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Bu araştırmanın amacı Türkiye’deki bir devlet üniversitesinin ilköğretim matematik öğretmenliği lisans programındaki matematik öğretimi derslerinin [Bilgisayar Destekli Matematik Öğretimi (BDMÖ) ve Özel Öğretim Yöntemleri-I (ÖÖY-I)] özel alan yeterliklerini geliştirme düzeyini incelemektir. Kullanılan özel alan yeterlikleri Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı tarafından 2008 yılında belirlenen ilköğretim matematik öğretmenliği öğretmen yeterlikleridir. Araştırmanın amacı doğrultusunda matematik öğretimi derslerinin programları (Yükseköğretim Kurulu ve devlet üniversitesi tarafından hazırlanan) ve 2017-2018 akademik yılındaki uygulamasının özel alan yeterlikleriyle uyum düzeyi incelenmiştir. Uygulanan programın geliştirdiği yeterlikler öğretim üyesi ve öğretmen adayı görüşleri ile derslerin öğretim sürecine göre belirlenmiştir. Durum çalışması deseninde tasarlanan bu araştırmada doküman incelemesi, betimsel analiz ve frekans kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucuna göre matematik öğretimi derslerine ait devlet üniversitesi tarafından hazırlanan programlar, yeterliklerin yaklaşık yarısını; uygulama ise yaklaşık dörtte üçünü yansıtmaktadır. Programa göre derslerde yer verilmesi planlanan tüm yeterlikler uygulamada ele alınmıştır. “Matematik Dersi Becerilerini Geliştirme” ve “Matematik Öğretiminin İzlenmesi, Değerlendirilmesi ve Geliştirilmesi” yeterlik alanlarındaki tüm yeterlikler dersin kapsamında olmasa bile uygulamada ele alınmıştır. Ancak “Okul, Aile ve Toplumla İşbirliği Yapabilme” alanındaki yeterliklere matematik öğretimi derslerinde yer verilmemiştir. Bununla birlikte veri kaynaklarına (ders içeriği, ders gözlemi, öğretim üyesi ve öğretmen adayı görüşleri) göre özel alan yeterliklerinin uyum düzeyinin farklılaştığı görülmüştür. Ayrıca “Matematik Öğretim Durumlarını Planlama ve Düzenleme” alanındaki yeterlik ve performans göstergeleri düzenlenerek öneri sunulmuştur. Önerilen yeterlikler (i) etkinlik ve ders içi uygulamalardan yararlanabilme ile (ii) öğretim yöntem ve tekniklerinden yararlanabilmedir.

Dış sıcaklık verisi, binaların enerji gereksinimi hesaplamasını etkileyen en önemli parametrelerden biridir. Hacimsel ısıtma ağırlıklı enerji tüketiminin görüldüğü Türkiye’de, binaların ısı yalıtımı tasarımının yapılması ve ısıtma enerji ihtiyacının hesaplanması, TS 825 “Binalarda Isı Yalıtım Kuralları” standardına göre yapılmaktadır. TS 825’te, iller, sahip oldukları iklimsel koşullara göre derece-gün bölgelerinde (DGB) kümelendirilmektedir. Bu DGB’leri birbirinden ayıran temel iklimsel parametre ise dış sıcaklık verisidir. Bu çalışmada, dış sıcaklık verisinin bina ısıtma enerji gereksinimine etkisinin ve standartta oluşturulan DGB’lerin geçerliliğinin dış sıcaklık verisine göre tartışılması amaçlanmaktadır. Bu kapsamda, oluşturulan örnek binanın ısıtma enerji ihtiyacı (Qyıl), illere ait farklı dış sıcaklık verilerine ve standardın yürürlükteki ve önerilen versiyonundaki DGB’lerine ait dış sıcaklık verilerine göre hesaplanmış ve 81 il için ayrı ayrı kıyaslanarak DGB‘lerin geçerliliği ve standartta yapılan güncellemelerin etkinliği incelenmiştir. Sonuçlar, bazı DGB’ler arası geçişlerde, farklı DGB’de yer alan illerin Qyıl değerlerinin birbirine çok yakın olduğunu; hatta bazı illerin kıyaslamalı Qyıl değerlerinin, bulundukları DGB’lerin verileri ile çeliştiğini göstermektedir. Bu durum, DGB yaklaşımının yeniden gözden geçirilmesini düşündürmektedir. Bunun yanında, standardın önerilen versiyonunda yeni oluşturulan DGB’ler, kıyaslamalı sonuçlar ile daha iyi örtüşmektedir. Bunlara ek olarak, ısıtma eşiği sıcaklığı seçimi hesaplamalara kısıtlı etki yaparken, analizlerde kullanılacak dış sıcaklık verisinin güncelliğinin binanın ısıtma enerji hesabını önemli oranda etkilediği görülmüştür.

