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Introduction: Microbial lipids attract attention of many researchers due to their therapeutic effects. The goal of this study is the production and optimization of lipids and fatty acids in Mortierella vinacea by applying different media to achieve invaluable fatty acids in pharmaceutical and food industry. Materials and methods: Mortierella vinacea was cultured on potato dextrose agar. Then the spores were inoculated to the production medium. After 72 hours, the lipids were extracted and they were analyzed by gas chromatography. To optimize lipid and important fatty acids production in medium, various carbon and nitrogen sources were substituted with glucose and yeast extract respectively. Results: The effect of some carbon and nitrogen sources on biomass, lipid and fatty acids production were assayed. The highest level of lipid production was in a medium which contains lactose and yeast extract (26.66%). Linoleic acid was only produced in presence of lactose and yeast extract (25.7%). While, M. vinacea yielded the highest level of linoleic acid (52.76%) in a medium containing peptone, linolenic acid was achieved only in presence of lactose and triptone. Discussion and conclusion: In this study, lactose as a carbon source was the most effective one in the production of lipids. In addition, linoleic acid was produced in presence of lactose, so lactose was selected as the best carbon source. Peptone and triptone as a nitrogen source were chosen for the production of linoleic acid and linolenic acid in M. vinacea respectively. All of these findings reveal that Mortierella strain is a potential candidate for enhancement of linoleic acid and linolenic acid production. Furthermore, this simple media can be used in production of linoleic acid and linolenic acid for industrial goals in large scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: γ-linolenic acid is an essential fatty acid in human nutrition. In the present study, production of γ-linolenic acid by Mucor hiemalis PTCC 5292 was evaluated in submerged fermentation. Materials and methods: The fermentation variables were chosen according to the fractional factorial design and further optimized via full factorial method. Four significant variables, glucose, peptone, ammonium nitrate and pH were selected for the optimization studies. The design consisted of total 16 runs consisting of runs at two levels for each factor with three replications of the center points. Results: The analysis of variance and three-dimensional response surface plot of effects indicated that variables were regarded to be significant for production of γ-linolenic acid by Mucor hiemalis. Results indicated that fermentation at the optimum conditions (100 g/l glucose concentration; 1 g/l peptone; 1 g/l ammonium nitrate, and pH of 4.5) enhanced the γ-linolenic acid production up to 709 mg/l. Discussion and conclusion: The results of this study indicated that higher γ-linolenic acid yield can be achieved in a simple medium at high glucose and ammonium nitrate, low peptone concentrations and acidic pH by Mucor hiemalis PTCC 5292. This simple and low cost optimization condition of culture media can be applied for γ-linolenic acid production at higher scale for pharmaceutical and nutritional industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The production of waste pollutants has become a major problem for many food and oil industries. However, oil wastes can provide alternative substrates for industry, which could help to solve environmental pollution problems. Furthermore, oil wastes can be used as substrates to produce unsaturated fatty acids, which are important for health., Objectives: The production of fatty acids in fungi using oil wastes and renewable substrates were investigated., Materials and Methods: Oil waste sources were obtained from food factories and restaurants (F1, F2, F3, R1, and R2). Cunninghamella echinulata DSM1905 and Rhizopus stolonifer DSM2194 were used to treat the wastes. Changes in lipid and fatty acid contents, biomass, and pH were monitored., Results: C. echinulata produced about 18.4 and 20.1% gamma linolenic acid (GLA) from the R1 and R2 oil wastes, respectively. It also produced 9.3% and 12.4% linolenate from the F2 and F3 wastes. R. stolonifer produced 21% GLA from R1 and 9.3% linolenate from F3. C. echinulata reduced biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) by 67%-74% and 50%-98%, respectively. R. stolonifer reduced BOD by 36%-74% and COD by 10%-78%., Conclusions: This study emphasized the abilities of oleaginous fungi to utilize oil wastes as carbon sources to reduce BOD and COD of the wastes, producing essential fatty acids.