21 results on '"McCarthy, Siobhán"'
Search Results
2. Whole genome sequencing of resistance and virulence genes in multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Author
-
Almaghrabi, Reem S., Macori, Guerrino, Sheridan, Fionn, McCarthy, Siobhan C., Floss-Jones, Alexander, Fanning, Séamus, Althawadi, Sahar, Mutabagani, Maysoon, Binsaslloum, Abdulaziz, Alrasheed, Mai, Almohaizeie, Abdullah, Allehyani, Batol, Alghofaili, Alnajla, Bohol, Marie F., and Al-Qahtani, Ahmed A.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. The care and keeping of clinicians in quality improvement.
- Author
-
Shaikh, Ulfat, Lachman, Peter, Padovani, Andrew J, and McCarthy, SiobhÁn E
- Subjects
education ,healthcare system ,human resources ,leadership ,needs assessment ,organization science ,quality culture ,quality improvement ,quality management ,teamwork ,training ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Psychology and Cognitive Sciences ,Health Policy & Services - Abstract
ObjectiveAlthough frontline clinicians are crucial in implementing and spreading innovations, their engagement in quality improvement remains suboptimal. Our goal was to identify facilitators and barriers to the development and engagement of clinicians in quality improvement.DesignA 25-item questionnaire informed by theoretical frameworks was developed, tested and disseminated by email.SettingsMembers and fellows of the International Society for Quality in Healthcare.Participants1010 eligible participants (380 fellows and 647 members).InterventionsNone.Main outcome measuresSelf-efficacy and effectiveness in conducting and leading quality improvement activities.ResultsWe received 212 responses from 50 countries, a response rate of 21%. Dedicated time for quality improvement, mentorship and coaching and a professional quality improvement network were significantly related to higher self-efficacy. Factors enhancing effectiveness were dedicated time for quality improvement, multidisciplinary improvement teams, professional development in quality improvement, ability to select areas for improvement and organizational values and culture. Inadequate time, mentorship, organizational support and access to professional development resources were key barriers. Personal strengths contributing to effectiveness were the ability to identify problems that need to be fixed, reflecting on and learning from experiences and facilitating sharing of ideas. Key quality improvement implementation challenges were adopting new payment models, demonstrating the business case for quality and safety and building a culture of accountability and transparency.ConclusionsOur findings highlight areas that organizations and professional development programs should focus on to promote clinician development and engagement in quality improvement. Barriers related to training, time, mentorship, organizational support and implementation must be concurrently addressed to augment the effectiveness of other approaches.
- Published
- 2020
4. Altered Skin and Gut Microbiome in Hidradenitis Suppurativa
- Author
-
McCarthy, Siobhán, Barrett, Maurice, Kirthi, Shivashini, Pellanda, Paola, Vlckova, Klara, Tobin, Anne-Marie, Murphy, Michelle, Shanahan, Fergus, and O’Toole, Paul W.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Differential association of CD68+ and CD163+ macrophages with macrophage enzymes, whole tumour gene expression and overall survival in advanced melanoma
- Author
-
Tremble, Liam Friel, McCabe, Mark, Walker, Sidney P., McCarthy, Siobhán, Tynan, Réiltín F., Beecher, Suzanne, Werner, Réiltín, Clover, A. James P., Power, X. Derek G., Forde, Patrick F., and Heffron, Cynthia C. B. B.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Sharing best practice
- Author
-
Reddy, William and McCarthy, Siobhán
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Prevalence and Whole-Genome Sequence-Based Analysis of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Isolates from the Recto-Anal Junction of Slaughter-Age Irish Sheep.