Monkeypox disease is caused by a virus that causes lesions on the skin and has been observed on the African continent in the past years. The fatal consequences caused by virus infections after the COVID pandemic have caused fear and panic among the public. As a result of COVID reaching the pandemic dimension, the development and implementation of rapid detection methods have become important. In this context, our study aims to detect monkeypox disease in case of a possible pandemic through skin lesions with deep-learning methods in a fast and safe way. Deep-learning methods were supported with transfer learning tools and hyperparameter optimization was provided. In the CNN structure, a hybrid function learning model was developed by customizing the transfer learning model together with hyperparameters. Implemented on the custom model MobileNetV3-s, EfficientNetV2, ResNET50, Vgg19, DenseNet121, and Xception models. In our study, AUC, accuracy, recall, loss, and F1-score metrics were used for evaluation and comparison. The optimized hybrid MobileNetV3-s model achieved the best score, with an average F1-score of 0.98, AUC of 0.99, accuracy of 0.96, and recall of 0.97. In this study, convolutional neural networks were used in conjunction with optimization of hyperparameters and a customized hybrid function transfer learning model to achieve striking results when a custom CNN model was developed. The custom CNN model design we have proposed is proof of how successfully and quickly the deep learning methods can achieve results in classification and discrimination.

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Este estudo investigou os efeitos analgésicos e nociceptivos da adição de dexmedetomidina à bupivacaína em anestesia do neuroeixo usando os testes de retirada da cauda (tail-flick [TF]) e da placa quente (hot-plate [HP]) e microscopia de luz para as alterações histopatológicas de nervos espinhais e raízes nervosas. MÉTODOS: Quarenta ratos Sprague-Dawley anestesiados, machos, foram cateterizados intratecalmente. Os valores basais dos testes TF e HP foram medidos antes e depois do cateterismo. Trinta e seis ratos cateterizados com sucesso foram distribuídos em quatro grupos. O Grupo B recebeu 10 µg de bupivacaína, o Grupo BD3 recebeu 10 µg de bupivacaína + 3 µg de dexmedetomidina, o Grupo BD10 recebeu 10 µg de bupivacaína + 10 µg de dexmedetomidina e o Grupo Controle recebeu 10 µL de líquido cefalorraquidiano artificial. Os testes TF e HP foram feitos entre cinco e 300 minutos a partir da administração das drogas. Vinte e quatro horas após a administração, os ratos foram sacrificados e retiradas as medulas espinhais e raízes nervosas para investigação patológica. RESULTADOS: Os valores basais dos testes TF e HP não foram estatisticamente diferentes entre os grupos (6,8 ± 0,15 s). As latências de TF e HP no Grupo Controle não apresentaram alteração significativa durante o estudo. Os resultados dos testes TF e HP mostraram que a adição de 3 e 10 µg de dexmedetomidina causou um aumento dose-dependente na duração e amplitude do efeito analgésico e nociceptivo de bupivacaína (TF: 37,52 ± 1,08%, 57,86 ± 1,16%, respectivamente; HP: 44,24 ± 1,15%, 68,43 ± 1,24%, respectivamente). CONCLUSÕES: Não houve alterações histopatológicas aparentes em pelo menos 24 horas após a administração intratecal da dose única de dexmedetomidina (3 µg e 10 µg). Dexmedetomidina adicionado à bupivacaína para raquianestesia melhora a analgesia e prolonga a duração do bloqueio.

