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Psychological verbs, especially Object Experiencer verbs, are widely discussed in the linguistic literature because of their peculiar syntactic and semantic properties. Two main issues regarding Object-Experiencer verbs are often raised: their aspectual nature and an alternation process (with the experiencer in subject position). This article analyzes Brazilian Portuguese Object Experiencer verbs, focusing on these issues. Based on a study of 170 verbs, we claim that Object Experiencer verbs constitute a verb class whose members describe a complex stage-level state in which a stimulus state activates (in a causative relation) a mental state in an experiencer. In addition, we argue that Object-Experiencer verbs appear in an inverse form: the experiencer as subject, and the stimulus as oblique. We claim that such an inverse form does not result from the causative alternation. In the inverse structure, different from an inchoative form of a change-of-state verb, both arguments are strongly preferable, and the verbs still denote a stative situation. We also provide a representation for the event structure of those verbs, using predicate decomposition, that is associated with their syntactic properties.

Code annotations are used mainly in modern Java software, and their primary purpose is to configure metadata into programmable elements such as methods and classes. The Annotation Sniffer is a stable tool that analyses Java source code and generates a JSON report with code annotations metrics values. In other words, it measures metadata configuration in the Java source file. The Annotation Visualizer is a tool built as a web application to render the visualization using this report as input. In this work, we developed a tool that integrates the Annotation Visualizer as a plugin for the IntelliJ IDEA, a popular Java IDE. This integration allows developers to visualize their current project opened in the IDE without switching to an external environment. With an IDE plugin, developers can potentially benefit from the visualization and the metrics values it can display. Furthermore, IDEs have a marketplace that eases obtaining the tool and increases the probability that the developers might use it.

Isandra Meirelles,* Carlos Magliano* Health Technology Assessment Unit, Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Isandra Meirelles Email isandrameirelles@gmail.comIntroduction: The different alternatives for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment can increase survival but cause important adverse events. Therefore, patients’ preference can play a critical role in decision-making. Among stated preference methods, discrete choice experiment (DCE) is the most applied in health care to elicit preferences. This research aims to elicit patients’ preference evaluating the trade-off between the risks (adverse events) and benefits (survival) of systemic treatments, from the perspective of Brazilian patients with locally advanced, metastatic or recurrent NSCLC.Methods: A DCE was performed following the steps of attributes selection; construction of tasks and respondents’ preference elicitation. Patients chose between 2 hypothetical treatments described by the attributes tiredness, hair loss, skin rash, hospitalization, administration mode and survival. A paper-and-pencil survey method was used to elicit the answers from the participants. The statistical data analysis used a mixed logit model to predict the relative importance of the attributes.Results: Most of the 65 patients interviewed were men (53.8%), mean age of 65 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 63– 67) years and lung cancer stage IV (67.7%). Except for hospitalization and administration mode, the attributes coefficients were statistically significant (p < 0.005) for patients’ preferences. Patients would require a minimum survival gain of 11.72 (CI: 10.28– 4.22) months and 19.72 (CI: 17.31‐7.09) months to accept a treatment that causes severe tiredness and severe skin rash, respectively. The market share of the treatments was calculated according to the DCE aggregate-level estimation, considering the impact of each treatment’s side effects. Paclitaxel plus carboplatin had an estimated market share of 31%, followed by gefitinib (27%), erlotinib (24%) and docetaxel (18%).Conclusion: In general, less than a year of survival gain would not suffice for the appearance of severe skin rash or tiredness.Keywords: non-small-cell lung cancer, patient preference

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar a emergência do jornal O Espelho no processo de consolidação da imprensa no Rio de Janeiro e refletir acerca da importância da figura de seu redator – Manuel Ferreira de Araújo Guimarães – dentro da consolidação de um processo histórico mais amplo: a construção do seu lugar de homem de letras, que se auto intitulava o representante por excelência da formação de uma opinião pública ilustrada, responsável por colocar a púbico os principais debates políticos acerca do processo de independência do Brasil, ocorrido de 1821 a 1823. Dentro dessa perspectiva o artigo enfoca os momentos iniciais da circulação desse periódico – entre os meses de outubro de 1821 e janeiro de 1822 – período no qual o redator estruturou a linha editorial do jornal, que garantia espaço de fala e reflexão para dois atores políticos fundamentais no processo de independência do Brasil: o então Príncipe Regente D. Pedro e seu ministro José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva. Pensaremos, portanto, a relevância política da arquitetura do discurso desse periódico em meio à guerra das penas ocorrida no mundo luso-brasileiro nos dois lados do Atlântico, que foi pensado para ser reconhecido pela elite ilustrada como a principal referência de credibilidade jornalística da Corte, uma vez que tinha à frente Manuel Ferreira de Araújo Guimarães, o mais experiente homem de imprensa da época da independência