- Author
-
McCarthy, Siobhán C., Macori, Guerrino, Duggan, Gina, Burgess, Catherine M., Fanning, Séamus, and Duffy, Geraldine
- Subjects
- *
ESCHERICHIA coli , *GENETIC variation , *SHEEP , *NUCLEOTIDE sequencing , *PATHOGENIC bacteria , *BLUETONGUE virus - Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) organisms are a diverse group of pathogenic bacteria capable of causing serious human illness, and serogroups O157 and O26 are frequently implicated in human disease. Ruminant hosts are the primary STEC reservoir, and small ruminants are important contributors to STEC transmission. This study investigated the prevalence, serotypes, and shedding dynamics of STEC, including the supershedding of serogroups O157 and O26, in Irish sheep. Recto-anal mucosal swab samples (n = 840) were collected over 24 months from two ovine slaughtering facilities. Samples were plated on selective agars and were quantitatively and qualitatively assessed via real-time PCR (RT-PCR) for Shiga toxin prevalence and serogroup. A subset of STEC isolates (n = 199) were selected for whole-genome sequencing and analyzed in silico. In total, 704/840 (83.8%) swab samples were Shiga toxin positive following RT-PCR screening, and 363/704 (51.6%) animals were subsequently culture positive for STEC. Five animals were shedding STEC O157, and three of these were identified as supershedders. No STEC O26 was isolated. Post hoc statistical analysis showed that younger animals are more likely to harbor STEC and that STEC carriage is most prevalent during the summer months. Following sequencing, 178/199 genomes were confirmed as STEC. Thirty-five different serotypes were identified, 15 of which were not yet reported for sheep. Serotype O91:H14 was the most frequently reported. Eight Shiga toxin gene variants were reported, two stx1 and six stx2, and three novel Shiga-toxin subunit combinations were observed. Variant stx1c was the most prevalent, while many strains also harbored stx2b. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Effect of after action review on safety culture and second victim experience and its implementation in an Irish hospital: A mixed methods study protocol.
- Author
-
McCarthy, Siobhán E., Keane, Theresa, Walsh, Aisling, Mellon, Lisa, Williams, David J., Jenkins, Loretta, Hogan, Catherine, Stuart, Cornelia, and Rafter, Natasha
- Subjects
- *
RESEARCH protocols , *VICTIMS , *PUBLIC hospitals , *HOSPITAL surveys , *FACILITATED learning , *HOSPITALS - Abstract
Background: After Action Review is a form of facilitated team learning and review of events. The methodology originated in the United States Army and forms part of the Incident Management Framework in the Irish Health Services. After Action Review has been hypothesized to improve safety culture and the effect of patient safety events on staff (second victim experience) in health care settings. Yet little direct evidence exists to support this and its implementation has not been studied. Aim: To investigate the effect of After Action Review on safety culture and second victim experience and to examine After Action Review implementation in a hospital setting. Methods: A mixed methods study will be conducted at an Irish hospital. To assess the effect on safety culture and second victim experience, hospital staff will complete surveys before and twelve months after the introduction of After Action Review to the hospital (Hospital Survey on Safety Culture 2.0 and Second Victim Experience and Support Tool). Approximately one in twelve staff will be trained as After Action Review Facilitators using a simulation based training programme. Six months after the After Action Review training, focus groups will be conducted with a stratified random sample of the trained facilitators. These will explore enablers and barriers to implementation using the Theoretical Domains Framework. At twelve months, information will be collected from the trained facilitators and the hospital to establish the quality and resource implications of implementing After Action Review. Discussion: The results of the study will directly inform local hospital decision-making and national and international approaches to incorporating After Action Review in hospitals and other healthcare settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Economic determinants of private afforestation in the Republic of Ireland
- Author
-
McCarthy, Siobhan, Matthews, Alan, and Riordan, Brendan
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. An Overview of Shiga-Toxin Producing Escherichia coli Carriage and Prevalence in the Ovine Meat Production Chain.
- Author
-
McCarthy, Siobhán C., Burgess, Catherine M., Fanning, Séamus, and Duffy, Geraldine
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Differential association of CD68+ and CD163+ macrophages with macrophage enzymes, whole tumour gene expression and overall survival in advanced melanoma.
- Author
-
Tremble, Liam Friel, McCabe, Mark, Walker, Sidney P., McCarthy, Siobhán, Tynan, Réiltín F., Beecher, Suzanne, Werner, Réiltín, Clover, A. James P., Power, X. Derek G., Forde, Patrick F., and Heffron, Cynthia C. B. B.