Background and Objectives: This study investigates analgesic and nociceptive effects of adding dexmedetomidine to bupivacaine neuraxial anesthesia through Tail-flick (TF) and Hot-plate (HP) tests and the pathohistological changes on spinal nerves and nerve roots through light microscopy. Methods: Forty anesthetized, male Sprague-Dawley rats were intrathecally catheterized. Basal values of TF and HP tests were measured before and after catheterization. Thirty-six successfully catheterized rats were assigned to four groups. Group B received 10 μg bupivacaine, Group BD3 received 10 μg bupivacaine + 3 μg dexmedetomidine, Group BD10 received 10 μg bupivacaine + 10 μg dexmedetomidine and Control group received 10 μL volume of artificial cerebrospinal fluid. TF and HP tests were performed between the 5th and 300th minutes of drug administration. Twenty-four hours after administration of drugs, rats were sacrificed and spinal cord and nerve roots were removed for pathological investigation. Results: Baseline values of the TF and HP tests were not statistically different among the groups (6.8 ± 0.15 s). TF and HP latencies in the Control group did not change significantly during the study. TF and HP test results showed that adding 3 and 10 μg dexmedetomidine caused a dose- dependent increase in duration and amplitude of analgesic and nociceptive effect of bupivacaine (TF: 37.52 ± 1.08%, 57.86 ± 1.16% respectively, HP: 44.24 ± 1.15%, 68.43 ± 1.24% respectively). Conclusions: There were no apparent pathohistological changes at least 24 hours after the intrathecal administration of a single dose of dexmedetomidine 3 μg and 10 μg. Dexmedetomidine added to bupivacaine for spinal block improves analgesia and prolongs block duration. Keywords: Bupivacaine, Dexmedetomidine, Pain Measurement, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Anesthesia, Spinal.

Son on yılda öğrenme kuramlarında, çoğunlukla bilişsel süreçlerle ilgili bilimsel gelişmeleri temel alan ciddi değişiklikler olmuştur. Bu çalışmada, bu tür gelişmelerin sonucunda ortaya çıkan yapılandırmacı öğrenme ve bilginin soyutlanma süreci referans alınarak, lise öğrencilerinin Tam Değer Fonksiyonu bilgisini oluşturma süreçleri incelenmiştir. Örnek olay yönteminin kullanıldığı bu çalışma, gönüllü iki lise öğrencisiyle grup çalışması şeklinde yürütülmüştür. Öğretimde yapılandırmacı öğrenmenin ilkelerine uygun olarak, öğrencilerin ön deneyim ve bilgileri azami ölçüde kullanabildikleri, soyutlama sürecindeki eylemlerin gözlenebilmesine uygun tasarlanmış üç problem, sıralı olarak kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada öğrencilerin ilk problemde oluşturdukları bilgiyi, sonrakilerde de kullandıkları Parçalı Fonksiyon ve Tam Değer Fonksiyonu bilgisini belirli bir seviyede doğru olarak oluşturabildikleri gözlenmiştir. Çalışma ayrıca, fonksiyonların öğretiminde çevresel olay ve problemlerin kullanılmasının soyutlamaya olan güçlü katkısını ortaya koymuştur.

