each stock is not widely dispersed. In all stocks, the first factorial axis was typified by the morphological variables (school length, school height, school area and school perimeter), which showed a very clear pattern with all of them being closely related. There were major differences between all stocks in regard to the general correlation relationship of the energetic variables analysed i.e. school energy and school density. Energy and density showed less variability than the morphological variables in all stocks with the exception of one survey. There were some differences between stocks in relation to the correlation of bathymetric variables. In all cases, school density and, to a lesser extent, school energy were opposed to the bathymetric variables, so that schools with higher densities would be located near the surface and in shallower areas. A complete analysis of all the surveys of each stock showed a homogeneous pattern which was very similar to most of the stocks considered separately. All morphological variables are well grouped and show a strong positive correlation. In general, therefore, all the schools analysed increased and decreased equally in all their dimensions. Both bathymetric variables are strongly correlated. Copyright 2003 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Small pelagic fish are known to aggregate into schools and clusters of schools. It is commonly assumed that the number of such schools and clusters, as well as their size and densities, will vary with the stock abundance. We have carried out a PCA based meta-analysis, using series of acoustic survey data from five different locations in Europe to examine this assumption. The study concluded that there was no discernible relationship between stock abundance and the number of schools seen, or on the clustering of those schools. The study also showed that the number and structure of the school clusters was strongly correlated with the number of schools seen. An increased number of schools in an area tended to be linked with denser clusters (more schools per kilometre) and a higher occupation of the survey area by those clusters. There was also a weaker tendency to find more clusters. It is not clear whether these relationships and the absence of a link to abundance are due to density independence in aggregation patterns or whether such density dependence is only functional at relatively low stock abundance levels. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Objective: To evaluate the clinical performance of the Glucometer Elite XL Diabetes Care System in neonatal settings using a multicenter studyResearch Design and Methods: A total of 388 blood specimens from 333 neonates were included in the study. A capillary or arterial sample was analyzed for determination of glucose with the Glucometer Elite XL system by an attending trained nurse. Through the same sampling site, a specimen was collected and sent to the laboratory for measurement of plasma glucose, bilirubin, and hematocrit.Results: The regression analysis between the results of the Glucometer Elite XL system and comparative methods resulted in the following: Glucometer Elite XL meter = 1.01 x laboratory method + 0.02 mmol/l (n = 388). For the 1.1-4.0 mmol/l plasma glucose range, the regression was Glucometer Elite XL meter = 1.07 x laboratory method + 0.12 mmol/l (n = 150). A difference plot indicated a mean bias of 0.04 mmol/l (95% CI -0.01 to 0.10). No relationship was found between meter glucose biases and hematocrit levels (r = 0.10, P = 0.14). Although a statistically significant correlation existed between bilirubin levels and the glucose meter biases (r = 0.14, P = 0.005), the predicted mean biases were of little clinical significance.Conclusions: The Glucometer Elite XL system showed a good performance when used in neonatal settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A research programme was carried out in French Polynesia to study tuna behaviour using acoustics and fishing experiments. Acoustics are of great importance for the study of tuna behaviour and estimation of abundance but estimates of individual target strength that are available are particularly inaccurate. In this study, four yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) and two bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) of weight 4–50 kg were individually caught, identified, and equipped with ultrasonic tags for telemetry experiments. While tracking the fish, simultaneous underwater acoustic data were recorded with a split-beam echosounder in order to estimate their in situ acoustic target strength. It was observed that target strength was stronger when fish were diving than when they were ascending toward the surface. This can be explained by the tilt angle orientation of the swimbladder. A target strength bias according to depth was also observed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess prospectively the urinary excretion of renal and systemic metabolites of thromboxane and prostacyclin in normotensive and chronic hypertensive pregnancies.Study Design: Pregnant hospital employees were invited to collect 24-hour urine samples weekly from the seventh week until delivery. Concentrations of renal metabolites (thromboxane B2, 6-keto-prostaglandin F1alpha) were measured by radioimmunoassay after extraction. Systemic metabolites (2,3-dinor-thromboxane B2, 2,3-dinor-6-keto-prostaglandin F1alpha) were assessed by enzyme immunoassay after extraction and high-pressure liquid chromatographic separation.Results: Thromboxane B2 excretion was similar in