- Abstract
Background: The density and phenotype of tumour-associated macrophages have been linked with prognosis in a range of solid tumours. While there is strong preclinical evidence that tumour-associated macrophages promote aspects of tumour progression, it can be challenging to infer clinical activity from surface markers and ex vivo behaviour. We investigated the association of macrophage infiltration with prognosis and functional changes in the tumour microenvironment in primary human melanoma.Methods: Fifty-seven formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded primary melanomas were analysed by immunohistochemical analysis of CD68, CD163, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and arginase expression. RNA sequencing was performed on serial sections of 20 of the stained tumours to determine the influence of macrophage infiltration on gene expression.Results: CD68+ cells are a functionally active subset of macrophages that are associated with increased iNOS and arginase staining and altered gene expression. In comparison, while there is a greater accumulation of CD163+ macrophages in larger tumours, these cells are comparatively inactive, with no association with the level of iNOS or arginase staining, and no effect on gene expression within the tumour. The infiltration of either subset of macrophages did not correlate to overall survival.Conclusions: Thus, melanomas contain distinct macrophage populations with diverse phenotypes, but with no observable prognostic role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. 32514 Primary cutaneous marginal zone B-cell lymphoma involution with anetoderma.
- Author
-
Haqiqi, Ala, McCarthy, Siobhán, and Therianou, Anastasia
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. A follow‐up study of patients with natural rubber latex allergy.
- Author
-
Dhonncha, Eilis N., McCarthy, Siobhán, Roche, Lisa, Gallagher, John, and Bourke, John F.
- Subjects
- *
RUBBER , *URTICARIA , *LATEX , *ALLERGIES , *MEDICAL personnel , *LATEX gloves - Abstract
In summary, we report a follow-up study of a small cohort of latex-allergic patients, and demonstrate a proportion of patients whose investigations no longer indicate latex allergy following a period of allergen avoidance. Keywords: contact urticaria; occupational; rubber chemicals EN contact urticaria occupational rubber chemicals 451 452 2 05/06/21 20210601 NES 210601 Natural rubber latex (NRL) allergy is an important occupational health concern, particularly among healthcare professionals (HCPs). Half of the patients (n = 10) had changed occupation since diagnosis, but only three patients reported latex allergy as the reason for change. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Investigation of the Causes of Shigatoxigenic Escherichia coli PCR Positive and Culture Negative Samples.
- Author
-
Macori, Guerrino, McCarthy, Siobhán C., Burgess, Catherine M., Fanning, Séamus, and Duffy, Geraldine
- Subjects
BACTERIOPHAGES ,POLYMERASE chain reaction ,ESCHERICHIA coli ,CHROMOSOMES - Abstract
Molecular methods may reveal the presence of pathogens in samples through the detection of specific target gene(s) associated with microorganisms, but often, the subsequent cultural isolation of the pathogen is not possible. This discrepancy may be related to low concentration of the cells, presence of dead cells, competitive microflora, injured cells and cells in a viable but non-culturable state, free DNA and the presence of free bacteriophages which can carry the target gene causing the PCR-positive/culture-negative results. Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) was used as a model for studying this phenomenon, based on the phage-encoded cytotoxins genes (Stx family) as the detection target in samples through real-time qPCR. Stx phages can be integrated in the STEC chromosome or can be isolated as free particles in the environment. In this study, a combination of PCR with culturing was used for investigating the presence of the stx1 and stx2 genes in 155 ovine recto-anal junction swab samples (method (a)-PCR). Samples which were PCR-positive and culture-negative were subjected to additional analyses including detection of dead STEC cells (method (b)-PCR-PMA dye assay), presence of Stx phages (method (c)-plaque assays) and inducible integrated phages (method (d)-phage induction). Method (a) showed that even though 121 samples gave a PCR-positive result (78%), only 68 samples yielded a culturable isolate (43.9%). Among the 53 (34.2%) PCR-positive/culture-negative samples, 21 (39.6%) samples were shown to have STEC dead cells only, eight (15.1%) had a combination of dead cells and inducible stx phage, while two samples (3.8%) had a combination of dead cells, inducible phage and free stx phage, and a further two samples had Stx1 free phages only (3.8%). It was thus possible to reduce the samples with no explanation to 20 (37.7% of 53 samples), representing a further step towards an improved understanding of the STEC PCR-positive/culture-negative phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. A quantitative real time PCR assay to detect and enumerate Escherichia coli O157 and O26 serogroups in sheep recto-anal swabs.