Aim: Kidney disease is common in older adults due to age-related structural and functional changes in the kidneys, higher rates of chronic disease, and increased drug use. As societies age, there is a rise in the prevalence of renal disease and the number of kidney biopsies being performed in older patients. This study aimed to investigate renal biopsy indications, complications, pathology results, and subsequent treatment among older adults in Turkey. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from patients aged 65 and over who underwent renal biopsy in a university nephrology department between 2004 and 2023. The patients’ demographic information, chronic comorbidities, biopsy indications, pre-biopsy laboratory values, post-biopsy complications, pathology results, and post-biopsy treatments were obtained by reviewing their medical records and biopsy reports. Results: A total of 66 patients were included in the study. The median age was 73.0 years (IQR: 68.8-79.0 years) and 66.7% of the patients were men. The most common comorbidities were hypertension (83.3%), diabetes mellitus (24.3%), coronary artery disease (22.7%), and chronic kidney disease (21.2%). The most common indication for renal biopsy was nephrotic-range proteinuria (56.1%), followed by acute kidney injury (24.2%). When the pathology results were examined, primary glomerulonephritis (62.1%) was the most common result, followed by secondary glomerulonephritis (21.2%) and tubulointerstitial nephritis (12.1%). The most common histopathological diagnoses in primary glomerulonephritis were membranous glomerulonephritis (39.4%) and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (12.1%), while those in secondary glomerulonephritis were secondary amyloidosis (9.1%) and lupus nephritis (4.5%). After biopsy, 54.5% of the patients received immunosuppressive therapy and 34.8% received renal replacement therapy. No post-biopsy complications were observed. Conclusion: Although the most common indication for kidney biopsy in older adults is nephrotic-range proteinuria. Kidney biopsy is the gold standard method for the diagnosis of renal parenchymal diseases and is a safe procedure in older patients, with low complication rates. Kidney biopsy should not be avoided in geriatric patients if deemed clinically necessary.

Background It has been reported that living far from the peritoneal dialysis (PD) unit is a risk factor for peritonitis. Considering that PD units are urban located; the question of whether living in a rural area compared to an urban area is a risk factor for peritonitis has arisen.Methods From March 2010 to August 2020, 335 episodes of peritonitis in 202 PD patients followed in a single center were evaluated retrospectively. People living in areas with a population

Background The relationship between hypoalbuminemia in peritoneal dialysis (PD) and mortality, risk of peritonitis, and decreased residual renal function (RRF) is known. However, we have not encountered a comprehensive study on which of the mean albumin values, at the beginning of peritoneal dialysis, in the first year, and during the peritoneal dialysis period, provide more predictive predictions regarding mortality, peritonitis risk, and RRF reduction.Methods A total of 407 PD patients in whom PD was initiated and followed up and PD was terminated were included in the study. Albumin levels, peritonitis, and RRF at the beginning of PD and at 3-month periods during PD were recorded.Results In the evaluation of the patients, there was a significant relationship between mean, first-year albumin values in RRF loss (p = 0.001, p = 0.006, respectively) and peritonitis (p

Let M be a Lorentzian para-Sasakian manifold with a Lorentzian para-Sasakian structure (φ,η,ξ,g). In this paper, we introduce some metallic structures on tangent bundle of the manifold M using vertical, horizontal and complete lifts of the Lorentzian para-Sasakian structure (φ,η,ξ,g) and investigate their parallelity. We also consider fundamental 2-forms and try to find conditions under which these 2-forms are closed.

Aim: We aimed to compare RT-PCR positive and RT-PCR negative patients with radiologically confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) in terms of outcome and laboratory results in the inflammation process. Material / Method: Patients who were admitted to the ICU due to respiratory failure and had typical COVID-19 pneumonia findings on thorax tomography were included in the study. Patients were grouped as RT-PCR negative and RT-PCR positive. Groups were compared for descriptive and laboratory characteristics, treatments, length of stay and outcome. Results: Lactate, D-dimer levels, and leukocyte, neutrophil counts of the RT-PCR positive group were lower than the other group (p

