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Milk production from buffaloes has experienced significant growth in Colombia over the past 20 years. These systems are primarily located in the low tropics, where production systems face limitations in intensification. At Hacienda Cuba, situated in Montelíbano, Córdoba, Colombia, various sustainable intensification strategies have been implemented to enhance buffalo milk production. This study describes the soil, plant, and animal components to assess the capacity for high-quality buffalo milk production. We collected soil and forage samples from the grazing area for chemical characterization and quantified the available forage supply. Subsequently, the milk production potential of the animals was determined based on the forage diet provided, as well as the impact and quantification of intensification practices, such as strategic supplementation, on buffalo milk production. Our findings revealed that soil composition was 10% sand, 46% silt, and 44% clay, pH of 5.0, CEC of 15.16, and P of 11. Microbiological analyses indicated that most functional groups were within acceptable ranges. Characterizing the forage component revealed that buffaloes primarily consume a mixture of forages, including Paspalum fasciculatum, Dichanthium annulatum, Brachiaria decumbens, Dichanthium aristatum, Brachiaria arecta, and Panicum virgatum. On average, these forages exhibited the following nutritional quality characteristics: crude protein of 10.25%, neutral detergent fiber of 65.60%, the in vitro digestibility of dry matter was 56.45%, and the metabolizable energy was 2.75 Mcal Kg DM-1. Our results indicate that buffaloes received a substantial forage supply or allocation, ranging between 7 and 8 kg DM/100 kg of live weight. The production potential is based on a pasture yielding 4.04 liters of daily milk with 6% fat. When the intensification practices were adopted (2 kg of balanced feed and 6 kg of sorghum silage), an increase of 78.5% in milk production was observed. These sustainable intensification practices, such as strategic supplementation in dairy buffaloes in Colombia, enhance milk production and may improve milk quality (it needs to be evaluated). Consequently, these prac-tices can potentially increase profit since payment for milk islinked to these parameters.

Colombia’s water buffalo dairy market has experienced significant growth in recent years, emerging as the industry’s leading sector in milk quality and favorable prices. Buffaloes are renowned for their early maturity and ability to produce high-quality meat. Two key characteristics stand out when considering animals for dual- purpose systems: excellent milk quality suitable for sale, calf rearing and strong maternal abilities. A yield gap analysis was conducted to assess the potential for greenhouse gas emissions mitigation in Colombian buffalo systems to identify achievable buffalo milk productivity. This study is adapted to the standards for life cycle assessment, focusing specifically on greenhouse gas emissions from the International Organization for Standardization. Two functional units were used for measurement: tons of CO 2 -equivalents (CO 2e ) per hectare (ha) and kilograms of CO 2e per kilogram of fat-and-protein-corrected milk (FPCM). Greenhouse gas emissions were calculated using the 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC guidelines, with emission factors sourced from databases. Emissions were categorized into those associated with animals, feces, and soils, with the corresponding sequestration or assimilation accounted in soils, forage biomass, trees, shrubs, and milk production. The simulations were conducted for 550 kg live-weight buffaloes, with a dry matter intake of 11 kg per day alongside 2 kg of balanced feed, under two milk production scenarios: 1500 liters and 3000 liters per lactation. Herd gross energy (GE) intake was calculated using IPCC Tier 2 equations, considering daily gross energy intake per animal category, diet digestibility, and daily net energy requirements for pregnancy, lactation, growth, activity and maintenance. Dry matter intake (DMI) was determined by dividing gross energy intake values by 18.45 MJ of metabolizable energy per kg dry matter, representing the feed’s energy density. These greenhouse gas emissions encompassed methane (CH4) from enteric fermentation and excretions left in paddocks, nitrous oxide (N 2 O) from excretions deposited on pastures and fertilizer application, and carbon dioxide (CO2 ) from lime and urea application, as well as the burning of fossil fuels. The global warming potential indices GWP100 and GWP* were employed to calculate the impact of emissions. Milk carbon footprints (CFs) ranged from 0.7 to 1.41 kgCO2 -eq kg FPCM-1, but when calculated with the GWP* index, they decreased by nearly 35% for both scenarios.

