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With the rapid growth of online property rental and sale platforms, the prevalence of fake real estate listings has become a significant concern. These deceptive listings waste time and effort for buyers and sellers and pose potential risks. Therefore, developing effective methods to distinguish genuine from fake listings is crucial. Accurately identifying fake real estate listings is a critical challenge, and clustering analysis can significantly improve this process. While clustering has been widely used to detect fraud in various fields, its application in the real estate domain has been somewhat limited, primarily focused on auctions and property appraisals. This study aims to fill this gap by using clustering to classify properties into fake and genuine listings based on datasets curated by industry experts. This study developed a K-means model to group properties into clusters, clearly distinguishing between fake and genuine listings. To assure the quality of the training data, data pre-processing procedures were performed on the raw dataset. Several techniques were used to determine the optimal value for each parameter of the K-means model. The clusters are determined using the Silhouette coefficient, the Calinski-Harabasz index, and the Davies-Bouldin index. It was found that the value of cluster 2 is the best and the Camberra technique is the best method when compared to overlapping similarity and Jaccard for distance. The clustering results are assessed using two machine learning algorithms: Random Forest and Decision Tree. The observational results have shown that the optimized K-means significantly improves the accuracy of the Random Forest classification model, boosting it by an impressive 96%. Furthermore, this research demonstrates that clustering helps create a balanced dataset containing fake and genuine clusters. This balanced dataset holds promise for future investigations, particularly for deep learning models that require balanced data to perform optimally. This study presents a practical and effective way to identify fake real estate listings by harnessing the power of clustering analysis, ultimately contributing to a more trustworthy and secure real estate market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Region proposal-based detectors, such as Region-Convolutional Neural Networks (R-CNNs), Fast R-CNNs, Faster R-CNNs, and Region-Based Fully Convolutional Networks (R-FCNs), employ a two-stage process involving region proposal generation followed by classification. This approach is effective but computationally intensive and typically slower than proposal-free methods. Therefore, region proposal-free detectors are becoming popular to balance accuracy and speed. This paper proposes a proposal-free, fully convolutional network (PF-FCN) that outperforms other state-of-the-art, proposal-free methods. Unlike traditional region proposal-free methods, PF-FCN can generate a "box map" based on regression training techniques. This box map comprises a set of vectors, each designed to produce bounding boxes corresponding to the positions of objects in the input image. The channel and spatial contextualized sub-network are further designed to learn a "box map". In comparison to renowned proposal-free detectors such as CornerNet, CenterNet, and You Look Only Once (YOLO), PF-FCN utilizes a fully convolutional, single-pass method. By reducing the need for fully connected layers and filtering center points, the method considerably reduces the number of trained parameters and optimizes the scalability across varying input sizes. Evaluations of benchmark datasets suggest the effectiveness of PF-FCN: the proposed model achieved an mAP of 89.6% on PASCAL VOC 2012 and 71.7% on MS COCO, which are higher than those of the baseline Fully Convolutional One-Stage Detector (FCOS) and other classical proposal-free detectors. The results prove the significance of proposal-free detectors in both practical applications and future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deep learning models have shown great promise in diagnosing skeletal fractures from X-ray images. However, challenges remain that hinder progress in this field. Firstly, a lack of clear definitions for recognition, classification, detection, and localization tasks hampers the consistent development and comparison of methodologies. The existing reviews often lack technical depth or have limited scope. Additionally, the absence of explainable facilities undermines the clinical application and expert confidence in results. To address these issues, this comprehensive review analyzes and evaluates 40 out of 337 recent papers identified in prestigious databases, including WOS, Scopus, and EI. The objectives of this review are threefold. Firstly, precise definitions are established for the bone fracture recognition, classification, detection, and localization tasks within deep learning. Secondly, each study is summarized based on key aspects such as the bones involved, research objectives, dataset sizes, methods employed, results obtained, and concluding remarks. This process distills the diverse approaches into a generalized processing framework or workflow. Moreover, this review identifies the crucial areas for future research in deep learning models for bone fracture diagnosis. These include enhancing the network interpretability, integrating multimodal clinical information, providing therapeutic schedule recommendations, and developing advanced visualization methods for clinical application. By addressing these challenges, deep learning models can be made more intelligent and specialized in this domain. In conclusion, this review fills the gap in precise task definitions within deep learning for bone fracture diagnosis and provides a comprehensive analysis of the recent research. The findings serve as a foundation for future advancements, enabling improved interpretability, multimodal integration, clinical decision support, and advanced visualization techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An exploration task can be performed by a team of mobile robots more efficiently than human counterparts. They can access and give live updates for hard-to-reach areas such as a disaster site or a sewer. However, they face some issues hindering them from optimal path planning due to the symmetrical shape of the environments. Multiple robots are expected to explore more areas in less time while solving robot localization and collision-avoidance issues. When deploying a multi-robot system, it is ensured that the hardware parts do not collide with each other or the surroundings, especially in symmetric environments. Two types of methods are used for collision avoidance: centralized and decentralized. The decentralized approach has mainly been used in recent times, as it is computationally less expensive. This article aims to conduct a systematic literature review of different collision-avoidance strategies and analyze the performance of innovative collision-avoidance techniques. Different methods such as Reinforcement Learning (RL), Model Predictive Control (MPC), Altruistic Coordination, and other approaches followed by selected studies are also discussed. A total of 17 studies are included in this review, extracted from seven databases. Two experimental