There are many studies on the management styles of school principals. The aim of this research is to categorize and analyze the scattered researches about the management styles of school principals under certain groups, to scrutinize and to determine the quality value, to shed light on the next researches. Thus, it is aimed to systematically examine and evaluate the academic studies published between 2012-2022 in Turkey. In this study, which was conducted with the qualitative research method in order to examine all academic studies published in Turkey on the management styles of school principals in the last ten years, a systematic compilation design was preferred. The study universe of the research consists of all academic studies conducted in the last ten years about the management styles of school principals in our country. Its sample consists of master's and doctoral theses published in Turkey and articles published in peer-reviewed journals of Turkish origin.

Objective:Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a disease that has already taken place in human history. Although there is still no effective treatment protocol, different treatment options are being tried. In this study, it was aimed to determine the basic characteristics and changes in laboratory findings of patients who were hospitalized with the diagnosis of COVID-19 in the intensive care unit and underwent treatment protocol containing favipiravir.Method:It was carried out with the data of 179 inpatients in an intensive care unit between 01.06.2020 and 30.06.2020. The inclusion criteria of the study were to have a diagnosis of COVID-19 confirmed by polymerase chain reaction test, to be hospitalized in the intensive care unit, to be receiving therapy combined with favipravir and to have access to its data through the automation system. According to literature, the socio-demographic characteristics, some basic characteristics and some laboratory findings of the patients were evaluated. Statistical analyses were performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24.0 (IBM Corp.; Armonk, NY, USA).Results:The average age of the study group was 60.9±16.4 years and 65.9% (n=118) of them were male. According to the clinical classification, more than half (50.8%, n=91) were included in the ‘‘high’’ clinical classification. The most common chronic disease was "hypertension (HT)" (42.5%, n=76) and the most common symptom was ‘‘fever’’ (57.5%, n=103). While 82.7% (n=148) had widespread computed tomography findings, C-reactive protein (CPR) positivity rate was 65.4% (n=117). Statistically significant difference was detected among three measurements of blood urea nitrogen, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, CRP between during admisson, the 1st and the 3rd days.Conclusion:Favipiravir demonstrates a proper safety profile. However, its side effects including teratogenicity, hyperuricemia and QTc (corrected QT interval) prolongation have not yet been adequately studied. It may be safe and tolerable in short-term use, but more evidence is needed to assess the longer-term effects of treatment.

Abstract Aim COVID-19 is one of the most consequential pandemic in world history. Chronic diseases, which are risk factors that increase the case fatality rates, have been the leading cause of death all over the world. This study was aimed at detecting coexisting chronic diseases in patients hospitalized with a diagnosis of COVID-19. Material and method The study was carried out with data from 229 patients in an intensive care unit, from June 1st through June 30th. 2020. The inclusion criteria of the study was as follows: (1) having a COVID-19 diagnosis confirmed by PCR test; (2) being hospitalized in the relevant intensive care unit within the dates of the study; and (3) having their data accessible through the hospital automation system. Through literature; chronic diseases of the patients and their effects on the COVID-19 process were evaluated. Statistical analyzes were performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24.0 (IBM Corp.; Armonk, NY, USA). Results The average age of the patients studied were 61.4 years. While the average symptom duration was 8.2 days; total hospitalization period was 13.1 days. The average length of stay of patients (n = 75) who were sent to intensive care unit was 10.1. The most common chronic disease among patients was hypertension with 47.2%. This was followed by diabetes mellitus (32.8%) and heart disease (27.5%), respectively. In the population studied, cough (59.4%), fever (58.5%) and shortness of breath (45.9%) were found to be the most common symptoms. Leukopenia, impairments in liver and muscle enzymes, abnormal C-reactive protein, ferritin and d-dimer levels were the important biochemical tests. Conclusion Particular attention should be paid to the elderly COVID-19 patients with chronic diseases, especially DM, HT and cancer.