Helena Debiazi Zomer,1,2 Kelly CS Roballo,2 Thais Borges Lessa,2 Fabiana Fernandes Bressan,2 Natália Nardeli Gonçalves,2 Flávio Vieira Meirelles,2,3 Andrea Gonçalves Trentin,1 Carlos Eduardo Ambrósio2,3 1Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetic, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Santa Catarina Federal University (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil; 2Department of Surgery, Sector Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; 3Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil Introduction: Owing to their similarity with humans, rabbits are useful for multiple applications in biotechnology and translational research from basic to preclinical studies. In this sense, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known for their therapeutic potential and promising future in regenerative medicine. As many studies have been using rabbit adipose-derived MSCs (ASCs) as a model of human ASCs (hASCs), it is fundamental to compare their characteristics and understand how distinct features could affect the translation to human medicine.Objective: The aim of this study was to comparatively characterize rabbit ASCs (rASCs) and hASCs to further uses in biotechnology and translational studies.Materials and methods: rASCs and hASCs were isolated and characterized by their immunophenotype, differentiation potential, proliferative profile, and nuclear stability in vitro.Results and discussion: Both ASCs presented differentiation potential to osteocytes, chondrocytes, and adipocytes and shared similar immunophenotype expression to CD105+, CD34–, and CD45–, but rabbit cells expressed significantly lower CD73 and CD90 than human cells. In addition, rASCs presented greater clonogenic potential and proliferation rate than hASCs but no difference in nuclear alterations.Conclusion: The distinct features of rASCs and hASCs can positively or negatively affect their use for different applications in biotechnology (such as cell reprogramming) and translational studies (such as cell transplantation, tissue engineering, and pharmacokinetics). Nevertheless, the particularities between rabbit and human MSCs should not prevent rabbit use in preclinical models, but care should be taken to interpret results and properly translate animal findings to medicine.Keywords: characterization, comparison, MSC, iPS, immunophenotype, proliferation

Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) has become increasingly prominent in the public sector and in educational organizations. A policy for educational management based on EO has dimensions related to innovation, proactiveness, and risk-taking, which are preceded by organizational characteristics such as management support, discretion/autonomy, rewards/recognition, organizational boundaries, and time availability. The objective of this study is to analyze the organizational characteristics that influence EO in Municipal Centers for Early Childhood Education ("Centros Municipais de Educação Infantil--CEMEIs") in Brazil. The study was conducted in a town in the state of Minas Gerais and involved 15 CEMEIs, applying questionnaires to education professionals as coordinators, monitors, and teachers, whose data were processed using descriptive statistics and a structural equation model. The results present a construct for validating organizational characteristics that can influence EO in public early childhood education organizations. However, autonomy and management support were the determinants of EO in the organizations studied. Finally, there are implications and considerations for policies and strategies in public educational organizations, indicating EO as a way to deal with contingencies, resource scarcity, the stimulation of (intra)entrepreneurial culture and even potential early childhood education for entrepreneurship.

Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a powerful tool to understand the mechanisms driving the cellular reprogramming, as well as addressing fundamental questions on developmental biology. Hundreds of animals have already been generated through this technology, however its large-scale use is still hampered by the low efficiency and disrupted phenotypes reported in SCNT derived newborns. Therefore, this review aims to expose some of the consequences often seen in cloned animals, as well as to discuss and propose some possibilities and perspectives to avoid epigenetic failures during reprogramming.

Sérgio Henrique Sampaio Meirelles,1–3 Aline Sá Barreto,1 Eduardo Scaldini Buscacio,1,2 Elke Shinzato,1,2,4 Lia Florim Patrão,1 Mauro Sérgio de Oliveira Silva1 1Piedade Municipal Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, 2Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 3Estacio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; 4Ocular Ultrasound Department, Clinical Hospital of the University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil Purpose: To report a case of a young patient with retinitis pigmentosa (RP), essential iris atrophy, and glaucoma.Case report: This report presents a case of a 22-year-old female patient with unilateral glaucoma, increased intraocular pressure, increased cup–disc ratio, iris atrophy, peripheral anterior synechiae, and bilateral RP.Discussion: The patient presented glaucoma due to the iridocorneal endothelial syndrome, despite low age. RP is a bilateral disorder that may be associated with angle-closure glaucoma. Keywords: ocular hypertension, ICE syndrome, secondary glaucoma, retinal degeneration