Using Innovation Survey Data from Colombia, we apply a new methodology to assess complementarity relationships among different innovative inputs. This approach allows scholars to prevent serious data drawbacks, such as the lack of proper performance measures and is also fairly general, allowing cross equations restrictions. Empirically, we found evidence for the absorptive capacity hypothesis and the key role played by ICT.

INTRODUCCIÓN: el propósito del presente estudio (primera fase) fue evaluar clínica y radiográficamente la oseointegración de implantes con regeneración ósea por medio de plasma rico en plaquetas (PRP) y hueso liofilizado, colocados en pacientes con pérdida dentoalveolar por trauma en el sector anterior, durante las primeras etapas de cicatrización de tejidos blandos; atendidos en el Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl (HUSVP) de la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia. MÉTODOS: se colocaron quince implantes en seis pacientes que sufrieron pérdida dental por trauma en la zona anterior superior e inferior. La colocación de los implantes se realizó entre los ocho a veinte días posteriores al trauma, los cuales se dejaron sumergidos cuatro meses en la mandíbula y seis meses en el maxilar superior. En la segunda fase quirúrgica se realizó una evaluación clínica y radiográfica para determinar la oseointegración. RESULTADOS: el porcentaje de oseointegración fue 93,3% (catorce implantes). Un implante falló (6,7%) y presentó movilidad sin signos de infección o radiolucidez en la radiografía periapical, lo que sugiere que la falla pudo ocurrir por poca cantidad ósea o trauma quirúrgico. CONCLUSIÓN: el presente estudio mostró que el porcentaje de oseointegración en pacientes con trauma dentoalveolar fue bueno con la utilización del PRP según el protocolo utilizado.INTRODUCTION: the aim of the present study was to evaluate clinically and radiographically the osseointegration of implants with bone regeneration by platelet rich plasma (PRP) and freeze-dried bone, placed in patients with dentoalveolar loss by trauma in the anterior region, during the firsts stages of soft tissue healing, treated at the Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl (Medellín-Colombia). METHODS: 15 implants were placed in six patients who suffered tooth loss due to trauma in the anterior maxillary and mandible area. The placement of the implants was performed between eight to twenty days after trauma, and they were submerged four months in the mandible and six months in the maxilla. A clinical and radiographic evaluation was done at the second-stage surgery to determine osseointegration. RESULTS: osseointegration percentage was 93.3% (14 implants). An implant failed (6.7%) and showed mobility without any infection signs or radiolucency, which suggests that failure, could be the result of surgical trauma. CONCLUSIONS: the present study showed that osseointegration percentage in patients with dentoalveolar trauma was good with the utilization of PRP according to the present protocol.

Introducción: La resonancia magnética es una herramienta indispensable en el estudio de enfermedades del sistema nervioso central. Varios estudios consideran la aplicación del tensor de difusión (DTI) y tractograf ía en el estudio de nervios periféricos. Metodología: Se realizó tractografía y DTI en dos mujeres, una con síndrome del túnel carpiano confirmado y otra sin patología. Se consignaron valores de fracción de anisotropía (FA) y coeficiente de difusión aparente (ADC). Resultados: El valor promedio de FA de la fibra fue 0,461 (caso) y 0,632 (control). No hubo diferencias entre valores promedios de ADC de fibras. Discusión: Se logró representar el tracto del nervio mediano utilizando software de reconstrucción de tractografía. La morfología y valores del análisis cuantitativo del DTI dependen directamente del algoritmo de reconstrucción utilizado, especialmente del umbral mínimo de FA de la fibra a reconstruir. El valor más constante es FA, obtenido por zona, siendo menor en el caso.Introduction: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is an essential tool for the study of central nervous system disorders. Several studies consider the application of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and tractography in the study of peripheral nerves. Methodology: We performed tractography and DTI in two female patients, one with a confirmed carpal tunnel syndrome and the other in good health conditions. Valúes of fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were recorded. Results: The average FA valué of the fiber was 0.461 (case) and 0.632 (control). No differences were reported between the average valúes of the ADC of the fiber. Discussion: We were able to represent the tract of the median nerve by using a software fortractography reconstruction. The morphology and valúes of quantitative analysis of DTI depend directly on the reconstruction algorithm used, mainly on the mínimum FA valué of the fiber to be reconstructed. The valué of the FA, obtained by zone, was the most constant variable, being lower for the case.