designs are studied: empty/open space and confined indoor space. Our analysis observed that most of the studies focused on empty/open space scenarios and verified the proposed model only through simulation. ORCA is the primary method, against which all the state-of-the-art techniques are evaluated. This article provides a comparison between different methods used for multi-robot collision avoidance. It discusses if the methods used are focused on safety or path planning. It also sheds light on the limitations of the studies included and possible future directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing scanners produce paper images with different types of deformations such as noise, rotation and shear. These deformations affect the accuracy of the fingerprinting the document images, which entails utilizing advanced feature extraction operators. Existing feature extractor such as the Uniform Local Binary Patterns (ULBP) has been found to be limited in dealing with the global view of the texture and neglecting useful information about the images. This article presents an Automated Paper Fingerprinting (APF) method that deploys a combination approach for Gabor Filters (GF) and Uniform Local Binary Patterns (ULBP) called the GFULBP operator to cater for both local and global image information during the feature extraction process for higher texture classification accuracy. The APF method is evaluated by a standard dataset of 306 blank paper images derived from pre-existing scanner image dataset from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) with properties ranges from 50 DPI, 100 DPI, and 150 DPI respectively. The images are captured by a flatbed scanner with 50 DPI, 100 DPI, and 150 DPI resolutions. Each image is represented by four patches that are segmented from specific locations of the image. The test results of the APF show that GFULBP is able to outperform the ULBP alone by 30.68% when the GF has a 5 scale and π/2 orientation degree. This work finds that the integration of Gabor filters and ULBP significantly enhances the feature extraction quality and fingerprinting accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the design and creation of a monolingual parallel corpus for the Malay language written in Jawi. This paper proposes a new corpus called the National University of Malaysia Word Tokenization (NUWT) corpora To the best of our knowledge, currently, there is no sufficiently comprehensive, well-designed standard corpus that is annotated and made available for the public for the Jawi script corpora. This corpus contains the Jawi-specific Buckwalter character code and can be used to evaluate the performance of word tokenization tasks, as well as further language processing. The objective of this work is to conform and standardize the corpora between similar characters in Jawi. It consists of three subcorporas with documents from different genres. The gathering and processing steps, as well as the definition of several evaluation tasks regarding the use of these corpora, are included in this paper. One of the important roles and fundamental tasks of the corpus, which is the tokenization, is also presented in this paper. The development of the Malay language tokenizer is based on the syntactic data compatibility of Malay words written in Jawi. A series of experiments were performed to validate the corpus and to fulfill the requirement of the Jawi script tokenizer with an average error rate of 0.020255. Based on this promising result, the token will be used for the disambiguation and unknown word resolution, such as out-ofvocabulary (OOV) problem in the tagging process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Finding similar images to a given query image can be computed by different distancemeasures. One of the general distancemeasures is the Earth Mover's Distance (EMD). Although EMD has proven its ability to retrieve similar images in an average precision of around 95%, high execution time is itsmajor drawback. Embedding EMDinto L1 is a solution that solves this problem by sacrificing performance; however, it generates a heavily tailed image feature vector. We aimed to reduce the execution time of embedded EMD and increase its performance using three dimension reduction methods: sampling, sketching, and Dimension Reduction in Embedding by Adjustment in Tail (DREAT). Sampling is a method that randomly picks a small fraction of the image features. On the other hand, sketching is a distance estimation method that is based on specific summary statistics. The last method, DREAT, randomly selects an equally distributed fraction of the image features. We tested the methods on handwritten Persian digit images. Our first proposed method, sampling, reduces execution time by sacrificing the recognition performance. The sketching method outperforms sampling in the recognition, but it records higher execution time. The DREAT outperforms sampling and sketching in both the execution time and performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid growth of online property rental and sale platforms, the prevalence of fake real estate listings has become a significant concern. These deceptive listings waste time and effort for buyers and sellers and pose potential risks. Therefore, developing effective methods to distinguish genuine from fake listings is crucial. Accurately identifying fake real estate listings is a critical challenge, and clustering analysis can significantly improve this process. While clustering has been widely used to detect fraud in various fields, its application in the real estate domain has been somewhat limited, primarily focused on auctions and property appraisals. This study aims to fill this gap by using clustering to classify properties into fake and genuine listings based on datasets curated by industry experts. This study developed a K-means model to group properties into clusters, clearly distinguishing between fake and genuine listings. To assure the quality of the training data, data pre-processing procedures were performed on the raw dataset. Several techniques were used to determine the optimal value for each parameter of the K-means model. The clusters are determined using the Silhouette coefficient, the Calinski-Harabasz index, and the Davies-Bouldin index. It was found that the value of cluster 2 is the best and the Camberra technique is the best method when compared to overlapping similarity and Jaccard for distance. The clustering results are assessed using two machine learning algorithms: Random Forest and Decision Tree. The observational results have shown that the optimized K-means significantly improves the accuracy of the Random Forest classification model, boosting it by an impressive 96%. Furthermore, this research demonstrates that clustering helps create a balanced dataset containing fake and genuine clusters. This balanced dataset holds promise for future investigations, particularly for deep learning models that require balanced data to perform optimally. This study presents a practical and effective way to identify fake real estate listings by harnessing the power of clustering analysis, ultimately contributing to a more trustworthy and secure real estate market., Competing Interests: Faizal Abd Kadir is the Chief Executive Officer at My Crib Resources., (© 2024 Mohd Amin et al.)