- Author
-
Macori, Guerrino, McCarthy, Siobhán C., Burgess, Catherine M., Fanning, Séamus, and Duffy, Geraldine
- Subjects
- *
ESCHERICHIA coli O157:H7 , *SHEEP , *POLYMERASE chain reaction , *LEPTOSPIRA interrogans , *BUNYAVIRUSES - Abstract
A quantitative PCR method is described for the detection and quantification of E. coli O157 and O26 in sheep recto-anal junction swabs. The method incorporated a short enrichment step (5 h) and the use of a developed standard calibration curve relating the real time PCR cycle threshold (Ct) values to the initial concentration of pathogen in the sheep sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Intrusive memories and depression in cancer patients
- Author
-
Brewin, Chris R., Watson, Maggie, McCarthy, Siobhan, Hyman, Philippa, and Dayson, David
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Hybrid genome assemblies of four Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains containing a complete locus of enterocyte effacement and an O-Island 122.
- Author
-
McCarthy SC, Macori G, Burgess CM, Duffy G, and Fanning S
- Abstract
This study describes the hybrid genome assemblies of four Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains isolated from the recto-anal junction of slaughter-age Irish sheep. In silico serotyping and genome analysis determined that each of the strains harbored a Shiga-toxin subtype, a complete locus of enterocyte effacement, and a rare O-island 122., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Videos of simulated after action reviews: a training resource to support social and inclusive learning from patient safety events.
- Author
-
McCarthy SE, Hogan C, Jenkins L, Schwanberg L, Williams DJ, Mellon L, Walsh A, Keane T, and Rafter N
- Subjects
- Humans, Clinical Competence, Delivery of Health Care, Pandemics prevention & control, COVID-19, Patient Safety
- Abstract
Innovation in the education and training of healthcare staff is required to support complementary approaches to learning from patient safety and everyday events in healthcare. Debriefing is a commonly used learning tool in healthcare education but not in clinical practice. Little is known about how to implement debriefing as an approach to safety learning across a health system. After action review (AAR) is a debriefing approach designed to help groups come to a shared mental model about what happened, why it happened and to identify learning and improvement. This paper describes a digital-based implementation strategy adapted to the Irish healthcare system to promote AAR uptake. The digital strategy aims to assist implementation of national level incident management policies and was collaboratively developed by the RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences and the National Quality and Patient Safety Directorate of the Health Service Executive. During the COVID-19 pandemic, a well-established in-person AAR training programme was disrupted and this led to the development of a series of open access videos on AAR facilitation skills (which accompany the online version of this paper). These provide: (1) an introduction to the AAR facilitation process; (2) a simulation of a facilitated formal AAR; (3) techniques for handling challenging situations that may arise in an AAR and a (4) reflection on the benefits of the AAR process. These have the potential to be used widely to support learning from patient safety and everyday events including excellent care., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. 'What effect do safety culture interventions have on health care workers in hospital settings?' A systematic review of the international literature.
- Author
-
Finn M, Mellon L, Walsh A, O'Brien N, Williams DJ, Rafter N, and McCarthy SE
- Abstract
Introduction : Interventions designed to improve safety culture in hospitals foster organisational environments that prevent patient safety events and support organisational and staff learning when events do occur. A safety culture supports the required health workforce behaviours and norms that enable safe patient care, and the well-being of patients and staff. The impact of safety culture interventions on staff perceptions of safety culture and patient outcomes has been established. To-date, however, there is no common understanding of what staff outcomes are associated with interventions to improve safety culture and what staff outcomes should be measured. Objectives : The study seeks to examine the effect of safety culture interventions on staff in hospital settings, globally. Methods and Analysis : A mixed methods systematic review will be conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Searches will be conducted using the electronic databases of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Health Business Elite, and Scopus. Returns will be screened in Covidence according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The mixed-methods appraisal tool (MMAT) will be used as a quality assessment tool. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials and non-randomised studies of interventions will be employed to verify bias. Synthesis will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute methodological guidance for mixed methods reviews, which recommends a convergent approach to synthesis and integration. Discussion : This systematic review will contribute to the international evidence on how interventions to improve safety culture may support staff outcomes and how such interventions may be appropriately designed and implemented., Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed., (Copyright: © 2022 Finn M et al.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Inactivation and Recovery of High Quality RNA From Positive SARS-CoV-2 Rapid Antigen Tests Suitable for Whole Virus Genome Sequencing.