The objective of this study is to present a descriptive and retrospective analysis of the behavior of trauma to the craniofacial complex produced by firearms in patients that consulted the Maxillofacial Surgery and Estomatologic Service of the San Vicente de Paul University Hospital (HUSVP) and the School of Dentistry of the University of Antioquia between the years1998 and 2003. The parameters considered were age, sex, type of firearm used, motive of aggression, and number of impacts received. If the patients were under the effects of alcohol or psychoactive drugs at the moment of injury were also evaluated. The type of injury caused to hard and soft tissues, type of treatment performed, complications and type of healing processes were studied as well. 137 patients examined with this type of traumatism presented the following findings: the most frequent age interval reported for this type of injury was between 21 and 30 years of age with 37% of the registered cases, 89% of the patients were males, 90% of the wounds were caused by pistols, assault was the motive in 58% of the aggressions, 89% of the patients never had antecedents of this type of traumatism, 50% of the patients presented a single bullet impact and 92 of the 137 patients had never consumed alcohol or drugs. The most common treatment was closing the injury, 39% of the cases and 28% of the patients received a combination of opening and closing, 88% of the patients didn’t present an infection during treatment and a correct healing process was observed in 72% of the patients. 60% of the patients required treatments for more than ten weeks before final discharge and 70% were see within the first five days at the Maxillofacial Surgery service after being injured. The most affected anatomical regions in the midface were the malar and dentoalveolar processes and the mandibular corpus and dentoalveolar process in the mandible.

Salivary glands are symmetrical structures located near the ramus and the body of the mandible. They are the parotid glands (serous saliva), sub maxillary (predominantly serous) and sub lingual (predominantly mucous); besides numerous minor salivary glands exist on the surface of the buccal, yugal, palatine and sub lingual mucosa (300-400 approximately) that produce mucous saliva. The purpose of this literature review, is to present the difeferent infectious processes that affect the glands, the different diagnostic approaches and the treatment guidelines. The infectious disorders of the salivary glands are within the area of the responsibility of the dentistry, and every dentist must be acquainted with these disorders, with the available technologies of diagnosis and must be able to refer those cases that need the care of a specialist.

The aim of this study was to optimise tetrazolium concentration and immersion time in the viability test of S. macrophylla seeds by using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). For this, a RSM Central Composite Design (CCD), type 2² was applied. The quantification of viable and non-viable seed germs was performed using the interpretation of topological patterns. The viability of the seed expressed as a percentage was selected as a response variable whilst the tetrazolium concentration and immersion time were independent factors. The quadratic polynomial model of the four evaluated aspects was best adjusted with 0.99 and 0.93 for the coeffiicients R² and Predicted-R², respectively. Using ANOVA, it was demonstrated that only immersion had a significant effect. The optimisation study showed that it is possible to achieve values of viability above 90% at low tetrazolium concentrations (0.05%) using immersion times between 75 and 90 minutes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To our knowledge, this study is the first to report on the nutritional characterization, bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of Amazonian G. macarenensis fruit. The fatty acid profile was determined using a high performance liquid chromatography analysis. The total phenolic content and antioxidant activity were determined using Folin Ciocalteu's method and by radical scavenging activity, respectively. Moreover, a cluster analysis was carried out in order to classify the G. macarenensis fruit oil according to its fatty acid profile. Seven Fisher linear discriminant functions were obtained from the discriminant analysis. These models allow one to classify new fruits on the basis of their fatty acid profile. A high value for total lipids was obtained (53.57%). Its main components were palmitic and oleic acid. The TPC value (156.49 ± 2.62 mg GAE/Kg of oil) obtained from the G. macarenensis fruit pulp oil is higher than what was reported for some olive oil and Brazilian mango oil varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducción: La resonancia magnética es una herramienta indispensable en el estudio de enfermedades del sistema nervioso central. Varios estudios consideran la aplicación del tensor de difusión (DTI) y tractograf ía en el estudio de nervios periféricos. Metodología: Se realizó tractografía y DTI en dos mujeres, una con síndrome del túnel carpiano confirmado y otra sin patología. Se consignaron valores de fracción de anisotropía (FA) y coeficiente de difusión aparente (ADC). Resultados: El valor promedio de FA de la fibra fue 0,461 (caso) y 0,632 (control). No hubo diferencias entre valores promedios de ADC de fibras. Discusión: Se logró representar el tracto del nervio mediano utilizando software de reconstrucción de tractografía. La morfología y valores del análisis cuantitativo del DTI dependen directamente del algoritmo de reconstrucción utilizado, especialmente del umbral mínimo de FA de la fibra a reconstruir. El valor más constante es FA, obtenido por zona, siendo menor en el caso.