Abstract: The TIGIT+FOXP3+Treg subset (TIGIT+Tregs) exerts robust suppressive activity on cellular immunity and predisposes septic individuals to opportunistic infection. We hypothesized that TIGIT+Tregs could play an important role in intensifying the COVID-19 severity and hampering the defense against nosocomial infections during hospitalization. Herein we aimed to verify the association between the levels of the TIGIT+Tregs with the mechanical ventilation requirement, fatal outcome, and bacteremia during hospitalization. TIGIT+Tregs were immunophenotyped by flow cytometry from the peripheral blood of 72 unvaccinated hospitalized COVID-19 patients at admission from May 29th to August 6th, 2020. The patients were stratified during hospitalization according to their mechanical ventilation requirement and fatal outcome. COVID-19 resulted in a high prevalence of the TIGIT+Tregs at admission, which progressively increased in patients with mechanical ventilation needs and fatal outcomes. The prevalence of TIGIT+Tregs positively correlated with poor pulmonary function and higher plasma levels of LDH, HMGB1, FGL2, and TNF. The non-survivors presented higher plasma levels of IL-33, HMGB1, FGL2, IL-10, IL-6, and 5.54 times more bacteremia than survivors. Conclusions: The expansion of the TIGIT+Tregs in COVID-19 patients was associated with inflammation, lung dysfunction, bacteremia, and fatal outcome.

Atanasio S Vidane,1 Aline F Souza,1 Rafael V Sampaio,1 Fabiana F Bressan,2 Naira C Pieri,1 Daniele S Martins,2 Flavio V Meirelles,2 Maria A Miglino,1 Carlos E Ambrósio2 1Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; 2Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil Abstract: Amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) are multipotent cells with an enhanced ability to differentiate into multiple lineages. AMSCs can be acquired through noninvasive methods, and therefore are exempt from the typical ethical issues surrounding stem cell use. The objective of this study was to isolate and characterize AMSCs from a cat amniotic membrane for future application in regenerative medicine. The cat AMSCs were harvested after mechanical and enzymatic digestion of amnion. In culture medium, the cat AMSCs adhered to a plastic culture dish and displayed a fibroblast-like morphology. Immunophenotyping assays were positive for the mesenchymal stem cell-specific markers CD73 and CD90 but not the hematopoietic markers CD34, CD45, and CD79. Under appropriate conditions, the cat AMSCs differentiated into osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic cell lineages. One advantage of cat AMSCs was nonteratogenicity, assessed 4 weeks post injection of undifferentiated AMSCs into immunodeficient mice. These findings suggest that cat amniotic membranes may be an important and useful source of mesenchymal stem cells for clinical applications, especially for cell or tissue replacement in chronic and degenerative diseases. Keywords: amnion, cats, cell differentiation, fetal membranes, mesenchymal cells

Ana Lucia Lei Munhoz Lima, Priscila Rosalba D de Oliveira, Perola Grimberg Plapler, Flora Maria D Andrea Marcolino, Eduardo de Souza Meirelles, André Sugawara, Riccardo Gomes Gobbi, Alexandre Leme Godoy dos Santos , Gilberto Luis CamanhoInstitute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, BrazilAbstract: Increasing bone mineralization abnormalities observed among people living with HIV (PLWHIV) result from various factors relating to the host, the virus, and the antiretrovirals used. Today, HIV infection is considered to be a risk factor for bone mineralization disorders. The test most recommended for diagnosing osteoporosis is measurement of bone mineral density by means of dual energy X-ray absorptiometry at two sites. Osteoporosis treatment has the aims of bone mass improvement and fracture control. A combination of calcium and vitamin D supplementation may reduce the risk of fractures. Antiresorptive drugs act by blocking osteoclastic activity and reducing bone remodeling. On the other hand, bone-forming drugs stimulate osteoblastogenesis, thereby stimulating the formation of bone matrix. Mixed-action medications are those that are capable of both stimulating bone formation and inhibiting reabsorption. Antiresorptive drugs form the group of medications with the greatest quantity of scientific evidence confirming their efficacy in osteoporosis treatment. Physical activity is a health promotion strategy for the general population, but only preliminary data on its real value and benefit among PLWHIV are available, especially in relation to osteoporosis.Keywords: osteoporosis, HIV/AIDS, diagnosis, treatment, exercise

