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Intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) are rare lesions accounting for 10 to 15% of intracranial arteriovenous malformations. They involve an anomalous shunt between meningeal arteries, intracranial (venous sinuses and/or cortical veins), or medullary veins. The DAVFs are usually acquired, implying previous aggression of the dura mater. Thus, they are associated with dural sinus thrombosis, previous craniotomy, and trauma. However, they are idiopathic in most instances and have no evident cause. Their clinical presentation is variable, with symptoms depending on their location and venous drainage pattern. However, lesions with cortical venous drainage have the highest risk of causing the most significant morbidity and mortality. High clinical suspicion alongside noninvasive cross-sectional imaging techniques such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging help establish the diagnosis. Digital subtraction angiography is the gold standard for diagnosis and accurate classification, permitting the evaluation of the feeding vessels, cortical venous drainage, and venous ectasia. Accordingly, a prompt diagnosis and precise classification of these lesions are essential. Endovascular treatment is nowadays the primary therapeutic modality for DAVFs. The access route can be divided into transarterial, transvenous, and combined approaches based on angioarchitecture, venous drainage model, and location. Surgical resection and stereotactic radiosurgery may be considered in some cases. A personalized case-by-case approach accomplishes a high complete treatment grade with a low complication rate. This review highlights the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, classification, diagnosis, and endovascular treatment of patients with intracranial DAVFs.

BackgroundAcute stroke care is complex and requires multidisciplinary networking. There are insufficient data on stroke care in the Middle East and adjacent regions in Asia and Africa.ObjectiveEvaluate the state of readiness of stroke programs in the Middle East North Africa and surrounding regions (MENA+) to treat acute stroke.MethodOnline questionnaire survey on the evaluation of stroke care across hospitals of MENA+ region between April 2021 and January 2022.ResultsThe survey was completed by 34/50 (68%) hospitals. The median population serviced by participating hospitals was 2 million. The median admission of patients with stroke/year was 600 (250–1,100). The median length of stay at the stroke units was 5 days. 34/34 (100%) of these hospitals have 24/7 CT head available. 17/34 (50%) have emergency guidelines for prehospital acute stroke care. Mechanical thrombectomy with/without IVT was available in 24/34 (70.6%). 51% was the median (IQR; 15–75%) of patients treated with IVT within 60 min from arrival. Thirty-five minutes were the median time to reverse warfarin-associated ICH.ConclusionThis is the first large study on the availability of resources for the management of acute stroke in the MENA+ region. We noted the disparity in stroke care between high-income and low-income countries. Concerted efforts are required to improve stroke care in low-income countries. Accreditation of stroke programs in the region will be helpful.