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, çeşitli sebeplerle yatağa tam ya da yarı bağımlı evde bakım alan hastalara bakım veren yakınlarının yaşadığı güçlükleri anlamak ve sorunlarına katkıda bulunmaktır. Materyal ve Metot: Çalışma, Mayıs-Haziran 2017 tarihlerinde, Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi İstanbul Bağcılar Sağlık Uygulama ve Araştırma Hastanesi’ne bağlı evde sağlık hizmeti biriminden faydalanan 195 bakım veren hasta yakını ile yapılmıştır. Veriler sosyo-demografik özelliklerin sorgulandığı araştırıcı tarafından düzenlenen bir anket formu ve Zarit Bakıcı Yükü Ölçeği kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. Araştırmanın yapılabilmesi için 2017/580 No’lu Etik Kurul yazılı izni alınmış; veriler SPSS 21.0 paket programıyla analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular: Çalışmada hastaların tanıları sıklık sırasına göre nörolojik hastalıklar, hipertansiyon ve diyabet mellitus şeklinde belirlenmiştir. Bakım verenlerin çoğunluğunun kadın, evli oldukları, daha çok hastaların kız çocuklarının bakım verdikleri belirlenmiştir. Bakım veren aile bireylerin bakım verme yükü puan ortalaması 38,48±12,68 bulunmuştur. Bu değerler bakım veren aile bireylerin bakım yükünün düşük-orta derecede olduğunu göstermektedir. Sonuç: Yakınları tarafından kendi evlerinde bakım verilmesi, evde bakım hastalarının fiziksel ve psikolojik olarak kendilerini daha iyi hissetmelerini sağlamaktadır. Ancak, bakım verenlerin fiziksel, psikososyal ve maddi açıdan yaşam kalitelerinin etkilenme düzeyinin bilinmesi, bakım verenin yükünü etkileyen faktörlerin ortaya konulması ve bu doğrultuda önlemlerin alınması hastanın da azami faydası yönünde olacaktır.

Abstract: Background: Androgenetic alopecia is a common dermatological condition affecting both genders. Objective: To evaluate the tendency towards development of psychosexual disorders according to the clinical stages of androgenetic alopecia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted including 353 patients of both sexes on different clinical stages of hair loss, and the patients were enquired about self-perception, self-esteem, sexual experiences, anxiety and depression states. Hair loss was classified by standardized hair loss scales, and psychological effects were assessed with questionnaires. Results were compared to p

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a disease with increasing prevalence, which is mainly characterized by increased cardiopulmonary mortality and morbidity. It is well-known that OSAS patients have increased prevalence of cardiovascular diseases including coronary heart disease, heart failure, and arrhythmias. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of prolonged and fragmented QRS complexes, which have previously been associated with cardiovascular mortality, in OSAS patients. Methods: Our study included 51 patients (mean age 41.6 ± 10.1 years) who were recently diagnosed with OSAS (apnea-hypopnea index [AHI] ≥5 events/h) and never received therapy. The control group consisted of 34 volunteers (mean age 43.1 ± 11.6 years) in whom OSAS was excluded (AHI

We aimed to analyze the pre- and posttreatment serum asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), nitrate (NO3), vitamin B12 and homocysteine levels in pulmonary embolism (PTE) patients and to determine the prognostic value of these variables in predicting chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). This study was conducted in 64 patients. The patients were classified into the two groups: patients with normal pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) (group I) and patients with high PAP with persistent lung perfusion defects or who died at the end of 3 months of therapy (group II). We found statistically significant differences between two groups with respect to the partial oxygen pressure, the oxygen saturation, and the PAP, but there was no difference between the two groups with respect to the pretreatment ADMA, NO3, or homocysteine levels. The vitamin B12 levels were higher in group II. The NO3 levels increased and the ADMA and vitamin B12 levels decreased with treatment in both groups. These results suggest that these parameters are not predictive of the development of CTEPH.