Este trabalho apresenta alguns dos resultados do levantamento fonético-fonológico das variedades de línguas usadas nas cidades de Sant´ana do Livramento (Brasil) e Rivera (Uruguai). O estudo faz parte de um projeto maior que visava descrever parcialmente a fonologia do Português e do Espanhol falados nas duas cidades fronteiriças. Neste artigo serão apresentados os resultados da pesquisa referentes ao sistema consonantal de cada uma das variedades de língua

BACKGROUND: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels are higher in those who are physically active and lower in people with cognitive dysfunction. This study investigated whether brain-derived neurotrophic factor mediated or modified the association of sedentary time to MRI-estimated brain volumes in midlife. METHODS: Baseline (n = 612) and five-year follow-up (n = 418) data were drawn from the multicenter Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Brain MRI sub-study, including Black and White participants (aged 50.3 years, 51.6% females, 38.6% Black). Sedentary time (hours per day) was categorized into quartiles with low ≤ 4.3 (reference) and high > 8.4. Outcomes of the study were total brain, white matter, gray matter, hippocampal volumes, and white matter fractional anisotropy at baseline and 5-year percent change from baseline. The study used general linear regression models to examine the mediation and moderation effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (natural log transformed) on the associations of sedentary time to brain outcomes. The authors adjusted the regression model for age, sex, race, intracranial volume, education, and vascular factors. RESULTS: Cross-sectionally, baseline participants with the highest sedentary time had a lower total brain (-12.2 cc; 95%CI: -20.7, -3.7), gray matter (-7.8 cc; 95%CI: -14.3, -1.3), and hippocampal volume (-0.2 cc; 95%CI: -0.3, 0.0) compared with populations with the lowest sedentary time. The brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels did not mediate the associations between brain measures and sedentary time. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor was found to moderate associations of sedentary time to total brain and white matter volume such that the brain volume difference between high and low sedentary time decreased as brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels increased. Longitudinally, higher baseline brain-derived neurotrophic factor level was associated with less brain volume decline. The longitudinal associations did not differ by sedentary time, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor did not mediate or moderate the association of sedentary time to brain measure changes. CONCLUSIONS: Higher brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels may buffer the negative effects of sedentary time on the brain.

Identifying circulating proteins associated with cognitive function may point to biomarkers and molecular process of cognitive impairment. Few studies have investigated the association between circulating proteins and cognitive function. We identify 246 protein measures quantified by the SomaScan assay as associated with cognitive function (p

One-day-old male Ross chicks were used in an experiment designed to compare two methionine sources, DL-methionine and methionine hydroxy analogue free acid (MHA-FA), and four different levels: 0.41; 0.47; 0.53; 0.59% (starter diet); 0.35; 0.41; 0.47; 0.53% (grower diet); and 0.30; 0.36; 0.42; 0.48% (finisher diet). One thousand two hundred and eighty chicks were housed in 32 experimental floor-pens (40 birds each) and fed 8 experimental diets based on corn and soybean meal for 47 days. The effects of methionine sources and levels were evaluated by performance data, carcass and cut yields, feather yield and abdominal fat content. Data were analyzed as a completely randomized design in a 2x4 factorial arrangement (2 sources and 4 levels), with 8 treatments and 4 repetitions. Analysis of variance was performed using PROC GLM of SAS©. Data indicated DL-methionine to be more effective in promoting growth than MHA-FA, and weight gain increased numerically in response to increasing levels of methionine in all phases.

Com o objetivo de verificar se o relacionamento afetivo com violência está associado a um maior risco de DST/AIDS, foi realizada uma pesquisa com jovens entre 14 e 22 anos, moradores de comunidades carentes de dois bairros da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Utilizou-se método qualitativo por meio de grupos focais de gênero e entrevistas individuais. Na análise do material coletado observou-se que a violência faz parte do cotidiano desses jovens nas comunidades em que vivem e dentro de suas próprias famílias. Os fatores identificados como geradores de violência no relacionamento interpessoal foram: falta de dinheiro e de emprego, uso de drogas e álcool, ciúme e infidelidade. Os adolescentes afirmaram que não há negociação quanto ao uso de preservativo quando o parceiro é violento, o que pode ter como conseqüência um maior risco de DST/AIDS. Os resultados indicam que o problema da violência é multifatorial e quando está presente nos relacionamentos interpessoais pode dificultar a proteção em relação às DST/AIDS.