- Author
-
Macori G, Russell T, Barry G, McCarthy SC, Koolman L, Wall P, Sammin D, Mulcahy G, and Fanning S
- Subjects
- Genome, Viral, Humans, RNA, Viral genetics, COVID-19 diagnosis, SARS-CoV-2 genetics
- Abstract
The diagnostic protocol currently used globally to identify Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is RT-qPCR. The spread of these infections and the epidemiological imperative to describe variation across the virus genome have highlighted the importance of sequencing. SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen diagnostic tests (RADTs) are designed to detect viral nucleocapsid protein with positive results suggestive of the presence of replicating virus and potential infectivity. In this study, we developed a protocol for recovering SARS-CoV-2 RNA from "spent" RADT devices of sufficient quality that can be used directly for whole virus genome sequencing. The experimental protocol included the spiking of RADTs at different concentrations with viable SARS-CoV-2 variant Alpha (lineage B.1.1.7), lysis for direct use or storage. The lysed suspensions were used for RNA extraction and RT-qPCR. In parallel, we also tested the stability of the viral RNA in the RADTs and the RNA extracted from the RADTs was used as a template for tiling-PCR and whole virus genome sequencing. RNA recovered from RADTs spiked with SARS-CoV-2 was detected through RT-qPCR with C
t values suitable for sequencing and the recovery from RADTs was confirmed after 7 days of storage at both 4 and 20°C. The genomic sequences obtained at each time-point aligned to the strain used for the spiking, demonstrating that sufficient SARS-CoV-2 viral genome can be readily recovered from positive-RADT devices in which the virus has been safely inactivated and genomically conserved. This protocol was applied to obtain whole virus genome sequence from RADTs ran in the field where the omicron variant was detected. The study demonstrated that viral particles of SARS-CoV-2 suitable for whole virus genome sequencing can be recovered from positive spent RADTs, extending their diagnostic utility, as a risk management tool and for epidemiology studies. In large deployment of the RADTs, positive devices could be safely stored and used as a template for sequencing allowing the rapid identification of circulating variants and to trace the source and spread of outbreaks within communities and guaranteeing public health., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Macori, Russell, Barry, McCarthy, Koolman, Wall, Sammin, Mulcahy and Fanning.)- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Reporting standards, outcomes and costs of quality improvement studies in Ireland: a scoping review.
- Author
-
McCarthy SE, Jabakhanji SB, Martin J, Flynn MA, and Sørensen J
- Subjects
- Costs and Cost Analysis, Humans, Ireland, Delivery of Health Care, Quality Improvement
- Abstract
Objectives: To profile the aims and characteristics of quality improvement (QI) initiatives conducted in Ireland, to review the quality of their reporting and to assess outcomes and costs., Design: Scoping review., Data Sources: Systematic searches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Google Scholar, Lenus and rian.ie. Two researchers independently screened abstracts (n=379) and separately reviewed 43 studies identified for inclusion using a 70-item critique tool. The tool was based on the Quality Improvement Minimum Quality Criteria Set (QI-MQCS), an appraisal instrument for QI intervention publications, and health economics reporting criteria. After reaching consensus, the final dataset was analysed using descriptive statistics. To support interpretations, findings were presented at a national stakeholder workshop., Eligibility Criteria: QI studies implemented and evaluated in Ireland and published between January 2015 and April 2020., Results: The 43 studies represented various QI interventions. Most studies were peer-reviewed publications (n=37), conducted in hospitals (n=38). Studies mainly aimed to improve the 'effectiveness' (65%), 'efficiency' (53%), 'timeliness' (47%) and 'safety' (44%) of care. Fewer aimed to improve 'patient-centredness' (30%), 'value for money' (23%) or 'staff well-being' (9%). No study aimed to increase 'equity'. Seventy per cent of studies described 14 of 16 QI-MQCS dimensions. Least often studies reported the 'penetration/reach' of an initiative and only 35% reported health outcomes. While 53% of studies expressed awareness of costs, only eight provided at least one quantifiable figure for costs or savings. No studies assessed the cost-effectiveness of the QI., Conclusion: Irish QI studies included in our review demonstrate varied aims and high reporting standards. Strategies are needed to support greater stimulation and dissemination of QI beyond the hospital sector and awareness of equity issues as QI work. Systematic measurement and reporting of costs and outcomes can be facilitated by integrating principles of health economics in QI education and guidelines., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.