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Staphylococci are considered a major concern in dairy plants mainly due to the intensive production flow, automation of processing plants and increased demand in the microbiological quality of dairy products. This study aimed to identify S. aureus strains isolated from three Brazilian dairy plants, evaluate the influence of time, temperature and contact surface on the bacterial adhesion process, as well as the efficiency of simulated hygiene and sanitation protocol in removing adhered cells. For genotypic analyses, the presence of icaA and icaD in strains was evaluated. Adherence assays were performed in biofilm reactor, comparing the influence of 2 temperatures (5 °C and 35 °C), 2 surfaces (stainless steel and polypropylene) and 4 contact times (3, 6, 12 h and post-sanitization). To evaluate the process effectiveness in removing adhered cells, neutral detergent and sanitizing agent based on sodium hypochlorite were used in order to simulate the situation observed in one of the dairy plants analyzed. The presence of icaA and icaD genes was determined in 75.3% and 77.6% of strains, respectively; 70.6% of isolates showed both genes, whereas 17.6% showed no genes. Genes for enterotoxin production were found in all samples, relating to SEG and SEH toxins. The number of cells adhered on both surfaces was about 3 and 6 log 10 CFU/cm 2 at temperatures of 5 °C and 35 °C, respectively, for most situations evaluated, with significant increase over the evaluation period. In general, the temperature of 35 °C favored greater adherence of S. aureus . At 5 °C, there was a considerable number of adhered cells, but in populations significantly lower than those observed at 35 °C. The cleaning and sanitizing protocol was ineffective in removing adhered cells; better performance of sodium hypochlorite was observed at 5 °C, which should be related to lower adherence observed at this temperature. Thus, the process was not able to reduce the number of S. aureus bacteria adhered on both surfaces to safe levels under the conditions evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Avaliaram-se a evolução da contaminação microbiana de queijo-de-minas frescal durante sua vida de prateleira e a padronização e qualidade de sete marcas (A a G) de queijo (3 a 4 lotes de cada), adquiridas em supermercados de São Paulo. Os parâmetros determinados incluíram contagens de Staphylococcus spp., coliformes, Escherichia coli e bactérias láticas, pH, umidade e dureza instrumental, após 7, 14 e 21 dias de fabricação dos queijos. Avaliou-se, também, o comportamento da população de coliformes e E. coli durante o processamento de queijo-de-minas frescal com leite pasteurizado e cru. As contagens mais elevadas de Staphylococcus spp., coliformes e E. coli detectadas foram, respectivamente, 7,83 (B), 8,02 (B) e 7,83 log UFC/g (C). Todas as marcas, exceto a F, apresentaram índices de contaminação acima do recomendável. Seis das sete marcas apresentaram-se impróprias para o consumo já aos sete dias de fabricação. As populações de coliformes e de E. coli dos queijos preparados no laboratório aumentaram 2,5 ciclos log durante o processamento com leite pasteurizado e 4,5 ciclos log (coliformes) e 5 ciclos log (E. coli) em queijo fabricado com leite cru. Uma reavaliação das condições de fabricação, distribuição, comercialização e prazo de validade de queijo-de-minas frescal é necessária.Microbial contamination of minas fresh cheese during its shelf-life and general aspects of quality and standardization of seven different trademarks (A to G), purchased in grocery stores in São Paulo, were investigated. For this purpose, counts of Staphylococcus spp., coliforms, Escherichia coli, and lactic acid bacteria, besides pH, moisture, and instrumental measurement of hardness were determined 7, 14 and 21 days after cheese production. The variation of coliforms and E. coli counts during the production of cheeses from pasteurized and raw milk was also evaluated. The highest counts of Staphylococcus spp., coliforms and E. coli were, respectively, 7.83 (B), 8.02 (B), and 7.83 log CFU/g (C). Except for trademark F, all others presented contamination levels above those recommended by the Brazilian legislation. Cheeses from six out of seven trademarks were already unsuitable for consumption 7 days after production. The counts of total coliforms and E. coli in cheeses prepared in the laboratory increased 2.5 log cycles during their manufacture using pasteurized milk, and 4.5 log cycles (coliforms) and 5 log cycles (E. coli) when prepared with raw milk. Conditions of production, distribution, and expiration date of commercial minas fresh cheese need improvement.

Abstract: The effect of a probiotic culture of Lactobacillus acidophilus (La-5), added solely or in co-culture with a starter culture of Streptococcus thermophilus, on texture, proteolysis and related properties of Minas fresh cheese during storage at 5°C was investigated. Three cheese-making trials were prepared and produced with no addition of cultures (T1 – control), supplemented with La-5 (T2), and with La-5+ S. thermophilus (T3). Viable counts of La-5 remained above 6.00logcfug−1 during the whole storage for T2, reaching 7.00logcfug−1 on the 14th day. For T3, the counts of La-5 remained above 6.00logcfug−1 after 7 days of storage. Due to the presence of S. thermophilus, T3 presented the highest proteolytic index increase and titratable acidity values. Nevertheless, these results and S. thermophilus addition had no influence on viability of La-5 which presented satisfactory populations for a probiotic food. Moreover, the use of a yoghurt culture for the production of Minas fresh cheese T3 supplemented with La-5 resulted in a good quality product, with a small rate of post-acidification, indicating that traditional yoghurt culture could be employed in co-culture with La-5 to improve the quality of this cheese. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]