The terminus of a stream flowing into a larger river, pond, lake, or reservoir is referred to as the stream-mouth reach or simply the stream mouth. The terminus is often characterized by rapidly changing thermal and hydraulic conditions that result in abrupt shifts in surface water/groundwater (sw/gw) exchange patterns, creating the potential for unique biogeochemical processes and ecosystems. Worldwide shoreline development is changing stream-lake interfaces through channelization of stream mouths, i.e., channel straightening and bank stabilization to prevent natural meandering at the shoreline. In the central Sierra Nevada (USA), Lake Tahoe's shoreline has an abundance of both 'unmodified' (i.e., not engineered though potentially impacted by broader watershed engineering) and channelized stream mouths. Two representative stream mouths along the lake's north shore, one channelized and one unmodified, were selected to compare and contrast water and heat exchanges. Hydraulic and thermal properties were monitored during separate campaigns in September 2012 and 2013 and sw/gw exchanges were estimated within the stream mouth-shoreline continuum. Heat-flow and water-flow patterns indicated clear differences in the channelized versus the unmodified stream mouth. For the channelized stream mouth, relatively modulated, cool-temperature, low-velocity longitudinal streambed flows discharged offshore beneath warmer buoyant lakeshore water. In contrast, a seasonal barrier bar formed across the unmodified stream mouth, creating higher-velocity subsurface flow paths and higher diurnal temperature variations relative to shoreline water. As a consequence, channelization altered sw/gw exchanges potentially altering biogeochemical processing and ecological systems in and near the stream mouth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ingeniería e Investigación is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ingenieraia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Facultad de Odontología Universidad de Antioquia is the property of Universidad de Antioquia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article focuses on electrical burns. Electrical burns are markedly different from purely thermal burns and more complicated. In addition to a thermal effect, the passage of electric current through an organism as structured as man causes electrolytic effects in tissues, dissociation of neural pathways and contraction of muscles. The degrees of these effects depend of course on the quality and quantity of electric current. Direct current is different in effect from alternating current and lightning is different from both. Currents of high voltage tend to immobilize victims by causing contractions of muscles. Clinical effects from electricity are variable locally and systematically.

The article focuses on special kinds of burns and frostbite. There are special type of burns incurred from exposure to radiant heat that is infrared radiation, from ultraviolet light that is sunburn, from caustic chemicals and from intense cold that is frostbite. Chronic or repeated exposure to radiant heat from hot-water bottles, fireplaces and ovens produces characteristic changes in the skin in the form of erythema, telangiectasis and reticulated pigmentation. The clinical appearance of acute sunburn in its signs of intense erythema and blistering and its symptom of intense pain is well known.

Essential oils are investigated due to their biological activity, and the Amazon rainforest, with its rich biodiversity, is a promising source of therapeutic compounds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the essential oil from the leaves of Bixa orellana as an antifungal agent, thus contributing to the search for alternatives that can address the growing resistance to conventional antifungals. B. orellana leaves were collected in the Ecuadorian Amazon and their essential oil was obtained by steam distillation. Their chemical composition was analysed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and their antifungal activity against Candida albicans was evaluated using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method (ATCC 10231), with nystatin as a positive control. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 60 compounds, the main ones being dihydroedulan (27.5%), β-caryophyllene (10.3%), nerolidol (7.21%), trans-β-bergamotene (5.73%), α-santalene (4.94%) and trans-α-bergamotene (4.26%). The essential oil showed moderate antifungal activity against C. albicans , producing an inhibition halo of 13 mm in diameter, which is 48% of the inhibition observed with nystatin (27 mm). The presence of sesquiterpenes, such as β-caryophyllene, known for its membrane-disrupting properties, probably contributes to the observed antifungal effects. The study highlights the potential of B. orellana essential oil as a natural antifungal agent; however, further research is required to evaluate its efficacy against a wider range of pathogenic fungi, its possible synergistic effects with conventional antifungals and its safety and efficacy in vivo.

