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Paraquat (PQ) poisoning can induce acute lung injury and fibrosis and has an extremely high mortality rate. However, no effective treatments for PQ poisoning have been established. In this study, the potential efficacy of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook.f. (TwHF) in alleviating PQ-induced lung injury and fibrosis was investigated in a mouse model. Mice were randomly assigned to the control, PQ, PQ + TwHF1 (pretreatment before inducing poisoning), and PQ + TwHF2 (treatment after poisoning) groups. The mice in the PQ + TwHF1 group were pretreated with TwHF for 5 days before receiving one dose of PQ (120 mg/kg) and then received a daily oral gavage of the indicated dosages of TwHF until sacrifice. The mice in the PQ + TwHF2 group were treated with TwHF 2 h after PQ exposure until sacrifice. The pathological analysis and Fapi PET/CT showed that treatment with TwHF attenuated lung injury. And TwHF reduced pulmonary oxidative stress, as indicated by the reduction in, malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, as well as by the increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. Accordingly, the Perls DAB staining showed increased iron concentrations and western blotting revealed a decreased GPX4 expression after PQ exposure, as well as the mitigation of the overexpression of Nrf2 and HO-1 induced by PQ. In conclusion, our study demonstrated the potential of TwHF as a treatment for PQ-induced lung injury and fibrosis. The protective mechanism of this medicinal herb may involve the regulation of ferroptosis.

Background: Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have been reported to keep elevating during sepsis. The current study was performed to investigate the immunosuppressive effect of MDSCs and their subsets with the underlying mechanisms.Methods: The immunosuppressive status was manifested by the apoptosis of splenocytes, quantity of T cells and PD-1 expression. The dynamics of quantity and PD-L1 level of MDSCs and the subsets were determined over time. The subset of MDSCs with high PD-L1 level was co-cultured with T cells to observe the suppressive effect.Results: Abdominal abscess was observed after 7 days post-sepsis. Five biomarkers related to organ functions were all significantly higher in the CLP group. The survival rate was consistent with the middle grade severity of sepsis model. Apoptosis of splenocytes increased over time during sepsis; CD4 + T cell decreased from day 1 post-sepsis; CD8+ T cells significantly reduced at day 7. The PD-1 expression in spleen was upregulated from an early stage of sepsis, and negatively related with the quantity of T cells. MDSCs were low at day 1 post-sepsis, but increased to a high level later; the dynamics of PMN-MDSC was similar to MDSCs. PD-L1 on MDSCs was highest at day 1 post-sepsis; PMN-MDSC was the main subset expressing PD-L1. The PMN-MDSC with high PD-L1 expression level extracted on day 1 after surgery from CLP mice significantly inhibited the proliferation of T cells.Conclusions: Sepsis-induced immunosuppression is initiated from a very early stage, a high expression level of PD-L1 on MDSCs and the main subset, PMN-MDSC might play a critical role suppressive role on T cells through PD-L1/PD-1 axis.

Prefabricated buildings are the development trend of the construction industry. They transfer on-site wet construction into industrialized and informatization manufacturing models. They achieve the concepts of "sustainable development" and "four savings and one environmental protection" and are significant part of the construction industrialization. The prefabricated buildings provide a new idea for realization of "green buildings." However, in the construction industry there are still many factors such as policies, technologies, markets, and environment that hinder their development. This paper takes the perspective of contractors and employs the literature review and expert interview to analyze and summarize the obstacle factors of prefabricated buildings implementation in China. In this paper KMO and Bartlett analysis are performed, and then these indicators are explored using the principal component analysis. The main obstacles of the prefabricated buildings in China's construction industry from a contractor perspective are revealed. Finally, the obstacles are grouped into cause and effect factors through the DEMATEL model. Finally, suggestions are made according to the hierarchical relationship and causal relationship among the various obstacles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The era of digital intelligence offers new opportunities for the development of social computing and social intelligence.Cross-disciplinary fusion shall be a critical approach for its deep development.This paper elaborates the connotation and denotation of social computing, discusses the paradigm shift of social computing research, and the general development of social computing and social intelligence.Next, it looks forward to the social computing and social intelligence in the era of digital intelligence, and proposes three pillars for constructinga social intelligence system based on the new infrastructure.The construction of such an intelligent system is mainly composed by three components, including the construction of large-scale high-velocity data intelligence, the integration of multi-scale flexible spatial intelligence, and the formation of complex adaptive social intelligence.There is a level progression from data intelligence to social intelligence, in which data, computing and society are entangled.As such, computing science, data science, spatial science, complex science and social science are requested to interact from both theoretical and methodological perspectives.With the rapid update of digital-intelligent technologies and their penetration into the whole social-economic system, social computing and social intelligence is bound to seek breakthrough and deep development in the interdisciplinary cross-integration.