"Women of Algiers" Via Eugene Delacroix’s Palette and “La Grande Maison” of Mohamed Dib ABSTRACT: Our "choice" of "Women of Algiers in their apartment" by Eugène Delacroix and "La Grande Maison" by Mohamed Dib will be a work of "paragon", a comparative analysis. Via ut-pictura poesis and ut-poesis pictura, we will try to establish the confrontation between writing and painting in order to detect the dichotomy of the imago of the Algerian woman in the imagination of each of the two artists. At first, we will study the subjectivity of the painter who gives us a stereotypical and even shocking portrait of the Algerian woman. In a second step, we probe the portrait of the Algerian woman through the character of "Aîni" who represents an insistent, cruel and unbearable painting of suffering. Tortured by the evil of colonization, she finds herself consumed by an obsessive mourning: the burden of a family that can never eat enough and the bad memories of an alcoholic husband. Between the retreat, the calm, the secrets of the Harem of the "Women of Algiers in their apartment" and the continual movement, the cries, the sobs of the woman in the work of Mohamed Dib, there are two worlds which arise and oppose each other, which deepen without intersecting. Thirdly, we will insist on the poetics of the pictorial and the strength of hypotyposis in the readable. In fact, the two masterpieces achieve, through the portrait, the aesthetic ideal: “to paint the sensation”. We will take as a touchstone the mechanisms of the portrait through the text as “talking painting” and through painting as “silent poetry”. As for the approaches that mark out our research, we propose the semiology of the image, thematic criticism, the relationship between narration and description in the elaboration of the portrait and therefore the importance of hypotyposis. We will not lose sight of socio-criticism as well as psycho-criticism. RÉSUMÉ: Notre « choix » de « Femmes d’Alger dans leur appartement » d’Eugène Delacroix et de la trilogie de Mohamed Dib sera un travail de « paragon », une analyse comparative. Via l’ut-pictura poesis et l’ut-poesis pictura, nous essaierons d’établir la confrontation entre écriture et peinture afin de déceler la dichotomie de l’imago de la femme algérienne dans l’imaginaire de chacun des deux artistes. Dans un premier temps, nous étudierons la subjectivité du peintre qui nous donne un portrait stéréotypé voire choquant de la femme algérienne. Dans un deuxième temps, nous sondons le portrait de la femme algérienne à travers le personnage de « Aïni » qui représente une peinture insistante, cruelle et insoutenable de la souffrance. Torturée par le mal de la colonisation, elle se trouve consumée par un deuil obsédant : la charge d’une famille qui ne peut jamais manger à sa faim et les mauvais souvenirs d’un époux alcoolique. Entre la retraite, le calme, les secrets du Harem des Femmes d’Alger dans leur appartement et le mouvement continuel, les cris, les sanglots de la femme dans la trilogie de Mohamed Dib, il ya deux mondes qui se posent et s’opposent, qui se creusent sans s’entrecroiser. Dans un troisième temps, nous insisterons sur la poétique du pictural et la force de l’hypotypose dans le lisible. En fait, les deux chefs-d’oeuvre. réussissent, à travers le portrait, l’idéal esthétique : « peindre la sensation » (Deleuze 1994, 28) Nous prendrons pour pierre de touche les mécanismes du portrait à travers le texte comme « une peinture parlante » et à travers la peinture comme une « poésie muette » Quant aux approches qui balisent notre recherche, nous proposons la sémiologie de l’image, la critique thématique, la relation entre narration et description dans l’élaboration du portrait et par là l’importance de l’hypotypose. Nous ne perdrons pas de vue la sociocritique ainsi que la psychocritique

Abstract Methanol poisoning is a challenging clinical situation with irreversible neurologic complication mainly encountered in developed countries. We report a case of a 50‐year‐old patient who presented with methanol poisoning, symptomatic of respiratory and neurologic failure. In this context, cerebral magnetic resonance imaging concluded entangled injury mechanisms leading to neurologic failure.

In order to prepare thermally stable isosorbide-derived thermoplastic polyurethane, the synthesis of two new chiral exo–exo configured diols, prepared from isosorbide, and two types of diphenols (bisphenol A and thiodiphenol) was described. The synthesis conditions were optimized under conventional heating and microwave irradiations. To prove their suitability in polymerization, these monomers were successfully polymerized using 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI). Both monomers and polymers have been studied by NMR, FT-IR, TGA, DSC; intrinsic viscosity of polymers has also been determined. The results showed the effectiveness of the synthetic strategy proposed; moreover, a dramatic reduction of the reaction time and an important improvement of the monomers yield using microwave irradiation have been demonstrated. The monomers, as well as the polymers, showed excellent thermal stability both in air and nitrogen. It was also shown that the introduction of sulphur in the polyurethane backbone was effective in delaying the onset of degradation as well as the degradation rate.

Background During the COVID-19 pandemic, decreased volumes of stroke admissions and mechanical thrombectomy were reported. The study’s objective was to examine whether subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) hospitalisations and ruptured aneurysm coiling interventions demonstrated similar declines.Methods We conducted a cross-sectional, retrospective, observational study across 6 continents, 37 countries and 140 comprehensive stroke centres. Patients with the diagnosis of SAH, aneurysmal SAH, ruptured aneurysm coiling interventions and COVID-19 were identified by prospective aneurysm databases or by International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, codes. The 3-month cumulative volume, monthly volumes for SAH hospitalisations and ruptured aneurysm coiling procedures were compared for the period before (1 year and immediately before) and during the pandemic, defined as 1 March–31 May 2020. The prior 1-year control period (1 March–31 May 2019) was obtained to account for seasonal variation.Findings There was a significant decline in SAH hospitalisations, with 2044 admissions in the 3 months immediately before and 1585 admissions during the pandemic, representing a relative decline of 22.5% (95% CI −24.3% to −20.7%, p