Background: The World Health Organization and the Global Burden of Disease study estimate that almost 800 000 people die from suicide yearly. The role of non-traditional risk factors such as climate and high-altitude exposure are poorly understood., Aims: This study aims to determine a potential relationship between altitude exposure and suicide rates among 221 cantons located at different altitudes ranging from 0 to 4300 m., Method: We conducted an 11-year, country-wide, population-based analysis on age- and gender-standardised suicide rates in Ecuador, based on the official data from the National Institute of Statistics, using all available self-harm death codes (ICD-10 codes X60-X84)., Results: A total of 11 280 cases of suicide were reported during 2011-2021. Suicide rates were higher among men (11.48/100 000). In terms of elevation, suicide rates were significantly higher among people from high-altitude cantons (3.7/100 000) versus those from low-altitude cantons. When applying the International Society Mountain Medicine categorisation, suicide rates were significantly higher at moderate- (4.3/100 000), high- (3.6/100 000) and very-high-altitude cantons (4.4/100 000) when compared with low-altitude locations (2.5/100 000)., Conclusions: Ecuador is one of the few countries that has a vast range of cantons located at different altitudes. We found that living at higher elevations is positively associated with greater suicide rates. Although the rates are significantly greater as elevation increases, a clear linear relationship is not apparent, likely because of the interplay of socioeconomic factors, including urbanicity. The effect of chronic hypobaric hypoxia on mood cannot be ruled out, although the existence of causal mechanisms remains to be elucidated.

The marine kingdom is an important source of a huge variety of scaffolds inspiring the design of new drugs. The complex molecules found in the oceans present a great challenge to organic and medicinal chemists. However, the wide variety of biological activities they can display is worth the effort. In this article, we present an overview of different seaweeds as potential sources of bioactive pigments with activity against neurodegenerative diseases, especially due to their neuroprotective effects. Along with a broad introduction to seaweed as a source of bioactive pigments, this review is especially focused on astaxanthin and fucoxanthin as potential neuroprotective and/or anti-neurodegenerative agents. PubMed and SciFinder were used as the main sources to search and select the most relevant scientific articles within the field.

Background: Hip fractures impact the quality of life and can lead to physical dependency, particularly in older adults., Objective: To determine whether surgical treatment and other factors are associated with dependency in performing activities of daily living in elderly patients with hip fractures., Material and Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at a regional general hospital from January 2019 to December 2021. Surgically treated patients with hip fractures were included. Follow-up was conducted for 6 months after surgery, and the Barthel Index and EQ-5D questionnaires were administered. Summary statistics and association measures were used for data analysis., Results: A total of 126 patients with an average age of 78 ± 9 years were included. Patients with subcapital and basicervical fracture treated with hemiarthroplasty showed greater dependency compared to those treated with total hip arthroplasty with statistically significant differences. It was demonstrated that the greater the age the greater the dependency (p < 0.001), as well as prolonged hospital stay (p = 0.018). Cardiac disease was the comorbidity associated with increased dependency (p = 0.006)., Conclusion: The type of surgery emerged as a factor associated with dependency in patients with subcapital and basicervical fractures treated with hemiarthroplasty. The length of hospital stay and the presence of cardiac disease were also associated with physical dependency., (Licencia CC 4.0 (BY-NC-ND) © 2024 Revista Médica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social.)

T-cell intracellular antigen 1 (TIA1) and TIA1-like/related protein (TIAL1/TIAR) are two members of the classical family of RNA binding proteins. Through their selective interactions with distinct RNAs and proteins, these multifunctional regulators are involved in chromatin remodeling, RNA splicing and processing and translation regulation, linking them to a wide range of diseases including neuronal disorders, cancer and other pathologies. From their discovery to the present day, many studies have focused on the behavior of these proteins in order to understand their impact on molecular and cellular processes and to understand their relationship to human pathologies. The volume of research on these proteins in various fields, including molecular biology, biochemistry, cell biology, immunology and cancer, has steadily increased, indicating a growing interest in these gene expression regulators among researchers. This information can be used to know the most productive institutions working in the field, understand the focus of research, identify key areas of involvement, delve deeper into their relationship and impact on different diseases, and to establish the level of study associated with them.