normotensive and hypertensive pregnancies, whereas a twofold increase of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1alpha was observed in hypertensive compared with normotensive pregnancies (7537 +/- 349 vs 3857 +/- 202 pg/mg creatinine, p < 0.001). During pregnancy in both conditions measurements displayed uniform excretion of thromboxane B2 with progressively increased levels of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1alpha in chronic hypertension (R2 = 0.60, p < 0.005). Mean excretion of 2,3-dinor-thromboxane B2 averaged 1208 +/- 65 and 898 +/- 48 pg/mg creatinine in normotensive and hypertensive pregnancies (p < 0.001), mainly due to significant decreased concentrations in hypertension in the first half of pregnancy. Conversely, 2,3-dinor-6-keto-prostaglandin F1alpha levels were 845 +/- 39 and 1226 +/- 67 pg/mg creatinine in normotensive and hypertensive pregnancies (p < 0.001), mostly because of significantly increased production in hypertension from 22 weeks onward. Ratios of both renal and systemic metabolites favored increased prostacyclin production in chronic hypertension.Conclusion: In contrast to preeclampsia, uncomplicated mild to moderate chronic hypertensive pregnancies are characterized by an excess production of prostacyclin with unaltered or even lower thromboxane concentrations, which may contribute to the general favorable outcome of this hypertensive condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Une étude quantitative de la prédation par des oiseaux piscivores, le Héron Cendré (Ardea cinerea) et le Grand Cormoran (Phalacrocorax carbo) a été réalisée dans un bassin (2 ha) situé dans un vaste ensemble de réservoirs à poissons (140 ha en eau saumâtre) du littoral atlantique. Deux enclos, l'un protégé de la prédation par des filets et des fils (0,3 ha), l'autre accessible aux oiseaux (0,9 ha), ont été empoissonnés avec des Mulets (Chelon labrosus et Liza ramada). L'observation régulière des oiseaux a permis de constater dans les jours suivant l'empoissonnement une concentration spectaculaire mais brève des prédateurs, hérons et cormorans se partageant respectivement les zones peu profondes et profondes de l'enclos non protégé. Le dénombrement des poissons après trois semaines d'expérimentation a montré un épuisement total du stock de poissons. Les caractéristiques essentielles de la prédation sont la rapidité d'intervention des piscivores et la faible part des prélèvements par le héron (3 % du stock initial), malgré un taux de succès élevé (nombre de prises/nombre d'attaques). La prédation par le cormoran n'a pu être dissociée de la mortalité indirectement due aux prédateurs. Cependant, il est vraisemblable que ce prédateur soit à l'origine d'une grande part de la mortalité correspondante, évaluée entre 64 et 97 % du stock initial. L'importance de cette prédation s'explique par la fréquentation et l'intensité de la pêche (nombre d'attaques par minute) plus élevées que chez le héron.

Comparison of oxygen and carbon isotope and manganese evolution curves in bulk carbonate from the historical Bedoulian stratotype (Cassis-La Bédoule area, Provence, France) reveals an important geochemical event (negative δ¹³C and high Mn content) located within the D. deshayesi ammonite Zone and at the base of the R. hambrowi ammonite Subzone. This worldwide event, which can be observed in environments ranging from the fluvial to the pelagic realm (Selli/Goguel level), seems to be related to methane hydrate destabilization. Scenarios for manganese, carbon and oxygen evolutions are proposed for early Bedoulian oxic conditions and for dysoxic/anoxic conditions related to methane hydrate destabilization at the early/late Bedoulian transition. The impacts of this global event on the biosphere (nannoconid crisis) and its stratigraphic implications are considered. Comparison of geochemical and biostratigraphical data from the Cassis-La Bédoule stratotype with that of the Cismon-Apticore reference borehole shows that the La Bedoule sequence records geochemical evolution during the Goguel/Selli Event in more detail than that of any other previously published section.

Abstract Background Recent literature states that many necessary skills of CPR and first aid are forgotten shortly after certification. The purpose of this study was to determine the skill and knowledge decay in first aid in those who are paid to respond to emergency situations within a workplace. Methods Using a choking victim scenario, the sequence and accuracy of events were observed and recorded in 257 participants paid to act as first responders in large industrial or service industry settings. A multiple choice exam was also written to determine knowledge retention. Results First aid knowledge was higher in those who were trained at a higher level, and did not significantly decline over time. Those who had renewed their certificate one or more times performed better than those who had learned the information only once. During the choking scenario many skills were performed poorly, regardless of days since last training, such as hand placement and abdominal thrusts. Compressions following the victim becoming unconscious also showed classic signs of skill deterioration after 30 days. Conclusions As many skills deteriorate rapidly over the course of the first 90 days, changing frequency of certification is not necessarily the most obvious choice to increase retention of skill and knowledge. Alternatively, methods of regularly "refreshing" a skill should be explored that could be delivered at a high frequency - such as every 90 days.